lightlessadj.

Brit.

/ˈlʌɪtlᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈlaɪtlᵻs/

Forms: see light n.¹ and -less suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: light n.¹, -less suffix.

Etymology: < light n.¹ + -less suffix.Compare Middle High German liehtlōs (German lichtlos).

a. Receiving no light; dark.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective]

blinda1000

darkOE

lightlessOE

murkOE

therka1325

murkfula1400

unsheena1400

tenebrousc1420

tenebrose1490

tenebrate1492

sable?a1513

unlightsome1574

tenebrious1594

blindfold1601

Stygian1602

dayless1657

unenlightened1662

darklinga1718

rayless1727

tenebrific1786

twinkless1830

transdiurnal1848

glimmerless1889

gleamless1891

unlightened1896

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 291 He..sæde þæt he wære gelæd to leohtleasre stowe, and swærlice geswenct, on sweartum witum.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 6819 For-þi þat helle es ay lightles, It es cald þe land of myrkenes.

a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 38 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 74 Many freres..better knowen liȝtles her doctours & her bible Þan he can rede his troper bi a long torche.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2 Such Deuils steale effects from lightlesse Hell.

1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 2 A man, from his birth confined in a dungeon or lightlesse Caue.

1819 G. Crabbe Tales of Hall I. iii. 50 A lightless closet, in a room Hired at small rate.

1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 216 Not in her most ponderous and lightless masses will nature ever leave us without some evidence of transmitted sunshine.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise i. 410 Into some nigh lightless prison cast.

1984 E. Hoagland Balancing Acts (1992) 50 The long, lightless winter.

2010 Spectator (Nexis) 18 Dec. 63 Life in the lightless depths of the oceans.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Unenlightened; gloomy, hopeless.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective]

ungladc888

wearyc888

drearyc1000

dreary-moodOE

heavyc1000

unmerryOE

droopy?c1225

mournc1275

sada1300

languishinga1325

amayedc1330

matec1330

unlightc1330

unblissful1340

lowa1382

mishappyc1390

dullc1393

elengely1393

droopinga1400

heavy-hearteda1400

joylessa1400

sytefula1400

mornifc1400

tristy?c1400

lightless?1406

heartlessa1413

tristc1420

amatec1425

languoring?c1425

mirthlessc1430

heavisome1435

darkc1440

gloomingc1440

comfortlessc1460

amateda1470

chermatc1475

tristfula1492

lustless?1507

dolorous1513

ruthful1513

downcast1521

deject1528

heartsicka1529

lumpisha1535

coolc1540

dowlyc1540

glum1547

discouraged1548

uncheerfulc1555

dumpish1560

out of heart1565

sadded1566

amoped1573

tristive1578

desolated1580

dejected1581

à la mort1586

delightless1589

afflicted1590

gladless1590

groanful1590

gloomya1593

muddy1592

sitheful1592

cloudy1594

leaden-hearted1596

disconsolated1598

clum1599

life-weary1599

spiritless1600

dusky1602

chop-fallen1604

flat1604

disanimated1605

jaw-fallen1605

moped1606

chap-fallen1608

decheerful1608

uncheerful1612

lacklustrea1616

pulled1616

dumpya1618

depressed1621

head-hung1632

grum1640

downa1644

dispirited1647

down-at-mouth1649

down in (rarely of) the mouth1649

unhearted1650

sunlessa1658

sadful1658

unlightened1659

chagrin1665

saddened1665

damp1667

moping1674

desponding1688

tristitious1694

unenjoying1697

unraised1697

unheartya1699

unked1698

despondent1699

dismal1705

unjoyful1709

unrejoiced1714

dreara1717

disheartened1720

mumpish1721

unrejoicing1726

downhearted1742

out of spirits1745

chagrineda1754

low-spirited1753

sombrea1767

black-blooded1771

glumpy1780

oorie1787

sombrous1789

morose1791

Novemberish1793

glumpish1800

mopeful1800

die-away1802

blue-devilish1804

blue-devilled1807

malagrugrous1818

down in the hip1826

yonderly1828

sunshineless1831

downfaced1832

broody1851

in a (or the) trough1856

blue-devilly1871

drooped1873

glummy1884

pippy1886

humpy1889

pipped1914

lousy1933

pissed1943

crappy1956

doomy1961

bummed1970

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > intellectual ignorance > [adjective]

thestera900

thestria900

blindc1000

darkc1350

lightless?1406

obscurea1500

mistya1522

blinded1535

unilluminated1579

unlightened1587

stone-blind1596

endarkened1612

dark1628

benighted1637

unenlightened1650

bedarkened1655

unirradiated1792

darkened1856

?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 88 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 61/2 (MED) Youthe..thow sore shalt repente Thy lightlees wittes dull of reson derke!

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvi Thynke on his disease, how lyghtles he lyueth, sithe the beames brennende in loue of thyn eyen arn so be went.

1790 R. Merry Laurel of Liberty (ed. 2) 13 All..who drew their profit from the lightless crowd.

1999 Independent (Nexis) 26 Jan. 52 The same process took my father down, into a lightless world of alcoholic oblivion.

2. Giving or shedding no light.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > unilluminated or unilluminating

darkOE

lightlessa1398

unlighted?1574

shady1605

beamless1679

unshining1682

unluminous1754

unlit1787

unillumed1796

unilluminated1824

unillumined1826

unsunned1838

unlitten1867

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. viii. 1278 In a clere body þat is termyned, presence of light makeþ white colour, and his absence makeþ blak colour and dymme, so þat somwhat of light schyne þerinne, so þat it be nouȝt al lightles.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 4729 Þe son sal be turned in-til mirknes, And þe mone in-til blode, and be lyghtles.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. B1 Lust-breathed Tarqvin..to Colatium beares the lightlesse fire.

1639 S. Rutherford Lett. (1848) cclxxxviii. 585 O dim, and dark, and lightless sun.

1809 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 27 456 Earth is but earth a dull and lightless body.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 130 There will be..the lightless fire, retaining in darkness the power to burn, but reft of its rays.

1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 43 The almost lightless flame of a Bunsen's burner.

2010 New Scientist (Nexis) 17 Apr. Philip Lucas..and his colleagues detected the lightless star, named UGPS 0722-05, from this infrared radiation.

3. Blind, sightless.

ΚΠ

1638 R. Brathwait Psalmes of David cxlv. 286 The Lord gives light to lightlesse eies, restores the blind to sight: The Lord erects that crooked lies, the Lord the Just loves right.

1877 J. S. Blackie Wise Men Greece 102 An owl, a bat, Blindworm, or mole, or any lightless thing.

2001 Independent 6 Jan. (Time Off section) 5/4 His eyes open yet lightless.

4. Lacking (artificial, esp. electric) lighting; having no lights turned on.

ΚΠ

1891 Cycling 3 Oct. 164/3 The list of casualties caused by lightless vehicles at night.

1906 Daily Chron. 18 May 6/6 His undetected offence of riding a lightless bicycle after dark.

1947 D. Thomas Let. 24 Sept. (1987) 659 A new house: a fiveroomed cottage, lightless, waterless.

2014 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 15 Mar. (City section) 10 Cars trying to pull out here frequently had to stop halfway out on to the main road as lightless cars appeared out of the mist.

Derivatives

ˈlightlessness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun]

thesternessc888

thesterc897

murkOE

theosterleykc1000

darkc1300

darkheadc1300

murknessa1325

therknessa1325

darknessc1350

tenebres1413

tenebrousa1450

obscurity1481

tenebrosity1490

obscureness1509

dern?a1513

sable?a1513

darksomeness1571

fuliginousness1576

darkishness1583

murksomeness1625

obscure1667

soot1789

tenebrity1789

nightness1839

raylessness1843

lightlessness1845

darkling1882

unlight1883

1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 525/2 The lightlessness is feelingly placed where the chief light should be.

1892 W. E. Henley London Voluntaries in Song of Sword iii. 16 By a jealous lightlessness oppressed.

2003 J. Kogawa Rain Ascends ii. 20 We follow him into the caverns, into lightlessness, into the cold, slippery underground.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	lightless
释义	lightlessadj. Brit. /ˈlʌɪtlᵻs/, U.S. /ˈlaɪtlᵻs/ Forms: see light n.¹ and -less suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: light n.¹, -less suffix. Etymology: < light n.¹ + -less suffix.Compare Middle High German liehtlōs (German lichtlos). 1. a. Receiving no light; dark. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] blinda1000 darkOE lightlessOE murkOE therka1325 murkfula1400 unsheena1400 tenebrousc1420 tenebrose1490 tenebrate1492 sable?a1513 unlightsome1574 tenebrious1594 blindfold1601 Stygian1602 dayless1657 unenlightened1662 darklinga1718 rayless1727 tenebrific1786 twinkless1830 transdiurnal1848 glimmerless1889 gleamless1891 unlightened1896 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 291 He..sæde þæt he wære gelæd to leohtleasre stowe, and swærlice geswenct, on sweartum witum. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 6819 For-þi þat helle es ay lightles, It es cald þe land of myrkenes. a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 38 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 74 Many freres..better knowen liȝtles her doctours & her bible Þan he can rede his troper bi a long torche. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2 Such Deuils steale effects from lightlesse Hell. View more context for this quotation 1601 W. Parry New Disc. Trauels Sir A. Sherley 2 A man, from his birth confined in a dungeon or lightlesse Caue. 1819 G. Crabbe Tales of Hall I. iii. 50 A lightless closet, in a room Hired at small rate. 1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 216 Not in her most ponderous and lightless masses will nature ever leave us without some evidence of transmitted sunshine. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise i. 410 Into some nigh lightless prison cast. 1984 E. Hoagland Balancing Acts (1992) 50 The long, lightless winter. 2010 Spectator (Nexis) 18 Dec. 63 Life in the lightless depths of the oceans. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. Unenlightened; gloomy, hopeless. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] ungladc888 wearyc888 drearyc1000 dreary-moodOE heavyc1000 unmerryOE droopy?c1225 mournc1275 sada1300 languishinga1325 amayedc1330 matec1330 unlightc1330 unblissful1340 lowa1382 mishappyc1390 dullc1393 elengely1393 droopinga1400 heavy-hearteda1400 joylessa1400 sytefula1400 mornifc1400 tristy?c1400 lightless?1406 heartlessa1413 tristc1420 amatec1425 languoring?c1425 mirthlessc1430 heavisome1435 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 comfortlessc1460 amateda1470 chermatc1475 tristfula1492 lustless?1507 dolorous1513 ruthful1513 downcast1521 deject1528 heartsicka1529 lumpisha1535 coolc1540 dowlyc1540 glum1547 discouraged1548 uncheerfulc1555 dumpish1560 out of heart1565 sadded1566 amoped1573 tristive1578 desolated1580 dejected1581 à la mort1586 delightless1589 afflicted1590 gladless1590 groanful1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 sitheful1592 cloudy1594 leaden-hearted1596 disconsolated1598 clum1599 life-weary1599 spiritless1600 dusky1602 chop-fallen1604 flat1604 disanimated1605 jaw-fallen1605 moped1606 chap-fallen1608 decheerful1608 uncheerful1612 lacklustrea1616 pulled1616 dumpya1618 depressed1621 head-hung1632 grum1640 downa1644 dispirited1647 down-at-mouth1649 down in (rarely of) the mouth1649 unhearted1650 sunlessa1658 sadful1658 unlightened1659 chagrin1665 saddened1665 damp1667 moping1674 desponding1688 tristitious1694 unenjoying1697 unraised1697 unheartya1699 unked1698 despondent1699 dismal1705 unjoyful1709 unrejoiced1714 dreara1717 disheartened1720 mumpish1721 unrejoicing1726 downhearted1742 out of spirits1745 chagrineda1754 low-spirited1753 sombrea1767 black-blooded1771 glumpy1780 oorie1787 sombrous1789 morose1791 Novemberish1793 glumpish1800 mopeful1800 die-away1802 blue-devilish1804 blue-devilled1807 malagrugrous1818 down in the hip1826 yonderly1828 sunshineless1831 downfaced1832 broody1851 in a (or the) trough1856 blue-devilly1871 drooped1873 glummy1884 pippy1886 humpy1889 pipped1914 lousy1933 pissed1943 crappy1956 doomy1961 bummed1970 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > intellectual ignorance > [adjective] thestera900 thestria900 blindc1000 darkc1350 lightless?1406 obscurea1500 mistya1522 blinded1535 unilluminated1579 unlightened1587 stone-blind1596 endarkened1612 dark1628 benighted1637 unenlightened1650 bedarkened1655 unirradiated1792 darkened1856 ?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 88 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 61/2 (MED) Youthe..thow sore shalt repente Thy lightlees wittes dull of reson derke! 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvi Thynke on his disease, how lyghtles he lyueth, sithe the beames brennende in loue of thyn eyen arn so be went. 1790 R. Merry Laurel of Liberty (ed. 2) 13 All..who drew their profit from the lightless crowd. 1999 Independent (Nexis) 26 Jan. 52 The same process took my father down, into a lightless world of alcoholic oblivion. 2. Giving or shedding no light. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > unilluminated or unilluminating darkOE lightlessa1398 unlighted?1574 shady1605 beamless1679 unshining1682 unluminous1754 unlit1787 unillumed1796 unilluminated1824 unillumined1826 unsunned1838 unlitten1867 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. viii. 1278 In a clere body þat is termyned, presence of light makeþ white colour, and his absence makeþ blak colour and dymme, so þat somwhat of light schyne þerinne, so þat it be nouȝt al lightles. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 4729 Þe son sal be turned in-til mirknes, And þe mone in-til blode, and be lyghtles. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. B1 Lust-breathed Tarqvin..to Colatium beares the lightlesse fire. View more context for this quotation 1639 S. Rutherford Lett. (1848) cclxxxviii. 585 O dim, and dark, and lightless sun. 1809 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 27 456 Earth is but earth a dull and lightless body. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 130 There will be..the lightless fire, retaining in darkness the power to burn, but reft of its rays. 1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 43 The almost lightless flame of a Bunsen's burner. 2010 New Scientist (Nexis) 17 Apr. Philip Lucas..and his colleagues detected the lightless star, named UGPS 0722-05, from this infrared radiation. 3. Blind, sightless. ΚΠ 1638 R. Brathwait Psalmes of David cxlv. 286 The Lord gives light to lightlesse eies, restores the blind to sight: The Lord erects that crooked lies, the Lord the Just loves right. 1877 J. S. Blackie Wise Men Greece 102 An owl, a bat, Blindworm, or mole, or any lightless thing. 2001 Independent 6 Jan. (Time Off section) 5/4 His eyes open yet lightless. 4. Lacking (artificial, esp. electric) lighting; having no lights turned on. ΚΠ 1891 Cycling 3 Oct. 164/3 The list of casualties caused by lightless vehicles at night. 1906 Daily Chron. 18 May 6/6 His undetected offence of riding a lightless bicycle after dark. 1947 D. Thomas Let. 24 Sept. (1987) 659 A new house: a fiveroomed cottage, lightless, waterless. 2014 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 15 Mar. (City section) 10 Cars trying to pull out here frequently had to stop halfway out on to the main road as lightless cars appeared out of the mist. Derivatives ˈlightlessness n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] thesternessc888 thesterc897 murkOE theosterleykc1000 darkc1300 darkheadc1300 murknessa1325 therknessa1325 darknessc1350 tenebres1413 tenebrousa1450 obscurity1481 tenebrosity1490 obscureness1509 dern?a1513 sable?a1513 darksomeness1571 fuliginousness1576 darkishness1583 murksomeness1625 obscure1667 soot1789 tenebrity1789 nightness1839 raylessness1843 lightlessness1845 darkling1882 unlight1883 1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 525/2 The lightlessness is feelingly placed where the chief light should be. 1892 W. E. Henley London Voluntaries in Song of Sword iii. 16 By a jealous lightlessness oppressed. 2003 J. Kogawa Rain Ascends ii. 20 We follow him into the caverns, into lightlessness, into the cold, slippery underground. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.OE
随便看	etc on the back foot etc on the bad side of a person etc on the defensive etc on the good side of a person etc on the heartstrings etc on the offensive etc on the parish etc on the raw etc on the right side of someone etc on the run etc on the wrong side of a person etc on to see etc on to something by one's fingernails etc on to something by one's fingertips etc on which side one's bread is buttered etc one another etc one's blue etc one's breath to cool one'one's own porridge etc one's breath to cool one's porridge etc one's cabbage twice etc one's cookies etc one's daylights out etc one's eyeball on etc one's eyes out etc one's fair share