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单词 at-hold
释义

at-holdv.

Forms: Also Middle English edhalde, et-hold; for inflexions, see hold v.
Etymology: < at- prefix2 + hold v.; in Old English oðhealdan. Compare German enthalten, Dutch onthouden.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To withhold, keep back (something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > refrain from giving or withhold
at-holdc885
c885 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlix. 377 Oððe gif hwelc folc bið mid hungre geswenced, & hwá his hwæte gehyt & oðhielt.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 91 Heo walden sum of heore ehte etholdan þam apostlan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6229 Ofte ȝe us habbeð at-halden [c1300 Otho at-holde]. þat gauel.
c1300 Beket 1749 Seint Thomas athuld the lettre.
2. To detain, restrain (a person).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > deprive of liberty by restraint [verb (transitive)]
at-hold?c1225
to hold inc1300
withholda1325
distrainc1340
restrain1397
stressa1425
detain1485
to lay fast1560
constrain1590
enstraiten1619
embinda1628
pin1738
coerce1780
deport1909
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 275 Bitternesse of þis lif..edhalt ham from blisse.
c1314 Guy Warw. 60 He gan to..wepe with his eyghen therfore. He him might no lenge at held.
3. To keep (a thing) in one's possession, to retain.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)]
holda855
haveeOE
witec1000
at-holdc1175
withholdc1200
keepc1400
reserve?a1439
retain1449
detain1541
to stick to ——1560
contain1600
to make good1606
preserve1617
inhold1726
to hang on to1873
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Edhalde þet brihte ikunde; þet god haueð in ow ibroht of saule and of likame.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Þat we ne athelde none [synne] on ure heorte.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 God haueð edholden to him seoluen..wurchipe & wrake.
c1330 Florice & Bl. 367 Thou shalt..Thi golde cop with þe at holde.
4. To keep, retain (a person) in attendance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > attached to one's person or service
at-holdc1200
withholdc1300
retain1449
reservea1529
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 123 Gode menisshe..he [God] understant and mid him athalt.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 124 Þo kyng of hys men at huld wuche he wolde.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 618 This clerkes..With the king weren at held.
5. To keep in existence, maintain, preserve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve in existence or maintain
at-holdc1220
to hold upc1290
maintaina1325
sustainc1390
sustent?a1425
preserve1427
sustentate1542
c1220 Hali Meid. 13 And iþis world..athalt hire burðe ilicnesse of heuenliche cunde.
1250 Laȝamon Brut 769 Somme he sloh, somme he bond, Þe beste he cwic at-heold.
6. To keep in consideration, observe, give heed to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)]
yieldc825
behold971
hold971
keepc1000
at-holdc1175
takec1300
spare1387
observec1391
to stand by ——c1405
to stick by ——a1530
to stand to ——1537
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Þeo þe ihereð godes weordes and heom athaldeð.
c1250 Owl & Night. 392 The niȝtingale in hire thoȝte At-hold al this.
c1275 Passion Our Lord 364 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 I-hereþ myne word, And heo wel atholdeþ.
7. To lay fast hold of, put under arrest.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)]
at-holda1230
attacha1325
resta1325
takec1330
arrest1393
restay?a1400
tachec1400
seisinc1425
to take upa1438
stowc1450
seize1471
to lay (also set, clap, etc.) (a person) by the heels?1515
deprehend1532
apprehend1548
nipa1566
upsnatcha1566
finger1572
to make stay of1572
embarge1585
cap1590
reprehend1598
prehenda1605
embar1647
nap1665
nab1686
bone1699
roast1699
do1784
touch1785
pinch1789
to pull up1799
grab1800
nick1806
pull1811
hobble1819
nail1823
nipper1823
bag1824
lag1847
tap1859
snaffle1860
to put the collar on1865
copper1872
to take in1878
lumber1882
to pick up1887
to pull in1893
lift1923
drag1924
to knock off1926
to put the sleeve on1930
bust1940
pop1960
vamp1970
a1230 St. Juliana 41 Ich hit am þat sum chearre wes þurh þe wise Salomon ethalden [v.r. feste bitunet].
c1275 Passion Our Lord 535 in Old Eng. Misc. 52 Nu wolden heo [þe gywes] hyne at-holden þat scop alle þing.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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