lightsn.

Brit.

/lʌɪts/, U.S.

/laɪts/

Forms:

α. (In plural form) early Middle English lihte, Middle English liȝtes, Middle English lyȝtez, Middle English–1500s lightes, Middle English–1500s lightis, Middle English–1500s lightys, Middle English–1500s lyghtes, 1500s lethes, 1500s lyghts, 1500s– lights, 1500s– lites; English regional (chiefly northern) 1800s leyghts, 1800s loights, 1800s– leets; also Scottish pre-1700 lichtis, pre-1700 lighs, pre-1700 lychtes, pre-1700 lychtis, 1800s– lichts.

β. (In singular form) late Middle English liȝt, 1500s licht (Scottish).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: light adj.¹

Etymology: Specific use as noun of the plural of light adj.¹, so called because the lungs are distinguished from the other internal organs by their lightness in weight (compare the similar semantic motivation shown ultimately by lung n.).The early Middle English form lihte at α. forms shows an (originally adjectival) plural in -e.

With plural agreement. The lungs; (in later use) spec. the lungs from an animal's carcass, used as food (for people or animals).In early use occasionally in singular: a lung.rising of the lights: see rising n. Phrases.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > lungs

lungc1000

lightsc1225

pomounc1400

windbag1552

pulme1553

poulme1561

poulmon1561

bellows1614

airbag1782

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > lungs

lightsc1225

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. C) l. 48 Þine þermes..lifre and þine lihte.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 498 Þe left schulder ȝaf he, Wiþ hert, liuer and liȝtes And blod tille his quirre.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1360 (MED) Vpon a felle of þe fayre best fede þay þayr houndes Wyth þe lyuer & þe lyȝtez.

a1475 tr. Gilbertus Anglicus Pharmaceutical Writings (Wellcome) (1991) 84 (MED) If in þe nose-bleding þe lyuer or þe liȝt swelleþ, or if aftir þe staunching of þe blood þe body is infecte with ȝelow spottis, it is a token of deeþ.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xli. 711 Bitter Almondes doo open the stopping of the lunges or lightes.

1665 A. Wood Life 12 May The lights of a bullock or yong oxe.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xliii. 94 The Difficulty of Breathing shews the Lights [to be affected].

1712 J. Moncrief Tippermalluch's Receipts 82 The Liver, Lights, Reins, privy Members of a Male Goat chopped all together, and made in a Pudding.

1797 London Compl. Art Cookery 133 To dress a Calf's Pluck. Boil the lights and part of the liver.

1814 W. Tennant Anster Fair (ed. 2) v. iii. 158 His [sc. a piper] breath had not suffic'd to twang it out, So did the poor man's lights puff, pant and jump.

1868 C. H. Ross Bk. Cats xi. 217 Almost all Cats are passionately fond of lights, particularly as they grow old.

1930 F. Woodhull in J. F. Dobie Man, Bird & Beast i. 67 To cure stammering, get child near animal that is being butchered—hog, cow, anything,—and as soon as the lights are cut out rub them vigorously in child's face, particularly about the mouth.

1974 New Scientist 29 Aug. 511/2 Haggis, using lights and offals, is an obvious example.

2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. ix. 188 Outside of ethnic communities, raw fresh lights barely feature in the modern butcher's shop.

Phrases

colloquial. to scare (also beat, etc.) the (liver and) lights out of (a person or thing): to scare, beat, etc., (a person or thing) to an excessive or violent degree.In later use perhaps sometimes associated with light n.¹; cf. Phrases 7b at that entry and also daylight n. Phrases 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > frighten [verb (transitive)] > greatly

to scare (also beat, etc.) the (liver and) lights out of (a person or thing)1868

to beat (also bore, scare, etc.) the pants off (a person)1925

1868 Shamrock 22 Aug. 783/1 He swore if he ever caught me talking to his daughter again he would ‘kick the liver and lights out of me’.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxix. 259 It most scared the livers and lights out of me.

1956 E. Pound tr. Sophocles Women of Trachis 18 You might start by questioning Likhas, scare the lights out of him, and he might tell you.

1970 T. Fall Ordeal of Running Standing iii. xxx. 246 You've been setting me up and I am going to beat the liver and lights out of you, right now.

2015 G. Amateau Dante of Maury River xxv. 138 She'd hardly cooled down from her race when the fireworks finale went up and scared the lights out of that big bay filly.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lights
释义	lightsn. Brit. /lʌɪts/, U.S. /laɪts/ Forms: α. (In plural form) early Middle English lihte, Middle English liȝtes, Middle English lyȝtez, Middle English–1500s lightes, Middle English–1500s lightis, Middle English–1500s lightys, Middle English–1500s lyghtes, 1500s lethes, 1500s lyghts, 1500s– lights, 1500s– lites; English regional (chiefly northern) 1800s leyghts, 1800s loights, 1800s– leets; also Scottish pre-1700 lichtis, pre-1700 lighs, pre-1700 lychtes, pre-1700 lychtis, 1800s– lichts. β. (In singular form) late Middle English liȝt, 1500s licht (Scottish). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: light adj.¹ Etymology: Specific use as noun of the plural of light adj.¹, so called because the lungs are distinguished from the other internal organs by their lightness in weight (compare the similar semantic motivation shown ultimately by lung n.).The early Middle English form lihte at α. forms shows an (originally adjectival) plural in -e. With plural agreement. The lungs; (in later use) spec. the lungs from an animal's carcass, used as food (for people or animals).In early use occasionally in singular: a lung.rising of the lights: see rising n. Phrases. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > lungs lungc1000 lightsc1225 pomounc1400 windbag1552 pulme1553 poulme1561 poulmon1561 bellows1614 airbag1782 the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > lungs lightsc1225 c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. C) l. 48 Þine þermes..lifre and þine lihte. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 498 Þe left schulder ȝaf he, Wiþ hert, liuer and liȝtes And blod tille his quirre. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1360 (MED) Vpon a felle of þe fayre best fede þay þayr houndes Wyth þe lyuer & þe lyȝtez. a1475 tr. Gilbertus Anglicus Pharmaceutical Writings (Wellcome) (1991) 84 (MED) If in þe nose-bleding þe lyuer or þe liȝt swelleþ, or if aftir þe staunching of þe blood þe body is infecte with ȝelow spottis, it is a token of deeþ. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xli. 711 Bitter Almondes doo open the stopping of the lunges or lightes. 1665 A. Wood Life 12 May The lights of a bullock or yong oxe. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xliii. 94 The Difficulty of Breathing shews the Lights [to be affected]. 1712 J. Moncrief Tippermalluch's Receipts 82 The Liver, Lights, Reins, privy Members of a Male Goat chopped all together, and made in a Pudding. 1797 London Compl. Art Cookery 133 To dress a Calf's Pluck. Boil the lights and part of the liver. 1814 W. Tennant Anster Fair (ed. 2) v. iii. 158 His [sc. a piper] breath had not suffic'd to twang it out, So did the poor man's lights puff, pant and jump. 1868 C. H. Ross Bk. Cats xi. 217 Almost all Cats are passionately fond of lights, particularly as they grow old. 1930 F. Woodhull in J. F. Dobie Man, Bird & Beast i. 67 To cure stammering, get child near animal that is being butchered—hog, cow, anything,—and as soon as the lights are cut out rub them vigorously in child's face, particularly about the mouth. 1974 New Scientist 29 Aug. 511/2 Haggis, using lights and offals, is an obvious example. 2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. ix. 188 Outside of ethnic communities, raw fresh lights barely feature in the modern butcher's shop. Phrases colloquial. to scare (also beat, etc.) the (liver and) lights out of (a person or thing): to scare, beat, etc., (a person or thing) to an excessive or violent degree.In later use perhaps sometimes associated with light n.¹; cf. Phrases 7b at that entry and also daylight n. Phrases 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > frighten [verb (transitive)] > greatly to scare (also beat, etc.) the (liver and) lights out of (a person or thing)1868 to beat (also bore, scare, etc.) the pants off (a person)1925 1868 Shamrock 22 Aug. 783/1 He swore if he ever caught me talking to his daughter again he would ‘kick the liver and lights out of me’. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxix. 259 It most scared the livers and lights out of me. 1956 E. Pound tr. Sophocles Women of Trachis 18 You might start by questioning Likhas, scare the lights out of him, and he might tell you. 1970 T. Fall Ordeal of Running Standing iii. xxx. 246 You've been setting me up and I am going to beat the liver and lights out of you, right now. 2015 G. Amateau Dante of Maury River xxv. 138 She'd hardly cooled down from her race when the fireworks finale went up and scared the lights out of that big bay filly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1225
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