autocracyn.

Brit.

/ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/, U.S.

/ɔˈtɑkrəsi/,

/ɑˈtɑkrəsi/

Forms: 1600s autocratie, 1600s autocraty, 1600s–1800s autocrasy, 1600s– autocracy.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Greek αὐτοκράτεια ; auto- comb. form¹, -cracy comb. form.

Etymology: Originally < ancient Greek αὐτοκράτεια power over oneself < αὐτοκρατής (see autocrat n.) + -εια -y suffix³. In later use (in sense 2 and later senses) < auto- comb. form¹ + -cracy comb. form. In sense 2b after French autocratie (a1791). In sense 4 after German Autokratie (1833 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1849; 1795 in sense 2b).

†1. A state or quality of self-sufficiency. Also: power over oneself; self-control. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > power > [noun] > sole or independent power

autocracy1655

solipotence1855

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 121 The king of Sweden..had prospered to an autocracy, a self-subsistence, and so needed no participants..in the hazard.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xxiii. 227 He's but a novice in the Art of Autocrasy, that cannot castigate his passions in reference to those presumptions.

1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud 105/2 Those Captives..have no more to plead the efficacy of it.., than the Autocracy of their own Wills managed by themselves.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VIII. x. 285 It [sc. the Divine Will] moves not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Autocrasy, independent power.

a. Absolute power of government. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > supreme authority

sovereigntyc1374

thronea1382

chiefnessc1420

superiority1449

suzeraintyc1470

sovereignness1532

supremity1536

supremacy1547

monarchy1585

autocracy1659

paramountcy1667

sovranty1667

paramountship1735

sovereignship1817

eminent domain1850

overmastery1901

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > tyranny, despotism, or autocracy

tyrannyc1374

tyrandisea1387

tyrannity1535

absoluteness1574

tyrannism1591

Nimrodizing1605

will government1644

autocracy1659

autarchy1665

Neronism1670

despotism1728

sultanism1821

absolutism1824

autocratism1833

despotocracya1860

tyrannis1878

tyrantship1885

1659 P. Heylyn Certamen Epistolare 233 The absoluteness or Autocraty of Kings [of Sparta] (if I may so call it) depending not upon the greatness of their revenues..but only in their form of Government.

1716 Treat. pursuing Distinction between Eccl. & Civil Powers Contents §vii The pretended Autocracy and Monarchy of the Church of Rome.

1764 Crit. Rev. Mar. 213 The autocracy of the English crown.

1801 E. Gerry Let. 20 Jan. in T. Jefferson Papers (2005) XXXII. 489 The expence and extensive operation of an immense naval establishment..might make us..the victim of our own ‘autocrasy’.

1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire V. xlviii. 418 Caius..had inherited his autocracy.

1905 ‘C. Joubert’ Truth about Tsar xvi. 195 Nicholas Alexandrovitch, maddened by a superstitious delusion that his autocracy contains an element of the divine, clings tenaciously to the reactionary policies of his ancestors.

1981 G. E. M. De Sainte Croix Class Struggle in Anc. Greek World vi. 402 To the Byzantines the emperor's autocracy was..a theostėrikton kratos, a power whose foundation is God himself.

2005 D. K. Kim Hist. Korea 74 There was enough freedom..for debate and criticism on policies to curb the king's autocracy.

b. (A system of) government by one person with absolute power; a state, society, etc., governed in this way. Also figurative.Frequently with reference to Russia and the former Soviet Union; cf. autocrat n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] > collectively

dictature1744

autocracy1795

1795 tr. L. S. Mercier Fragm. Politics & Hist. I. 90 The words monarchy, democracy, aristocracy, autocracy [Fr. autocratie], republic, ought not to mislead our reasoning.

1839 Parbury's Oriental Herald 4 174 Praun Baboo and Pertaub Chund, twin-brothers and hereditary aspirants to the Autocracy of the Punjab.

1854 Westm. Rev. Jan. 122/2 The inextinguishable fires in which Greek churches and Russian autocracies are destined to perish.

1905 Smart Set Sept. 125 Of all the fish that swim or swish In ocean's deep autocracy There's none possess such haughtiness As the codfish aristocracy.

1945 A. Koestler Yogi & Commissar iii. iii. 201 Soviet Russia is a State-Capitalistic totalitarian autocracy.

1970 E. B. Haas Human Rights & Internat. Action ii. 40 A modernizing autocracy is a regime headed and dominated by a traditional ruler..who is determined to cajole his subjects into modernity.

2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Dec. 96/3 Saddam Hussein and the autocracy he ruled were the product of a dysfunctional politics, not the cause of it.

3. More generally: the controlling authority or influence of one person or group of people over another.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > superior or predominant

surmouncya1400

overtyc1443

overlaikc1450

owerance1552

superiorities1558

hegemony1567

superordination1619

regnancy1650

uppermost1718

autocracy1774

dominance1823

dominancy1841

1774 W. Parker Some Acct. State of Relig. London ii. 21 Besides these congregations..are those under the care and autocracy of the Rev. Mr. W—y.

1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. ii. 36 The autocracy of philosophic bodies.

1887 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Oct. 590 Anyone who knew Lady Harcourt at that time would not have wondered at her autocracy.

1930 H. G. Wells (title) Autocracy of Mr. Parham.

1961 Times 27 Dec. 13/3 Ronald brought a touch of personal autocracy inherited from his parent, Sir Henry Horton.

2002 J. Purvis E. Pankhurst xix. 282 She had always declared..that her own autocracy was only justified by the consent of the members.

4. Homeopathy. Hahnemann's name for: a controlling influence exerted by spiritual or vital force within the healthy body. rare. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1849 R. E. Dudgeon tr. S. Hahnemann Organon of Med. 115 In the healthy condition of man, the spiritual vital force (autocracy) [Ger. Autokratie], the dynamis that animates the material body (organism) rules with unbounded sway.

1890 Jrnl. Homœopathics 1 27/1 The conception of autocracy in the life-force does not harmonize with the conception Hahnemann had at other times.

2005 A. Jayasuriya Clin. Homoeopathy (new ed.) vii. 48 The autocracy and superiority of the vital force is explained by an exquisite allegory.

Phrases

P1.

autocracy of all the Russias n. rare (a title for) a Russian tsar; the fact or position of being Autocrat of all the Russias (see autocrat n. 1).

ΚΠ

1749 R. Rolt Impartial Representation Conduct Powers Europe I. ii. iii. 248 Princess Elizabeth..was immediately declared empress and autocracy of all the Russias.

1857 Irish Lit. Gaz. 17 Oct. 187/1 The autocracy of all the Russias passes down from father to son.

1905 Cosmopolitan May 110 Alexis Nikolaivitch heir to the empire and autocracy of all the Russias.

P2.

autocracy of the people n. now rare self-government; = autonomy n. 1a; (also) a self-governed state or society.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > autonomy > [noun]

autonomy1591

self-governing1619

self-government1647

self-rulea1683

autarchy1691

autocracy of the people1792

self-management1809

self-control1812

self-governance1848

Home Rule1858

autonomism1867

merdeka1947

1792 Earl of Buchan Ess. Lives & Writings Fletcher & Thomson 214 A free constitution of government, or what I would beg leave to call the autocracy of the people, is the panacea of moral diseases.

1800 J. Barlow Lett. from Paris, to Citizens U.S.A. ii. 52 Pure democracy, or the immediate autocracy of the people, is unfit for a great state.

1887 Bk. News (Philadelphia) Sept. 29/1 New York has become a city of absolute Communism, and the author depicts the oppression of an autocracy of the people.

1920 G. S. Lee Ghost in White House i. viii. 31 Democracy is autocracy of the people, for the people, by the people—that is, by the people in spirit to their representatives who express their spirit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	autocracy
释义	autocracyn. Brit. /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/, U.S. /ɔˈtɑkrəsi/, /ɑˈtɑkrəsi/ Forms: 1600s autocratie, 1600s autocraty, 1600s–1800s autocrasy, 1600s– autocracy. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Greek αὐτοκράτεια ; auto- comb. form¹, -cracy comb. form. Etymology: Originally < ancient Greek αὐτοκράτεια power over oneself < αὐτοκρατής (see autocrat n.) + -εια -y suffix³. In later use (in sense 2 and later senses) < auto- comb. form¹ + -cracy comb. form. In sense 2b after French autocratie (a1791). In sense 4 after German Autokratie (1833 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. 1849; 1795 in sense 2b). †1. A state or quality of self-sufficiency. Also: power over oneself; self-control. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > [noun] > sole or independent power autocracy1655 solipotence1855 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 121 The king of Sweden..had prospered to an autocracy, a self-subsistence, and so needed no participants..in the hazard. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xxiii. 227 He's but a novice in the Art of Autocrasy, that cannot castigate his passions in reference to those presumptions. 1699 T. Edwards Paraselene dismantled of her Cloud 105/2 Those Captives..have no more to plead the efficacy of it.., than the Autocracy of their own Wills managed by themselves. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VIII. x. 285 It [sc. the Divine Will] moves not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Autocrasy, independent power. 2. a. Absolute power of government. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > supreme authority sovereigntyc1374 thronea1382 chiefnessc1420 superiority1449 suzeraintyc1470 sovereignness1532 supremity1536 supremacy1547 monarchy1585 autocracy1659 paramountcy1667 sovranty1667 paramountship1735 sovereignship1817 eminent domain1850 overmastery1901 society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > tyranny, despotism, or autocracy tyrannyc1374 tyrandisea1387 tyrannity1535 absoluteness1574 tyrannism1591 Nimrodizing1605 will government1644 autocracy1659 autarchy1665 Neronism1670 despotism1728 sultanism1821 absolutism1824 autocratism1833 despotocracya1860 tyrannis1878 tyrantship1885 1659 P. Heylyn Certamen Epistolare 233 The absoluteness or Autocraty of Kings [of Sparta] (if I may so call it) depending not upon the greatness of their revenues..but only in their form of Government. 1716 Treat. pursuing Distinction between Eccl. & Civil Powers Contents §vii The pretended Autocracy and Monarchy of the Church of Rome. 1764 Crit. Rev. Mar. 213 The autocracy of the English crown. 1801 E. Gerry Let. 20 Jan. in T. Jefferson Papers (2005) XXXII. 489 The expence and extensive operation of an immense naval establishment..might make us..the victim of our own ‘autocrasy’. 1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire V. xlviii. 418 Caius..had inherited his autocracy. 1905 ‘C. Joubert’ Truth about Tsar xvi. 195 Nicholas Alexandrovitch, maddened by a superstitious delusion that his autocracy contains an element of the divine, clings tenaciously to the reactionary policies of his ancestors. 1981 G. E. M. De Sainte Croix Class Struggle in Anc. Greek World vi. 402 To the Byzantines the emperor's autocracy was..a theostėrikton kratos, a power whose foundation is God himself. 2005 D. K. Kim Hist. Korea 74 There was enough freedom..for debate and criticism on policies to curb the king's autocracy. b. (A system of) government by one person with absolute power; a state, society, etc., governed in this way. Also figurative.Frequently with reference to Russia and the former Soviet Union; cf. autocrat n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] > collectively dictature1744 autocracy1795 1795 tr. L. S. Mercier Fragm. Politics & Hist. I. 90 The words monarchy, democracy, aristocracy, autocracy [Fr. autocratie], republic, ought not to mislead our reasoning. 1839 Parbury's Oriental Herald 4 174 Praun Baboo and Pertaub Chund, twin-brothers and hereditary aspirants to the Autocracy of the Punjab. 1854 Westm. Rev. Jan. 122/2 The inextinguishable fires in which Greek churches and Russian autocracies are destined to perish. 1905 Smart Set Sept. 125 Of all the fish that swim or swish In ocean's deep autocracy There's none possess such haughtiness As the codfish aristocracy. 1945 A. Koestler Yogi & Commissar iii. iii. 201 Soviet Russia is a State-Capitalistic totalitarian autocracy. 1970 E. B. Haas Human Rights & Internat. Action ii. 40 A modernizing autocracy is a regime headed and dominated by a traditional ruler..who is determined to cajole his subjects into modernity. 2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Dec. 96/3 Saddam Hussein and the autocracy he ruled were the product of a dysfunctional politics, not the cause of it. 3. More generally: the controlling authority or influence of one person or group of people over another. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > superior or predominant surmouncya1400 overtyc1443 overlaikc1450 owerance1552 superiorities1558 hegemony1567 superordination1619 regnancy1650 uppermost1718 autocracy1774 dominance1823 dominancy1841 1774 W. Parker Some Acct. State of Relig. London ii. 21 Besides these congregations..are those under the care and autocracy of the Rev. Mr. W—y. 1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. ii. 36 The autocracy of philosophic bodies. 1887 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Oct. 590 Anyone who knew Lady Harcourt at that time would not have wondered at her autocracy. 1930 H. G. Wells (title) Autocracy of Mr. Parham. 1961 Times 27 Dec. 13/3 Ronald brought a touch of personal autocracy inherited from his parent, Sir Henry Horton. 2002 J. Purvis E. Pankhurst xix. 282 She had always declared..that her own autocracy was only justified by the consent of the members. 4. Homeopathy. Hahnemann's name for: a controlling influence exerted by spiritual or vital force within the healthy body. rare. Now historical. ΚΠ 1849 R. E. Dudgeon tr. S. Hahnemann Organon of Med. 115 In the healthy condition of man, the spiritual vital force (autocracy) [Ger. Autokratie], the dynamis that animates the material body (organism) rules with unbounded sway. 1890 Jrnl. Homœopathics 1 27/1 The conception of autocracy in the life-force does not harmonize with the conception Hahnemann had at other times. 2005 A. Jayasuriya Clin. Homoeopathy (new ed.) vii. 48 The autocracy and superiority of the vital force is explained by an exquisite allegory. Phrases P1. autocracy of all the Russias n. rare (a title for) a Russian tsar; the fact or position of being Autocrat of all the Russias (see autocrat n. 1). ΚΠ 1749 R. Rolt Impartial Representation Conduct Powers Europe I. ii. iii. 248 Princess Elizabeth..was immediately declared empress and autocracy of all the Russias. 1857 Irish Lit. Gaz. 17 Oct. 187/1 The autocracy of all the Russias passes down from father to son. 1905 Cosmopolitan May 110 Alexis Nikolaivitch heir to the empire and autocracy of all the Russias. P2. autocracy of the people n. now rare self-government; = autonomy n. 1a; (also) a self-governed state or society. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > autonomy > [noun] autonomy1591 self-governing1619 self-government1647 self-rulea1683 autarchy1691 autocracy of the people1792 self-management1809 self-control1812 self-governance1848 Home Rule1858 autonomism1867 merdeka1947 1792 Earl of Buchan Ess. Lives & Writings Fletcher & Thomson 214 A free constitution of government, or what I would beg leave to call the autocracy of the people, is the panacea of moral diseases. 1800 J. Barlow Lett. from Paris, to Citizens U.S.A. ii. 52 Pure democracy, or the immediate autocracy of the people, is unfit for a great state. 1887 Bk. News (Philadelphia) Sept. 29/1 New York has become a city of absolute Communism, and the author depicts the oppression of an autocracy of the people. 1920 G. S. Lee Ghost in White House i. viii. 31 Democracy is autocracy of the people, for the people, by the people—that is, by the people in spirit to their representatives who express their spirit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1655
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