liberaten.

Brit.

/lɪbəˈreɪti/, U.S.

/ˌlɪbəˈreɪdi/

Forms: late Middle English lybarate, late Middle English liberatz (plural), late Middle English– liberate, 1500s liberat, 1600s liberaties (plural), 1800s liberatè.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French liberate; Latin liberate.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Law French liberate (a1393) and its etymon post-classical Latin liberate, name of the writ (from 1230 in British sources), use as noun of classical Latin līberāte ‘deliver!’ (2nd person imperative plural of līberāre liberate v.), the first word of the writ.

Law. Now historical.

1. A writ issued by Chancery authorizing the Exchequer to make a payment on behalf of the Crown.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs issuing from Chancery

original writa1325

pleadable briefc1400

liberate1418

original1450

brieve1609

sequestration1768

1418 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 89 Ye doo maake writtes of liberate with the clause that folweth.

1438 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 107 (MED) Plese it to youre..grace..graunten to youre seide suppliant an annuitee..and youre writtes liberate and allocate currant and dormant for allowance of payement..withoute payement of eny fee.

1474–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 3rd Roll §15. m. 26 Withoute any maner of writtes called liberate or allocate.

a1634 E. Coke 4th Pt. Inst. Laws Eng. (1644) xi. 116 (heading) Of a Liberate for payment of a pension or debt, &c.

1674 T. Turner Case Bankers & Creditors ii. 7 The King hath charged himself to the Subject by Talley and liberate to pay a summe of money out of his Customes.

1711 5th Pt. Mod. Rep. 48 These Liberate's were granted upon Petitions to the King himself, and not to the Barons.

1750 A. Collins Suppl. Peerage Eng. I. 319 He..had a Liberate to receive twenty Marks for the Charges he had been at in resisting the Irish Enemies and English Rebels.

1825 J. E. Hovenden Gen. Treat. Fraud Index 523 A liberate for payment of the pension.

1887 W. Clode Law & Pract. Petition of Right i. x. 124 In every case, therefore, in which a creditor of the Crown was paid it was by one of these ‘liberates’.

1918 J. C. Davies Baronial Opposition to Edward II i. vi. 193 By a liberate of January, 1308, the revenue from these sources was granted to John de Benstede.

1953 Eng. Hist. Rev. 68 360 The clerk of the chamber himself, or someone acting for him, attended at the treasury to draw money on a liberate for the court's immediate outgoings.

1997 I. Bushnell Federal Court of Canada 365 The last payment by writ of liberate in England occurred in 1844.

2. A writ issued to a jailer for the release of a prisoner on bail. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs to deliver from custody

liberate1581

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xxiii. 264 I will shewe you one forme of a Baile, and an other of the Liberate.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. v. 174 Denying the Infallibility of the Church..the overplus of Merits, Service ununderstood, Indulgences, Liberaties out of Purgatorie, and the like.

1656 G. Fox Let. 13 June in Jrnl. G. Fox (1694) I. 217 If thou send a Liberate, and set us free, we shall not stay in Prison.

1755 R. Burn Justice of Peace II. 455 Liberate to discharge one committed for want of sureties.

1816 J. Chitty Pract. Treat. Criminal Law (1819) I. iii. 69 After the recognizances have been entered into, the justice before whom the transaction takes place, will issue his warrant called a liberate, to the gaoler to discharge him.

1856 G. C. Oke Magisterial Formulist (ed. 2) iii. ii. 543 Liberatè of Defendant on finding Sureties, with Variation where Defendant has to enter into his own Recognizance at the Gaol.

1919 W. C. Braithwaite Second Period Quakerism iii. 84 It was found sufficient to show the Patent to the under-sheriffs..and to prepare for their use a liberate, covering the prisoners in each gaol.

3. A writ issued to a sheriff for the return of forfeited land and goods. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other writs compelling or empowering sheriff

withernam1292

exigenta1325

scire facias1445

fieri-facias?1463

distringas1467

compulsorya1513

praemunirea1529

writ of waste1528–30

exigi facias1589

liberate1590

justicies1592

peremptory1606

pone1607

pone per vadium1607

levari faciasa1625

letters (or commissions) of fire and sword1678

1590 in Acts Privy Council (1899) XIX. 297 A writ of extent with a liberat therin unto the Shreef of the said towne hath bene sued out of that Court of the Common Pleas.

a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 181 If a Liberate be deliuered to the Clarke of the Hamper, who hath assets in his hands.

1659 W. Greenwood Βουλευτηριον 173 And if the Sheriff refuse so to do, the Conusee shall have a writ out of the Chancery called a Liberate, to compell him to deliver to the Conusee the lands, goods, and chattels.

1710 Compleat Sheriff (ed. 2) xix. 286 He is to extend the Lands and Goods, and to seise them into the Hands of the King; but not to deliver them to the Party without a Liberate.

1719 J. Lilly Pract. Reg. I. 202 Goods extended before the Party becomes a Bankrupt, and delivered by the liberate after he becomes a Bankrupt, can't be sold by the Commissioners.

1823 C. H. Chambers Treat. on Law of Landlord & Tenant iv. 502 The chancery shall issue re-extents, and liberates may be sued thereon.

1845 N.Y. Legal Observer July 265/1 The goods are not delivered to the creditor by the sheriff upon a liberate until after the bankruptcy.

1952 Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 317 The original writs, the extents themselves and the Liberates are still preserved in the Chancery records.

Compounds

† liberate day n. Obsolete a day on which liberates (sense 3) were issued.

ΚΠ

1642 C. Vernon Considerations Excheqver 18 The said Treasurers Remembrancer is..at the next Liberate or Sealing day, to make forth the strongest proces to the Sheriffes.

Liberate Roll n. (also with lower-case initials) a roll of Chancery recording writs of liberate (sense 1).

ΚΠ

1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. v. i. f. 106 I find by the Liberate-Rolls, that this Rent due for the 31. year of Henry the third, was then payd to the Treasurer of the Temple.

1765 E. Wynne Miscellany 350 Every Liberate Roll necessarily had the same names, while the pension from the crown continued.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xiii. 598 The Pipe Rolls of Henry II are supplemented under John by Oblate, Liberate, and Mise Rolls.

1963 Proc. Royal Musical Assoc. 90th Sess. 94 Henry Blacksmith, however, turns up on the Liberate Roll for 1260-61.

2002 L. L. Gee Women, Art, & Patronage i. 11 From the liberate rolls we know that Queen Eleanor of Provence's rooms were painted with various images.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† liberateadj.

Forms: 1500s liberater (comparative), 1600s–1800s liberate, 1700s lib'rat.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin līberātus, līberāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin līberātus, past participle of līberāre liberate v. Compare later liberate v., liberated adj.

Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

Free, liberated; released from. Chiefly as past participle.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > [adjective] > liberated

well-deliveredc1515

franchised1576

enfranchised1579

released1587

liberate1598

affranchised1603

enlarged1645

emancipated1776

liberated1781

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. f. 46^v/2 That the matter might have the liberater a passage to enter forth at.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies i. viii. 25 The Christian Church..is liberate from the Pedagogicall instruction of the Ceremoniall Law.

1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 125 The old dispensation from which we are liberate.

1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace xi. iv In all my Victories I here declare, Priests, Women, Children, always lib'rat were.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 63 The Prisoner [shall be] immediately liberate from his Imprisonment.

1828 J. Watson Pract. View Statute Law Scotl. 415 The prisoner being liberate in manner foresaid, it shall not be lawful to put or detain him in prison for the same crime.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

liberatev.

Brit.

/ˈlɪbəreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈlɪbəˌreɪt/

Forms: 1600s liberat, 1600s– liberate, 1700s lib'rate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin līberāt-, līberāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin līberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of līberāre to give free status to, to free, to make politically free, to release from physical restraint, to set free, to deliver < līber free (see liberal adj.). Compare Middle French liberer , French libérer to free (someone) from imprisonment, to set (someone) free, to free (someone or something from something) (all second half of the 15th cent.); this French verb shows a learned borrowing beside earlier livrer liver v.; compare also Italian liberare and other Romance verb forms cited at liver v. Compare earlier liberate adj., liberator n., liberation n.

a. transitive. To set free (someone or something confined or in servitude); to release. Frequently with from.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)]

freeeOE

letc1000

alithOE

areim-ena1250

alaskic1300

fritha1325

loose1340

unfetterc1374

to let goc1384

releasec1384

freitha1400

to let farea1400

assoil1401

remit1467

affranchise1477

resplaitc1531

discussa1542

freedom1548

to set (go, walk, etc.) free1609

re-enfranchise1611

unhook1611

unloose1614

liberate1623

disenfranchise1626

assert1638

relinquish1671

uncork1749

unfankle1824

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Liberate, to free one.

c1650 Don Bellianis 206 Four thousand Knights that came to liberate their King.

1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 131 Jesus Christ..liberats the Worship of God from the shadows.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 566 By liberating the public revenue, they might restore vigour to that government of which they themselves had the principal direction.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 97 Advanced to some..more than mortal height, That lib'rates and exempts me from them all.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 112 I will liberate him from his present sufferings.

1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland viii. 202 The six slaves..were eventually liberated by the crew of an English vessel.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 52 Walking slow..Liberates the brain o'erloaded.

1927 L. B. Paton in E. H. Sneath Evol. of Ethics vii. 215 Jeremiah, however, regarded..the reënslaving of those who had been liberated as a most heinous offense.

1978 N.Y. Times Mag. 31 Dec. vi. 20/4 The Animal Liberation Front conducts commando-style raids on laboratories, liberating animals and sabotaging research equipment.

2005 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 22 Apr. 3/2 He appeared at Dunoon Sheriff Court on Monday, and was liberated on bail.

b. transitive. To free (esp. women) from restrictive or discriminatory social conventions and attitudes.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > [verb (transitive)] > liberate

liberate1806

1806 M. Edgeworth in Monthly Anthol. & Boston Rev. Aug. 438/1 A little philosophy liberates our sex from the tyranny of custom.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxvii. 482 They liberated woman and made her the equal of man.

1918 J. Spargo Social Democracy Explained v. 152 A movement whose aims would, if realized, liberate the workers.

1972 Ebony Sept. 142/2 The black political leadership..can also..lead America to the radical reshaping of its institutions that will not only liberate blacks but all Americans.

1975 D. Ramsay Descent into Dark i. 25 Put ‘Ms Joyce Chandler’. Let them get the idea you're liberating yourself from the Kitchen on principle.

1998 N. Shah in D. L. Eng & A. Y. Hom Q & A ix. 154 For South Asian lesbians and gay men, as with other silenced groups, self-representation alone cannot liberate us.

a. transitive. To free (a region or its people) from an oppressor or occupying force. In later use frequently ironic.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] > free from enemy occupation

liberate1781

1781 G. Washington Let. 20 Oct. in J. Marshall Life George Washington IV. Notes 12 This re-enforcement transported by sea..would wrest from the British a point of support in North Carolina..and would liberate another state.

1841 F. Jones tr. K. W. R. Rotteck Hist. World IV. 264 The intention..of liberating France sooner from the occupation-army.

1883 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 1 224 To this end he adopted the desperate expedient of inviting the Manchus to join him in liberating Pekin.

1928 M. E. Durham in Contemp. Rev. 34 307 This ‘tyranny’ permitted him to receive his education in his own tongue—a privilege not enjoyed by the Bulgars, Albanians, and Kutzovlahs in the lands ‘liberated’ by Serbia.

1944 G. B. Shaw Let. 4 Dec. in To a Young Actress (1960) 181 All your Italian friends must be starving now that we have ‘liberated’ them.

1975 Times 1 May 1/2 At 11.30 am local time (03.30 GMT), according to Hanoi Radio, Saigon was ‘liberated’.

1994 Barbados Advocate 14 June 6/3 He has also earned the France and Germany Stars having done yeomen military service in those countries, along with Holland, when those territories were being liberated.

b. transitive. colloquial (originally Military slang). To misappropriate; to steal or loot (property).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > use for wrongful purposes > misappropriate

misappropriate1825

liberate1944

1944 Daily Express 7 Oct. 4/3 (caption) Excuse me, Canon, but I rather think you've liberated my matches.

1946 J. H. Burns Gallery 366 We loot—we call it liberating materials.

1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 59 He..wore a sombrero liberated, I suspect, from the wardrobe of some Latin American group he had worked with in the past.

1974 S. E. Morison European Discov. Amer.: Southern Voy. viii. 164 Drake's flagship Golden Hind carried no bell, but his men ‘liberated’ one from the church of Guatulco, Mexico, in 1579.

2006 P. Rusesabagina & T. Zoellner Ordinary Man vi. 121 These boys had liberated some Primus beer from someplace and were guzzling it down.

3. transitive. Chemistry and Physics. To release (gas, energy, etc.) as a result of a chemical reaction or physical decomposition.

ΚΠ

1789 C. R. Hopson tr. J. C. Wiegleb Gen. Syst. Chem. ii. i. 182 By this operation the nitrous acid destroys the phlogistic part of the sugar, and thus liberates the saccharine acid.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 63 In the expansive force of gases, liberated slowly and manageably from chemical mixtures, we have a host of..powerful energies.

1859 D. A. Wells Wells's Princ. & Applic. Chem. (ed. 5) vii. 309 According to the phlogistians, it was no sooner liberated from a combustible, than it passed into combination with the surrounding atmosphere.

1907 G. M. Norman Systematic Pract. Org. Chem. i. iii. 8 Strong sulphuric acid liberates acetic acid from acetates, especially on heating.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xviii. 195 In an electric battery a chemical change which liberates energy is made to take place in such a way that the energy is given out as an electric current instead of as heat or light.

1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context vi. 75/1 Besides liberating energy, the atomic reactor also produces plutonium.

2004 Science 15 Oct. 388/1 A simple spritz from a gas jet can liberate ions from almost any surface.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.1418

adj.1598

v.1623

单词	liberate
释义	liberaten. Brit. /lɪbəˈreɪti/, U.S. /ˌlɪbəˈreɪdi/ Forms: late Middle English lybarate, late Middle English liberatz (plural), late Middle English– liberate, 1500s liberat, 1600s liberaties (plural), 1800s liberatè. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French liberate; Latin liberate. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Law French liberate (a1393) and its etymon post-classical Latin liberate, name of the writ (from 1230 in British sources), use as noun of classical Latin līberāte ‘deliver!’ (2nd person imperative plural of līberāre liberate v.), the first word of the writ. Law. Now historical. 1. A writ issued by Chancery authorizing the Exchequer to make a payment on behalf of the Crown. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs issuing from Chancery original writa1325 pleadable briefc1400 liberate1418 original1450 brieve1609 sequestration1768 1418 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 89 Ye doo maake writtes of liberate with the clause that folweth. 1438 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 107 (MED) Plese it to youre..grace..graunten to youre seide suppliant an annuitee..and youre writtes liberate and allocate currant and dormant for allowance of payement..withoute payement of eny fee. 1474–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 3rd Roll §15. m. 26 Withoute any maner of writtes called liberate or allocate. a1634 E. Coke 4th Pt. Inst. Laws Eng. (1644) xi. 116 (heading) Of a Liberate for payment of a pension or debt, &c. 1674 T. Turner Case Bankers & Creditors ii. 7 The King hath charged himself to the Subject by Talley and liberate to pay a summe of money out of his Customes. 1711 5th Pt. Mod. Rep. 48 These Liberate's were granted upon Petitions to the King himself, and not to the Barons. 1750 A. Collins Suppl. Peerage Eng. I. 319 He..had a Liberate to receive twenty Marks for the Charges he had been at in resisting the Irish Enemies and English Rebels. 1825 J. E. Hovenden Gen. Treat. Fraud Index 523 A liberate for payment of the pension. 1887 W. Clode Law & Pract. Petition of Right i. x. 124 In every case, therefore, in which a creditor of the Crown was paid it was by one of these ‘liberates’. 1918 J. C. Davies Baronial Opposition to Edward II i. vi. 193 By a liberate of January, 1308, the revenue from these sources was granted to John de Benstede. 1953 Eng. Hist. Rev. 68 360 The clerk of the chamber himself, or someone acting for him, attended at the treasury to draw money on a liberate for the court's immediate outgoings. 1997 I. Bushnell Federal Court of Canada 365 The last payment by writ of liberate in England occurred in 1844. 2. A writ issued to a jailer for the release of a prisoner on bail. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs to deliver from custody liberate1581 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xxiii. 264 I will shewe you one forme of a Baile, and an other of the Liberate. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. v. 174 Denying the Infallibility of the Church..the overplus of Merits, Service ununderstood, Indulgences, Liberaties out of Purgatorie, and the like. 1656 G. Fox Let. 13 June in Jrnl. G. Fox (1694) I. 217 If thou send a Liberate, and set us free, we shall not stay in Prison. 1755 R. Burn Justice of Peace II. 455 Liberate to discharge one committed for want of sureties. 1816 J. Chitty Pract. Treat. Criminal Law (1819) I. iii. 69 After the recognizances have been entered into, the justice before whom the transaction takes place, will issue his warrant called a liberate, to the gaoler to discharge him. 1856 G. C. Oke Magisterial Formulist (ed. 2) iii. ii. 543 Liberatè of Defendant on finding Sureties, with Variation where Defendant has to enter into his own Recognizance at the Gaol. 1919 W. C. Braithwaite Second Period Quakerism iii. 84 It was found sufficient to show the Patent to the under-sheriffs..and to prepare for their use a liberate, covering the prisoners in each gaol. 3. A writ issued to a sheriff for the return of forfeited land and goods. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > other writs compelling or empowering sheriff withernam1292 exigenta1325 scire facias1445 fieri-facias?1463 distringas1467 compulsorya1513 praemunirea1529 writ of waste1528–30 exigi facias1589 liberate1590 justicies1592 peremptory1606 pone1607 pone per vadium1607 levari faciasa1625 letters (or commissions) of fire and sword1678 1590 in Acts Privy Council (1899) XIX. 297 A writ of extent with a liberat therin unto the Shreef of the said towne hath bene sued out of that Court of the Common Pleas. a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 181 If a Liberate be deliuered to the Clarke of the Hamper, who hath assets in his hands. 1659 W. Greenwood Βουλευτηριον 173 And if the Sheriff refuse so to do, the Conusee shall have a writ out of the Chancery called a Liberate, to compell him to deliver to the Conusee the lands, goods, and chattels. 1710 Compleat Sheriff (ed. 2) xix. 286 He is to extend the Lands and Goods, and to seise them into the Hands of the King; but not to deliver them to the Party without a Liberate. 1719 J. Lilly Pract. Reg. I. 202 Goods extended before the Party becomes a Bankrupt, and delivered by the liberate after he becomes a Bankrupt, can't be sold by the Commissioners. 1823 C. H. Chambers Treat. on Law of Landlord & Tenant iv. 502 The chancery shall issue re-extents, and liberates may be sued thereon. 1845 N.Y. Legal Observer July 265/1 The goods are not delivered to the creditor by the sheriff upon a liberate until after the bankruptcy. 1952 Econ. Hist. Rev. 4 317 The original writs, the extents themselves and the Liberates are still preserved in the Chancery records. Compounds † liberate day n. Obsolete a day on which liberates (sense 3) were issued. ΚΠ 1642 C. Vernon Considerations Excheqver 18 The said Treasurers Remembrancer is..at the next Liberate or Sealing day, to make forth the strongest proces to the Sheriffes. Liberate Roll n. (also with lower-case initials) a roll of Chancery recording writs of liberate (sense 1). ΚΠ 1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. v. i. f. 106 I find by the Liberate-Rolls, that this Rent due for the 31. year of Henry the third, was then payd to the Treasurer of the Temple. 1765 E. Wynne Miscellany 350 Every Liberate Roll necessarily had the same names, while the pension from the crown continued. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xiii. 598 The Pipe Rolls of Henry II are supplemented under John by Oblate, Liberate, and Mise Rolls. 1963 Proc. Royal Musical Assoc. 90th Sess. 94 Henry Blacksmith, however, turns up on the Liberate Roll for 1260-61. 2002 L. L. Gee Women, Art, & Patronage i. 11 From the liberate rolls we know that Queen Eleanor of Provence's rooms were painted with various images. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † liberateadj. Forms: 1500s liberater (comparative), 1600s–1800s liberate, 1700s lib'rat. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin līberātus, līberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin līberātus, past participle of līberāre liberate v. Compare later liberate v., liberated adj. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. Free, liberated; released from. Chiefly as past participle. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > [adjective] > liberated well-deliveredc1515 franchised1576 enfranchised1579 released1587 liberate1598 affranchised1603 enlarged1645 emancipated1776 liberated1781 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. f. 46^v/2 That the matter might have the liberater a passage to enter forth at. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies i. viii. 25 The Christian Church..is liberate from the Pedagogicall instruction of the Ceremoniall Law. 1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 125 The old dispensation from which we are liberate. 1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace xi. iv In all my Victories I here declare, Priests, Women, Children, always lib'rat were. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 63 The Prisoner [shall be] immediately liberate from his Imprisonment. 1828 J. Watson Pract. View Statute Law Scotl. 415 The prisoner being liberate in manner foresaid, it shall not be lawful to put or detain him in prison for the same crime. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021). liberatev. Brit. /ˈlɪbəreɪt/, U.S. /ˈlɪbəˌreɪt/ Forms: 1600s liberat, 1600s– liberate, 1700s lib'rate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin līberāt-, līberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin līberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of līberāre to give free status to, to free, to make politically free, to release from physical restraint, to set free, to deliver < līber free (see liberal adj.). Compare Middle French liberer , French libérer to free (someone) from imprisonment, to set (someone) free, to free (someone or something from something) (all second half of the 15th cent.); this French verb shows a learned borrowing beside earlier livrer liver v.; compare also Italian liberare and other Romance verb forms cited at liver v. Compare earlier liberate adj., liberator n., liberation n. 1. a. transitive. To set free (someone or something confined or in servitude); to release. Frequently with from. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] freeeOE letc1000 alithOE areim-ena1250 alaskic1300 fritha1325 loose1340 unfetterc1374 to let goc1384 releasec1384 freitha1400 to let farea1400 assoil1401 remit1467 affranchise1477 resplaitc1531 discussa1542 freedom1548 to set (go, walk, etc.) free1609 re-enfranchise1611 unhook1611 unloose1614 liberate1623 disenfranchise1626 assert1638 relinquish1671 uncork1749 unfankle1824 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Liberate, to free one. c1650 Don Bellianis 206 Four thousand Knights that came to liberate their King. 1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 131 Jesus Christ..liberats the Worship of God from the shadows. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 566 By liberating the public revenue, they might restore vigour to that government of which they themselves had the principal direction. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 97 Advanced to some..more than mortal height, That lib'rates and exempts me from them all. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 112 I will liberate him from his present sufferings. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland viii. 202 The six slaves..were eventually liberated by the crew of an English vessel. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 52 Walking slow..Liberates the brain o'erloaded. 1927 L. B. Paton in E. H. Sneath Evol. of Ethics vii. 215 Jeremiah, however, regarded..the reënslaving of those who had been liberated as a most heinous offense. 1978 N.Y. Times Mag. 31 Dec. vi. 20/4 The Animal Liberation Front conducts commando-style raids on laboratories, liberating animals and sabotaging research equipment. 2005 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 22 Apr. 3/2 He appeared at Dunoon Sheriff Court on Monday, and was liberated on bail. b. transitive. To free (esp. women) from restrictive or discriminatory social conventions and attitudes. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > [verb (transitive)] > liberate liberate1806 1806 M. Edgeworth in Monthly Anthol. & Boston Rev. Aug. 438/1 A little philosophy liberates our sex from the tyranny of custom. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxvii. 482 They liberated woman and made her the equal of man. 1918 J. Spargo Social Democracy Explained v. 152 A movement whose aims would, if realized, liberate the workers. 1972 Ebony Sept. 142/2 The black political leadership..can also..lead America to the radical reshaping of its institutions that will not only liberate blacks but all Americans. 1975 D. Ramsay Descent into Dark i. 25 Put ‘Ms Joyce Chandler’. Let them get the idea you're liberating yourself from the Kitchen on principle. 1998 N. Shah in D. L. Eng & A. Y. Hom Q & A ix. 154 For South Asian lesbians and gay men, as with other silenced groups, self-representation alone cannot liberate us. 2. a. transitive. To free (a region or its people) from an oppressor or occupying force. In later use frequently ironic. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] > free from enemy occupation liberate1781 1781 G. Washington Let. 20 Oct. in J. Marshall Life George Washington IV. Notes 12 This re-enforcement transported by sea..would wrest from the British a point of support in North Carolina..and would liberate another state. 1841 F. Jones tr. K. W. R. Rotteck Hist. World IV. 264 The intention..of liberating France sooner from the occupation-army. 1883 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 1 224 To this end he adopted the desperate expedient of inviting the Manchus to join him in liberating Pekin. 1928 M. E. Durham in Contemp. Rev. 34 307 This ‘tyranny’ permitted him to receive his education in his own tongue—a privilege not enjoyed by the Bulgars, Albanians, and Kutzovlahs in the lands ‘liberated’ by Serbia. 1944 G. B. Shaw Let. 4 Dec. in To a Young Actress (1960) 181 All your Italian friends must be starving now that we have ‘liberated’ them. 1975 Times 1 May 1/2 At 11.30 am local time (03.30 GMT), according to Hanoi Radio, Saigon was ‘liberated’. 1994 Barbados Advocate 14 June 6/3 He has also earned the France and Germany Stars having done yeomen military service in those countries, along with Holland, when those territories were being liberated. b. transitive. colloquial (originally Military slang). To misappropriate; to steal or loot (property). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > use for wrongful purposes > misappropriate misappropriate1825 liberate1944 1944 Daily Express 7 Oct. 4/3 (caption) Excuse me, Canon, but I rather think you've liberated my matches. 1946 J. H. Burns Gallery 366 We loot—we call it liberating materials. 1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 59 He..wore a sombrero liberated, I suspect, from the wardrobe of some Latin American group he had worked with in the past. 1974 S. E. Morison European Discov. Amer.: Southern Voy. viii. 164 Drake's flagship Golden Hind carried no bell, but his men ‘liberated’ one from the church of Guatulco, Mexico, in 1579. 2006 P. Rusesabagina & T. Zoellner Ordinary Man vi. 121 These boys had liberated some Primus beer from someplace and were guzzling it down. 3. transitive. Chemistry and Physics. To release (gas, energy, etc.) as a result of a chemical reaction or physical decomposition. ΚΠ 1789 C. R. Hopson tr. J. C. Wiegleb Gen. Syst. Chem. ii. i. 182 By this operation the nitrous acid destroys the phlogistic part of the sugar, and thus liberates the saccharine acid. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 63 In the expansive force of gases, liberated slowly and manageably from chemical mixtures, we have a host of..powerful energies. 1859 D. A. Wells Wells's Princ. & Applic. Chem. (ed. 5) vii. 309 According to the phlogistians, it was no sooner liberated from a combustible, than it passed into combination with the surrounding atmosphere. 1907 G. M. Norman Systematic Pract. Org. Chem. i. iii. 8 Strong sulphuric acid liberates acetic acid from acetates, especially on heating. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xviii. 195 In an electric battery a chemical change which liberates energy is made to take place in such a way that the energy is given out as an electric current instead of as heat or light. 1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context vi. 75/1 Besides liberating energy, the atomic reactor also produces plutonium. 2004 Science 15 Oct. 388/1 A simple spritz from a gas jet can liberate ions from almost any surface. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1418adj.1598v.1623
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