autochthonn.

Brit.

/ɔːˈtɒkθ(ə)n/,

/ɔːˈtɒkθɒn/, U.S.

/ɔˈtɑkθ(ə)n/,

/ɔˈtɑkˌθɑn/,

/ɑˈtɑkθ(ə)n/,

/ɑˈtɑkˌθɑn/

Inflections: Plural autochthones

/ɔːˈtɒkθəniːz/, autochthons, autochthoni, (rare) autochthonoi.

Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– autocthon, 1500s– autochthon, 1600s autochthen, 1600s autochton.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin autocthōn; Greek αὐτόχθων.

Etymology: < classical Latin autocthōn (2nd cent. a.d.) and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτόχθων original inhabitant, native < αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + χθών earth, soil (see chthonic adj.). Compare Middle French, French autochtone (1559 in Amyot's translation of Plutarch; also †autochthone, †autocthone).In sense 4 after French autochtone (1910 or earlier in this sense). In plural form autochthoni after the Latin plural form. In plural form autochthonoi after the Greek plural form.

1. Originally (only in plural): a person indigenous to a particular country or region and traditionally supposed to have been born out of the earth, or to have descended from ancestors born in this way. Hence more generally: an indigenous person; an earliest known inhabitant.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > original inhabitant

aborigine?1529

autochthon1579

aborigen1587

native1603

originals1703

aboriginal1749

primitive1779

aboriginary1869

tangata whenua1949

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 2 The first inhabitants which occupied the contrie of Attica, the which were called Autocthones, as much to say, as borne of them selues.

1592 A. Ionas Brief Comm. Island in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) I. 555 The people of Island were autochthones, that is, earth-bred, or bred out of their owne soile like vnto trees and herbs.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients ii. viii. 161 The Athenians..would seeme to be Autochtones, boasting..that the place of their abode was also the place of their breeding, even as grasse-hoppers come of the earth.

1649 W. Grey Chorographia 1 The Britains were Autochthenes, natives of this Island, for more ancient inhabitants we finde none.

1700 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. iii. i. 85 The Ethiopians..are Natives of the Country.., and are therefore by the general Consent almost of all Men call'd Autochthones.

1789 W. Williams Primitive Hist. iii. 229 Rasen the Tyrrhenian chief..derives his name from Rhys Hên; which proves him to be an Autochthon.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 205 Greek tradition..placed the Pelasgians first in the Peloponnesus as autochthons.

1887 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 116/2 [Alexander Hamilton] was not sprung of old American stock, was not an autochthon of the North American colonies.

1957 Economist 30 Nov. 787/2 When the Polish thaw made emigration again possible, some of these ‘autochthons’ joined the queue.

1996 J. Roach Cities of Dead i. 6 Outsiders will somehow succeed in replacing the original peoples, or autochthons.

2. A person or creature born out of the earth. Also figurative.Frequently with reference to figures of classical mythology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native people > [noun] > person

sonOE

landsmanc1000

natural1509

native1535

homeling1577

indigena1591

originary1594

home-born1600

birth child1609

inbred1625

naturalist1631

autochthon1646

naturalizanta1652

breedling1663

indigene1664

indigenal1722

child (son, etc.) of the soil1814

native-born1814

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 274 There was therefore never any Autochthon, or man arising from the earth but Adam.

1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. v. 145 [They] suppose men to be Autochthones, Intelligent Mushromes.

1837 T. Campbell To Mem. Spanish Patriots ii Ye Are worse than common fiends from Heaven that fell, The baser, ranker sprung, Autochthones of Hell!

1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 147 He loves the earth on which he walks like a true autochthon.

1912 F. M. Bennett Relig. Cults associated with Amazons iv. 55 In pre-historic times Messenia and Laconia seem to have been one country, founded by Lelex, locally known as an autochthon.

1984 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 88 259 Athenian religion possessed two original autochthons, both born from the soil and partly serpentine, Cecrops and Erechtheus.

2001 T. Whitmarsh Greek Lit. & Rom. Empire ii. iii. 175 Favorinus reverses the implications of birth from the soil by ironically assimilating autochthons to mice: to be born from the soil implies not cultural prestige but bestiality.

3. An indigenous plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > native plant(s)

domestic1682

aborigines1839

autochthon1893

endemic1932

1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I Autochthon,..2. An indigenous animal or plant.

1903 Bot. Gaz. 36 195 It is obvious that many difficulties will be encountered in determining whether any local species in question is a relict or an autochthon.

1969 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 56 398 One might well ask why we think that these island endemics are mostly relicts and not island autochthons.

2003 P. E. McGovern Anc. Wine ii. 21 What one really needs to know is whether the wild grapevine is an autochthon.

4. Geology. An autochthonous rock formation (autochthonous adj. 3), esp. a part of a faulted formation that has not been displaced by tectonic forces. Contrasted with allochthon n.In quot. 1895 in predicative use with the sense of autochthonous adj. 3 (after German autochthon: see autochthonous adj.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > formation > by origin in place

authigenesis1888

allochthon1895

autochthon1895

1895 Nature 15 Aug. 374/1 Whether coal is allochthon, i.e. formed from vegetable material deposited elsewhere than on its place of origin; or is autochthon, or formed by the decay of plants in situ.

1927 L. W. Collet Struct. of Alps ii. v. 57 The Autochthon includes the sedimentary cover of the Aiguilles Rouges, Gastern and Erstfeld, as well as the massifs themselves.

1945 J. A. Steers Unstable Earth (ed. 4) iii. 114 Autochthon..refers not only to these nappes folded in situ, but also to the crystalline Hercynian massifs within the Alps.

2007 G. Barreiro et al. in U. Linnemann et al. Evol. Rheic Ocean 318/1 Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician magmatism is widespread in the upper and basal allochthons and also in the autochthon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	autochthon
释义	autochthonn. Brit. /ɔːˈtɒkθ(ə)n/, /ɔːˈtɒkθɒn/, U.S. /ɔˈtɑkθ(ə)n/, /ɔˈtɑkˌθɑn/, /ɑˈtɑkθ(ə)n/, /ɑˈtɑkˌθɑn/ Inflections: Plural autochthones /ɔːˈtɒkθəniːz/, autochthons, autochthoni, (rare) autochthonoi. Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– autocthon, 1500s– autochthon, 1600s autochthen, 1600s autochton. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin autocthōn; Greek αὐτόχθων. Etymology: < classical Latin autocthōn (2nd cent. a.d.) and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτόχθων original inhabitant, native < αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + χθών earth, soil (see chthonic adj.). Compare Middle French, French autochtone (1559 in Amyot's translation of Plutarch; also †autochthone, †autocthone).In sense 4 after French autochtone (1910 or earlier in this sense). In plural form autochthoni after the Latin plural form. In plural form autochthonoi after the Greek plural form. 1. Originally (only in plural): a person indigenous to a particular country or region and traditionally supposed to have been born out of the earth, or to have descended from ancestors born in this way. Hence more generally: an indigenous person; an earliest known inhabitant. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > original inhabitant aborigine?1529 autochthon1579 aborigen1587 native1603 originals1703 aboriginal1749 primitive1779 aboriginary1869 tangata whenua1949 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 2 The first inhabitants which occupied the contrie of Attica, the which were called Autocthones, as much to say, as borne of them selues. 1592 A. Ionas Brief Comm. Island in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) I. 555 The people of Island were autochthones, that is, earth-bred, or bred out of their owne soile like vnto trees and herbs. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients ii. viii. 161 The Athenians..would seeme to be Autochtones, boasting..that the place of their abode was also the place of their breeding, even as grasse-hoppers come of the earth. 1649 W. Grey Chorographia 1 The Britains were Autochthenes, natives of this Island, for more ancient inhabitants we finde none. 1700 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. iii. i. 85 The Ethiopians..are Natives of the Country.., and are therefore by the general Consent almost of all Men call'd Autochthones. 1789 W. Williams Primitive Hist. iii. 229 Rasen the Tyrrhenian chief..derives his name from Rhys Hên; which proves him to be an Autochthon. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 205 Greek tradition..placed the Pelasgians first in the Peloponnesus as autochthons. 1887 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 116/2 [Alexander Hamilton] was not sprung of old American stock, was not an autochthon of the North American colonies. 1957 Economist 30 Nov. 787/2 When the Polish thaw made emigration again possible, some of these ‘autochthons’ joined the queue. 1996 J. Roach Cities of Dead i. 6 Outsiders will somehow succeed in replacing the original peoples, or autochthons. 2. A person or creature born out of the earth. Also figurative.Frequently with reference to figures of classical mythology. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native people > [noun] > person sonOE landsmanc1000 natural1509 native1535 homeling1577 indigena1591 originary1594 home-born1600 birth child1609 inbred1625 naturalist1631 autochthon1646 naturalizanta1652 breedling1663 indigene1664 indigenal1722 child (son, etc.) of the soil1814 native-born1814 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 274 There was therefore never any Autochthon, or man arising from the earth but Adam. View more context for this quotation 1664 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania: 2nd Pt. v. 145 [They] suppose men to be Autochthones, Intelligent Mushromes. 1837 T. Campbell To Mem. Spanish Patriots ii Ye Are worse than common fiends from Heaven that fell, The baser, ranker sprung, Autochthones of Hell! 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 147 He loves the earth on which he walks like a true autochthon. 1912 F. M. Bennett Relig. Cults associated with Amazons iv. 55 In pre-historic times Messenia and Laconia seem to have been one country, founded by Lelex, locally known as an autochthon. 1984 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 88 259 Athenian religion possessed two original autochthons, both born from the soil and partly serpentine, Cecrops and Erechtheus. 2001 T. Whitmarsh Greek Lit. & Rom. Empire ii. iii. 175 Favorinus reverses the implications of birth from the soil by ironically assimilating autochthons to mice: to be born from the soil implies not cultural prestige but bestiality. 3. An indigenous plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > native plant(s) domestic1682 aborigines1839 autochthon1893 endemic1932 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I Autochthon,..2. An indigenous animal or plant. 1903 Bot. Gaz. 36 195 It is obvious that many difficulties will be encountered in determining whether any local species in question is a relict or an autochthon. 1969 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 56 398 One might well ask why we think that these island endemics are mostly relicts and not island autochthons. 2003 P. E. McGovern Anc. Wine ii. 21 What one really needs to know is whether the wild grapevine is an autochthon. 4. Geology. An autochthonous rock formation (autochthonous adj. 3), esp. a part of a faulted formation that has not been displaced by tectonic forces. Contrasted with allochthon n.In quot. 1895 in predicative use with the sense of autochthonous adj. 3 (after German autochthon: see autochthonous adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > formation > by origin in place authigenesis1888 allochthon1895 autochthon1895 1895 Nature 15 Aug. 374/1 Whether coal is allochthon, i.e. formed from vegetable material deposited elsewhere than on its place of origin; or is autochthon, or formed by the decay of plants in situ. 1927 L. W. Collet Struct. of Alps ii. v. 57 The Autochthon includes the sedimentary cover of the Aiguilles Rouges, Gastern and Erstfeld, as well as the massifs themselves. 1945 J. A. Steers Unstable Earth (ed. 4) iii. 114 Autochthon..refers not only to these nappes folded in situ, but also to the crystalline Hercynian massifs within the Alps. 2007 G. Barreiro et al. in U. Linnemann et al. Evol. Rheic Ocean 318/1 Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician magmatism is widespread in the upper and basal allochthons and also in the autochthon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1579
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