† at-holdv.

Forms: Also Middle English edhalde, et-hold; for inflexions, see hold v.

Etymology: < at- prefix² + hold v.; in Old English oðhealdan. Compare German enthalten, Dutch onthouden.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To withhold, keep back (something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > refrain from giving or withhold

at-holdc885

c885 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlix. 377 Oððe gif hwelc folc bið mid hungre geswenced, & hwá his hwæte gehyt & oðhielt.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 91 Heo walden sum of heore ehte etholdan þam apostlan.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6229 Ofte ȝe us habbeð at-halden [c1300 Otho at-holde]. þat gauel.

c1300 Beket 1749 Seint Thomas athuld the lettre.

2. To detain, restrain (a person).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > deprive of liberty by restraint [verb (transitive)]

at-hold?c1225

to hold inc1300

withholda1325

distrainc1340

restrain1397

stressa1425

detain1485

to lay fast1560

constrain1590

enstraiten1619

embinda1628

pin1738

coerce1780

deport1909

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 275 Bitternesse of þis lif..edhalt ham from blisse.

c1314 Guy Warw. 60 He gan to..wepe with his eyghen therfore. He him might no lenge at held.

3. To keep (a thing) in one's possession, to retain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)]

holda855

haveeOE

witec1000

at-holdc1175

withholdc1200

keepc1400

reserve?a1439

retain1449

detain1541

to stick to ——1560

contain1600

to make good1606

preserve1617

inhold1726

to hang on to1873

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Edhalde þet brihte ikunde; þet god haueð in ow ibroht of saule and of likame.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Þat we ne athelde none [synne] on ure heorte.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 God haueð edholden to him seoluen..wurchipe & wrake.

c1330 Florice & Bl. 367 Thou shalt..Thi golde cop with þe at holde.

4. To keep, retain (a person) in attendance.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > attached to one's person or service

at-holdc1200

withholdc1300

retain1449

reservea1529

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 123 Gode menisshe..he [God] understant and mid him athalt.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 124 Þo kyng of hys men at huld wuche he wolde.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 618 This clerkes..With the king weren at held.

5. To keep in existence, maintain, preserve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve in existence or maintain

at-holdc1220

to hold upc1290

maintaina1325

sustainc1390

sustent?a1425

preserve1427

sustentate1542

c1220 Hali Meid. 13 And iþis world..athalt hire burðe ilicnesse of heuenliche cunde.

1250 Laȝamon Brut 769 Somme he sloh, somme he bond, Þe beste he cwic at-heold.

6. To keep in consideration, observe, give heed to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)]

yieldc825

behold971

hold971

keepc1000

at-holdc1175

takec1300

spare1387

observec1391

to stand by ——c1405

to stick by ——a1530

to stand to ——1537

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Þeo þe ihereð godes weordes and heom athaldeð.

c1250 Owl & Night. 392 The niȝtingale in hire thoȝte At-hold al this.

c1275 Passion Our Lord 364 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 I-hereþ myne word, And heo wel atholdeþ.

7. To lay fast hold of, put under arrest.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)]

at-holda1230

attacha1325

resta1325

takec1330

arrest1393

restay?a1400

tachec1400

seisinc1425

to take upa1438

stowc1450

seize1471

to lay (also set, clap, etc.) (a person) by the heels?1515

deprehend1532

apprehend1548

nipa1566

upsnatcha1566

finger1572

to make stay of1572

embarge1585

cap1590

reprehend1598

prehenda1605

embar1647

nap1665

nab1686

bone1699

roast1699

do1784

touch1785

pinch1789

to pull up1799

grab1800

nick1806

pull1811

hobble1819

nail1823

nipper1823

bag1824

lag1847

tap1859

snaffle1860

to put the collar on1865

copper1872

to take in1878

lumber1882

to pick up1887

to pull in1893

lift1923

drag1924

to knock off1926

to put the sleeve on1930

bust1940

pop1960

vamp1970

a1230 St. Juliana 41 Ich hit am þat sum chearre wes þurh þe wise Salomon ethalden [v.r. feste bitunet].

c1275 Passion Our Lord 535 in Old Eng. Misc. 52 Nu wolden heo [þe gywes] hyne at-holden þat scop alle þing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	at-hold
释义	† at-holdv. Forms: Also Middle English edhalde, et-hold; for inflexions, see hold v. Etymology: < at- prefix² + hold v.; in Old English oðhealdan. Compare German enthalten, Dutch onthouden. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To withhold, keep back (something). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > refrain from giving or withhold at-holdc885 c885 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlix. 377 Oððe gif hwelc folc bið mid hungre geswenced, & hwá his hwæte gehyt & oðhielt. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 91 Heo walden sum of heore ehte etholdan þam apostlan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6229 Ofte ȝe us habbeð at-halden [c1300 Otho at-holde]. þat gauel. c1300 Beket 1749 Seint Thomas athuld the lettre. 2. To detain, restrain (a person). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > deprive of liberty by restraint [verb (transitive)] at-hold?c1225 to hold inc1300 withholda1325 distrainc1340 restrain1397 stressa1425 detain1485 to lay fast1560 constrain1590 enstraiten1619 embinda1628 pin1738 coerce1780 deport1909 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 275 Bitternesse of þis lif..edhalt ham from blisse. c1314 Guy Warw. 60 He gan to..wepe with his eyghen therfore. He him might no lenge at held. 3. To keep (a thing) in one's possession, to retain. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] holda855 haveeOE witec1000 at-holdc1175 withholdc1200 keepc1400 reserve?a1439 retain1449 detain1541 to stick to ——1560 contain1600 to make good1606 preserve1617 inhold1726 to hang on to1873 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 149 Edhalde þet brihte ikunde; þet god haueð in ow ibroht of saule and of likame. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Þat we ne athelde none [synne] on ure heorte. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 God haueð edholden to him seoluen..wurchipe & wrake. c1330 Florice & Bl. 367 Thou shalt..Thi golde cop with þe at holde. 4. To keep, retain (a person) in attendance. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > attached to one's person or service at-holdc1200 withholdc1300 retain1449 reservea1529 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 123 Gode menisshe..he [God] understant and mid him athalt. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 124 Þo kyng of hys men at huld wuche he wolde. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 618 This clerkes..With the king weren at held. 5. To keep in existence, maintain, preserve. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve in existence or maintain at-holdc1220 to hold upc1290 maintaina1325 sustainc1390 sustent?a1425 preserve1427 sustentate1542 c1220 Hali Meid. 13 And iþis world..athalt hire burðe ilicnesse of heuenliche cunde. 1250 Laȝamon Brut 769 Somme he sloh, somme he bond, Þe beste he cwic at-heold. 6. To keep in consideration, observe, give heed to. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] yieldc825 behold971 hold971 keepc1000 at-holdc1175 takec1300 spare1387 observec1391 to stand by ——c1405 to stick by ——a1530 to stand to ——1537 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 47 Þeo þe ihereð godes weordes and heom athaldeð. c1250 Owl & Night. 392 The niȝtingale in hire thoȝte At-hold al this. c1275 Passion Our Lord 364 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 I-hereþ myne word, And heo wel atholdeþ. 7. To lay fast hold of, put under arrest. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [verb (transitive)] at-holda1230 attacha1325 resta1325 takec1330 arrest1393 restay?a1400 tachec1400 seisinc1425 to take upa1438 stowc1450 seize1471 to lay (also set, clap, etc.) (a person) by the heels?1515 deprehend1532 apprehend1548 nipa1566 upsnatcha1566 finger1572 to make stay of1572 embarge1585 cap1590 reprehend1598 prehenda1605 embar1647 nap1665 nab1686 bone1699 roast1699 do1784 touch1785 pinch1789 to pull up1799 grab1800 nick1806 pull1811 hobble1819 nail1823 nipper1823 bag1824 lag1847 tap1859 snaffle1860 to put the collar on1865 copper1872 to take in1878 lumber1882 to pick up1887 to pull in1893 lift1923 drag1924 to knock off1926 to put the sleeve on1930 bust1940 pop1960 vamp1970 a1230 St. Juliana 41 Ich hit am þat sum chearre wes þurh þe wise Salomon ethalden [v.r. feste bitunet]. c1275 Passion Our Lord 535 in Old Eng. Misc. 52 Nu wolden heo [þe gywes] hyne at-holden þat scop alle þing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c885
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