ligno-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

used as a combining form of Latin lignum wood (cf. ligni- comb. form) in a few scientific and technical terms.

lignocellulose adj.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɛljᵿləʊs/

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɛljᵿləʊz/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛljəˌloʊs/

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛljəˌloʊz/

1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 47 Lignocelluloses, lignin combined with cellulose, as in Jute fibre.

lignoceric adj.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɪərɪk/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛrɪk/

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɪrɪk/

[Latin cera wax] (see quots.).

1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Lignoceric acid, C₂₄H₄₈O₂ = C₂₃H₄₇· CO₂H. A fatty acid contained in paraffin and in beech-wood tar.

† ˈlignograph n. [-graph comb. form] Obsolete a wood-engraving.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > relief engraving > [noun] > wood engraving and cutting > xylographic material > design or print

woodcut1662

wooden cut1683

wood-engraving1816

wood-print1816

lignograph1844

xylograph1864

chromoxylograph1868

Japanese printc1895

1844 G. A. Mantell Medals of Creation I. Contents xviii. The excellent artists by whom the lignographs or wood-cuts were engraven.

† ligˈnography n. Obsolete wood engraving.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > relief engraving > [noun] > wood engraving and cutting

wood-cutting1722

wood-engraving1816

xylography1816

lignography1849

1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 721/1 The art of Wood-Engraving, or, as it is sometimes more learnedly termed..Xylography and Lignography.

lignosulphonate n.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsʌlfəneɪt/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsəlfəˌneɪt/

any of the salts or esters of the lignosulphonic acids, some of which are used as adhesive binders, as pigment dispersants, in the tanning industry, and in the manufacture of vanillin.

ΚΠ

1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 717 From the liquid obtained by boiling pine-wood with calcium hydrogen sulphite, the author has prepared barium lignosulphonate, C₄₀H₄₄O₁₇S₂Ba.

1952 F. E. Brauns Chem. Lignin v. 113 The isolation of a basic calcium lignosulfonate from a commercial spent liquor on a technical scale is carried out in the ‘Howard process’.

1963 J. F. Harris et al. in B. L. Browning Chem. Wood xi. 578 Lignosulfonates, in particular the carbohydrate-free products, have found a variety of profitable applications. The most notable of these are their uses in oil well-drilling muds and in the production of synthetic rubber.

lignosulphonic acid n.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˌfɒnɪk ˈasɪd/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊ(ˌ)səlˌfɑnɪk ˈæsəd/

any of various compounds in which sulphonic acid groups are attached to lignin molecules, formed in the sulphite process for producing wood pulp.

1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 717 In lignosulphonic acid, part of the sulphurous acid is tightly and part loosely bound.

1931 Canad. Jrnl. Res. 5 42 The first lignosulphonic acids studied were obtained by heating benzene-alcohol extracted spruce meal with sulphurous acid.

1967 Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) XII. 369 The sulfite process for producing pulp can lead to products which consist of lignosulfonic acids, or various lignosulfonates. These are commonly referred to in the trade as lignin sulfonic acids and lignin sulfonates.

ligno-sulphuric adj.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˈfjʊərɪk/

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˈfjɔːrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊ(ˌ)səlˈfjʊrɪk/

an acidic substance produced by the action of sulphuric acid on lignin.

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Ligno-sulphuric acid, sulpholignic acid, obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on lignine.

Draft additions 1997

lignocellulosic adj.

Brit.

/ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sɛljᵿˈlɒsɪk/

U.S.

/ˌlɪɡnoʊˌsɛljəˈlɑsɪk/

of the nature of or containing lignocellulose; also as n., lignocellulosic material.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [adjective] > fibre combined with cellulose

lignocellulosic1944

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > other plant fibre > combined with cellulose

lignocellulosic1944

1944 Pulp & Paper Mag. Canada 45 752 The amount and types of lignocellulosic wastes from forest and agricultural sources are examined in the light of present industrial uses.

1974 Sci. Amer. Apr. 58/3 The International Paper Company built a 9,000-pound bridge solely from high-yield lignocellulosic papers (such as kraft liner board) and adhesive to demonstrate the merits of strong paper in structural engineering.

1990 Rev. (Dept. of Energy) Summer 13/1 Energy recovery from the organic fraction..is limited by the restricted ability of anaerobic bacteria to degrade lignocellulosis—paper, cardboard, wood, etc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ligno-
释义	ligno-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. used as a combining form of Latin lignum wood (cf. ligni- comb. form) in a few scientific and technical terms. lignocellulose adj. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɛljᵿləʊs/ , /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɛljᵿləʊz/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛljəˌloʊs/ , /ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛljəˌloʊz/ Π 1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 47 Lignocelluloses, lignin combined with cellulose, as in Jute fibre. lignoceric adj. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsɪərɪk/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɛrɪk/ , /ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsɪrɪk/ [Latin cera wax] (see quots.). Π 1888 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Lignoceric acid, C₂₄H₄₈O₂ = C₂₃H₄₇· CO₂H. A fatty acid contained in paraffin and in beech-wood tar. † ˈlignograph n. [-graph comb. form] Obsolete a wood-engraving. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > relief engraving > [noun] > wood engraving and cutting > xylographic material > design or print woodcut1662 wooden cut1683 wood-engraving1816 wood-print1816 lignograph1844 xylograph1864 chromoxylograph1868 Japanese printc1895 1844 G. A. Mantell Medals of Creation I. Contents xviii. The excellent artists by whom the lignographs or wood-cuts were engraven. † ligˈnography n. Obsolete wood engraving. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > relief engraving > [noun] > wood engraving and cutting wood-cutting1722 wood-engraving1816 xylography1816 lignography1849 1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 721/1 The art of Wood-Engraving, or, as it is sometimes more learnedly termed..Xylography and Lignography. lignosulphonate n. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)ˈsʌlfəneɪt/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊˈsəlfəˌneɪt/ any of the salts or esters of the lignosulphonic acids, some of which are used as adhesive binders, as pigment dispersants, in the tanning industry, and in the manufacture of vanillin. ΚΠ 1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 717 From the liquid obtained by boiling pine-wood with calcium hydrogen sulphite, the author has prepared barium lignosulphonate, C₄₀H₄₄O₁₇S₂Ba. 1952 F. E. Brauns Chem. Lignin v. 113 The isolation of a basic calcium lignosulfonate from a commercial spent liquor on a technical scale is carried out in the ‘Howard process’. 1963 J. F. Harris et al. in B. L. Browning Chem. Wood xi. 578 Lignosulfonates, in particular the carbohydrate-free products, have found a variety of profitable applications. The most notable of these are their uses in oil well-drilling muds and in the production of synthetic rubber. lignosulphonic acid n. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˌfɒnɪk ˈasɪd/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊ(ˌ)səlˌfɑnɪk ˈæsəd/ any of various compounds in which sulphonic acid groups are attached to lignin molecules, formed in the sulphite process for producing wood pulp. Π 1908 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 94 i. 717 In lignosulphonic acid, part of the sulphurous acid is tightly and part loosely bound. 1931 Canad. Jrnl. Res. 5 42 The first lignosulphonic acids studied were obtained by heating benzene-alcohol extracted spruce meal with sulphurous acid. 1967 Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) XII. 369 The sulfite process for producing pulp can lead to products which consist of lignosulfonic acids, or various lignosulfonates. These are commonly referred to in the trade as lignin sulfonic acids and lignin sulfonates. ligno-sulphuric adj. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˈfjʊərɪk/ , /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sʌlˈfjɔːrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊ(ˌ)səlˈfjʊrɪk/ an acidic substance produced by the action of sulphuric acid on lignin. Π 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Ligno-sulphuric acid, sulpholignic acid, obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on lignine. Draft additions 1997 lignocellulosic adj. Brit. /ˌlɪɡnə(ʊ)sɛljᵿˈlɒsɪk/ , U.S. /ˌlɪɡnoʊˌsɛljəˈlɑsɪk/ of the nature of or containing lignocellulose; also as n., lignocellulosic material. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [adjective] > fibre combined with cellulose lignocellulosic1944 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > vegetable fibre > other plant fibre > combined with cellulose lignocellulosic1944 1944 Pulp & Paper Mag. Canada 45 752 The amount and types of lignocellulosic wastes from forest and agricultural sources are examined in the light of present industrial uses. 1974 Sci. Amer. Apr. 58/3 The International Paper Company built a 9,000-pound bridge solely from high-yield lignocellulosic papers (such as kraft liner board) and adhesive to demonstrate the merits of strong paper in structural engineering. 1990 Rev. (Dept. of Energy) Summer 13/1 Energy recovery from the organic fraction..is limited by the restricted ability of anaerobic bacteria to degrade lignocellulosis—paper, cardboard, wood, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1844
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