linguistn.

Brit.

/ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/, U.S.

/ˈlɪŋɡwᵻst/, West African English

/ˈliŋɡwist/

Forms: 1500s linguiste, 1500s– linguist.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin lingua , -ist suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin lingua tongue, language (see lingua n.) + -ist suffix.Compare German Linguist (end of the 16th cent. in sense ‘person who is skilled in the use of foreign languages, polyglot’, 1801 (and now only) in sense ‘expert in or student of linguistics’), Swedish lingvist (1621 in sense ‘person who is skilled in the use of foreign languages, polyglot’, 1650 (and now only) in sense ‘expert in or student of linguistics’), French linguiste expert in or student of language or (in later use) linguistics (1668 or earlier)).

a. A person who is skilled in the learning or use of foreign languages. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.In later use frequently with modifying adjective indicating the degree of skill.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > a foreign language > one who knows or is learning

languager?1577

linguist1582

Mezzofanti1852

occidentalist1877

learner1948

1582 in Bible (Rheims) 1 Cor. xiv. 457 (margin) Much like to some fond Linguists of our time, who thinke them selues better then a doctor of Diuinitie that is not a Linguist.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation Aunsw. Lett. sig. **3^v Be thou Iohn, the many-tongued Linguist, like Andrewes, or the curious Intelligencer, like Bodley.

1602 R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 39 A generall Linguist and partycular so in insight in the Ierish tungue.

1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. B2 Each Siluan sound I truely vnderstood, Become a perfect Linguist of the Wood.

1673 E. Hickeringill Gregory 256 Clean Latin style..pencill'd whether by himself or any other linguist.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §89. 467/1 The Golden Bull..requires Emperours to be Good Linguists to confer themselves with Embassadours.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 1 The great Linguist, John Minsheu.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xii. 66 That a learned man and a linguist may very well be two persons.

1852 Sartain's Union Mag. 2 26/2 Music is the only universal linguist, a Mezzofanti of the soul.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 276 He was a linguist, a mathematician, and a poet.

1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 81 He is..a wonderful linguist, speaking not only Hebrew and Greek, but most of the Arabian dialects.

1922 C. S. Cooper Foreign Trade v. 82 Young men..who..are good linguists are encouraged to make themselves proficient in the language of the countries they intend to work in.

1954 F. M. Garrett Atlanta & Environs I. xxviii. 312 Mr. Kontz was a linguist, speaking English, German and French fluently.

1999 Guardian 8 June i. 8/2 Even the most talented linguist would have difficulty coping with much of a British bus driver vocabulary.

†b. A native speaker of a particular language. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > using or speaking languages > [noun] > quality of being skilled in use of a language > one who is skilled

linguista1687

glossolalist1879

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 106 The Irish language, and the Welch, and also all Languages that have not been the Languages of flourishing Empires..hath but few words; and all the names of Artificial things brought into use, since the Empire of these Linguists ceased, are expressed in the language of their Conquerors.

†2. A bird that imitates speech and other sounds. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1593 J. White in Proc. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 46 Artamockes, The linguist; a bird that imitateth and useth the sounds and tones of almost all the birds in the Countrie.

1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 43 All linguists [margin. Pies, parrats, stares, &c.] eke that beg what hart would craue Selling your tongues for euery trifle seene As almonds, nuttes [etc.].

3. An expert in or student of language or (later) linguistics; a person who specializes in the structure or historical development of one or more languages; a philologist.computational, general, historical, structural linguist, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > one who studies

philologue1594

linguist1605

philologer1653

philologist1695

terminologist1806

glossologist1817

philologian1823

linguister1870

glottologist1874

linguistic scientist1875

linguistician1895

historicist1937

wordster1965

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 13 Whenas it is a greater glory now to be a Linguist, then a Realist.

1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. i. 3 Here Linguists and Philologists may find that which is to be found no where else.

1735 London Mag. June 297/1 Studies are difficult, tedious, and irksome... How then is our recluse and industrious Linguist to rise?

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1. 320 A Light in which Grammarians and Linguists alone consider Words.

1817 J. Evans Excursion to Windsor 171 And what will be curious to the linguist, here are the Iliad and Odyssey, the very books from which Pope made his translation.

1889 B. Hill tr. L. Leger Hist. Austro-Hungary xxviii. 497 The great linguist Dobrovsky..by his travels and his writings laid the foundation of Slav comparative philology.

1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France viii. 212 He was a young linguist, a research student at Manchester University.

1973 A. P. Sorensen in D. R. Gross Peoples & Cultures of Native S. Amer. 331 Some linguists wondered..whether the comparative method could or even should be applied to American Indian languages at all.

2010 New Scientist 20 Feb. 46/4 In the 1960s, a Russian linguist called Roman Jakobson thought he had discovered a scientific way to measure what he called ‘literariness’.

†4. A fluent or persuasive speaker; one who uses language well. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > one who speaks > [noun]

mathelereOE

mouthOE

speaker1303

sayer1340

outera1415

utterer1509

handler1534

trumpet1549

discourser1564

deliverer1580

linguist1612

vocalist1613

sermocinator1623

sermocinatrix1623

articulator1651

worder1654

voice1667

stringer1774

tonguer1822

vocalizer1830

locutor1858

outspeaker1858

speaker-hearer1965

speaker-listener1965

1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. K2 Ile dispute with him. Hee's a rare linguist.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 374 Richard Martin..was a plausible Linguist, and eminent for Speeches spoken in Parliaments.

5. An interpreter, a translator. Cf. linguister n. 1. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > one who translates

remenoura1382

translatora1382

interpreterc1384

turnera1387

reducerc1530

metaphrast1610

linguist1612

traducer1631

traductor1679

versionist1782

versionera1806

1612 R. Coverte True Rep. Englishman 27 Our General sent our Linguist or Interpreter to certifie them, what wee were, and then the Gouernour opened the Gates.

1670 N. Carteret in Coll. S. Carolina Hist. Soc. (1897) V. 167 Leaueing that place which is called Sowee, carrying ye Caseeka of Kayawah w^th us a uery Ingenious Indian & a great Linguist in this Maine.

1711 C. Lockyer Acct. Trade India 104 Get it translated without your Linguists Knowledge.

1742 C. Middleton in A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay (1744) 192 The Southern Indian, who was Linguist for the Northern ones, returned with the Boat.

1780 Ann. Reg. 204 The persons who acted as linguist, surgeon, and surgeon's mate.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. v. 296 Marina..made herself so far mistress of the Castilian as to supersede the necessity of any other linguist.

1882 ‘Fan Kwae’ at Canton 50 Other Chinese were closely allied to the foreign community as ‘Linguists’.

1982 D. Cragg NCO Guide i. 32 If the person to be notified is not fluent in English, a qualified interpreter should accompany you. The linguist should interpret only what is spoken between you and the next of kin.

2012 M. Reilly Scarecrow Returns 7 As Ivanov spoke in Russian, a U.S. Army linguist translated his word into English.

6. With reference to the Akan peoples of West Africa: an official orator who speaks and performs duties on behalf of a chief.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who speaks for or on behalf of another

whistlec1380

dictourc1440

orator1474

prolocutor?a1475

prelocutor1500

vauntparler1534

paranympha1538

mouth1563

speech1578

speaker1583

promotor1603

ambassador1611

suffragant1613

suffragator1618

mouthpiece1776

linguist1819

megaphone1909

porte-parole1911

spokesperson1972

1819 T. E. Bowdich Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee iii. 63 The Fantee linguists attempted to intimidate the linguist Quashie of Accra, but ineffectually.

1898 R. A. Freeman Trav. & Life in Ashanti & Jaman ii. 61 Every native king or important chief has his linguist or mouthpiece, and this official is commonly a hunchback.

1945 Amer. Weekly 5 Aug. 15/3 They were followed by the linguists..who bore elaborately carved staves surmounted by ivory images of birds and animals.

1958 A. A. Opoku in H. Swanzy Voices of Ghana 30 The linguist stood up in the midst of the gathering, leaning upon his stick of office and said: ‘My father, this is what the Benevolent One says.’

2007 A. Cottrell Once upon Time in Ghana viii. 78 The Chief's curiosity was aroused and so he sent his chief linguist..to find out just who this woman was.

Compounds

Appositive (chiefly in sense 3).

ΚΠ

1761 W. Law Humble Addr. to Clergy 151 Classic Gospellers, Linguist Critics, Scripture-logicians, Salvation Orators, [etc.].

1884 M. Fuller Life, Times & Writings T. Fuller I. ii. 10 There is also another member of the Fuller family who bears the same name as the linguist-critic.

1951 S. F. Nadel Found. Social Anthropol. 46 The ‘virtuosity’ of the linguist-anthropologist..is only the fullest preparation for his task.

1960 Amer. Speech 35 217 In a treatment of specific historical changes of morphemes and phonemes the linguist-philologist should attempt to recapture what actually happened.

1992 New Scientist 15 Aug. 43/2 Linguist-scientists don't exactly grow on trees.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	linguist
释义	linguistn. Brit. /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/, U.S. /ˈlɪŋɡwᵻst/, West African English /ˈliŋɡwist/ Forms: 1500s linguiste, 1500s– linguist. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin lingua , -ist suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin lingua tongue, language (see lingua n.) + -ist suffix.Compare German Linguist (end of the 16th cent. in sense ‘person who is skilled in the use of foreign languages, polyglot’, 1801 (and now only) in sense ‘expert in or student of linguistics’), Swedish lingvist (1621 in sense ‘person who is skilled in the use of foreign languages, polyglot’, 1650 (and now only) in sense ‘expert in or student of linguistics’), French linguiste expert in or student of language or (in later use) linguistics (1668 or earlier)). 1. a. A person who is skilled in the learning or use of foreign languages. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.In later use frequently with modifying adjective indicating the degree of skill. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > a foreign language > one who knows or is learning languager?1577 linguist1582 Mezzofanti1852 occidentalist1877 learner1948 1582 in Bible (Rheims) 1 Cor. xiv. 457 (margin) Much like to some fond Linguists of our time, who thinke them selues better then a doctor of Diuinitie that is not a Linguist. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation Aunsw. Lett. sig. *3^v Be thou Iohn, the many-tongued Linguist, like Andrewes, or the curious Intelligencer, like Bodley. 1602 R. Boyle in Lismore Papers* (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 39 A generall Linguist and partycular so in insight in the Ierish tungue. 1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. B2 Each Siluan sound I truely vnderstood, Become a perfect Linguist of the Wood. 1673 E. Hickeringill Gregory 256 Clean Latin style..pencill'd whether by himself or any other linguist. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §89. 467/1 The Golden Bull..requires Emperours to be Good Linguists to confer themselves with Embassadours. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 1 The great Linguist, John Minsheu. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xii. 66 That a learned man and a linguist may very well be two persons. 1852 Sartain's Union Mag. 2 26/2 Music is the only universal linguist, a Mezzofanti of the soul. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 276 He was a linguist, a mathematician, and a poet. 1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 81 He is..a wonderful linguist, speaking not only Hebrew and Greek, but most of the Arabian dialects. 1922 C. S. Cooper Foreign Trade v. 82 Young men..who..are good linguists are encouraged to make themselves proficient in the language of the countries they intend to work in. 1954 F. M. Garrett Atlanta & Environs I. xxviii. 312 Mr. Kontz was a linguist, speaking English, German and French fluently. 1999 Guardian 8 June i. 8/2 Even the most talented linguist would have difficulty coping with much of a British bus driver vocabulary. †b. A native speaker of a particular language. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > using or speaking languages > [noun] > quality of being skilled in use of a language > one who is skilled linguista1687 glossolalist1879 a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 106 The Irish language, and the Welch, and also all Languages that have not been the Languages of flourishing Empires..hath but few words; and all the names of Artificial things brought into use, since the Empire of these Linguists ceased, are expressed in the language of their Conquerors. †2. A bird that imitates speech and other sounds. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1593 J. White in Proc. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 46 Artamockes, The linguist; a bird that imitateth and useth the sounds and tones of almost all the birds in the Countrie. 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 43 All linguists [margin. Pies, parrats, stares, &c.] eke that beg what hart would craue Selling your tongues for euery trifle seene As almonds, nuttes [etc.]. 3. An expert in or student of language or (later) linguistics; a person who specializes in the structure or historical development of one or more languages; a philologist.computational, general, historical, structural linguist, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > one who studies philologue1594 linguist1605 philologer1653 philologist1695 terminologist1806 glossologist1817 philologian1823 linguister1870 glottologist1874 linguistic scientist1875 linguistician1895 historicist1937 wordster1965 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 13 Whenas it is a greater glory now to be a Linguist, then a Realist. 1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. i. 3 Here Linguists and Philologists may find that which is to be found no where else. 1735 London Mag. June 297/1 Studies are difficult, tedious, and irksome... How then is our recluse and industrious Linguist to rise? 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §1. 320 A Light in which Grammarians and Linguists alone consider Words. 1817 J. Evans Excursion to Windsor 171 And what will be curious to the linguist, here are the Iliad and Odyssey, the very books from which Pope made his translation. 1889 B. Hill tr. L. Leger Hist. Austro-Hungary xxviii. 497 The great linguist Dobrovsky..by his travels and his writings laid the foundation of Slav comparative philology. 1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France viii. 212 He was a young linguist, a research student at Manchester University. 1973 A. P. Sorensen in D. R. Gross Peoples & Cultures of Native S. Amer. 331 Some linguists wondered..whether the comparative method could or even should be applied to American Indian languages at all. 2010 New Scientist 20 Feb. 46/4 In the 1960s, a Russian linguist called Roman Jakobson thought he had discovered a scientific way to measure what he called ‘literariness’. †4. A fluent or persuasive speaker; one who uses language well. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > one who speaks > [noun] mathelereOE mouthOE speaker1303 sayer1340 outera1415 utterer1509 handler1534 trumpet1549 discourser1564 deliverer1580 linguist1612 vocalist1613 sermocinator1623 sermocinatrix1623 articulator1651 worder1654 voice1667 stringer1774 tonguer1822 vocalizer1830 locutor1858 outspeaker1858 speaker-hearer1965 speaker-listener1965 1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. K2 Ile dispute with him. Hee's a rare linguist. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 374 Richard Martin..was a plausible Linguist, and eminent for Speeches spoken in Parliaments. 5. An interpreter, a translator. Cf. linguister n. 1. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun] > one who translates remenoura1382 translatora1382 interpreterc1384 turnera1387 reducerc1530 metaphrast1610 linguist1612 traducer1631 traductor1679 versionist1782 versionera1806 1612 R. Coverte True Rep. Englishman 27 Our General sent our Linguist or Interpreter to certifie them, what wee were, and then the Gouernour opened the Gates. 1670 N. Carteret in Coll. S. Carolina Hist. Soc. (1897) V. 167 Leaueing that place which is called Sowee, carrying ye Caseeka of Kayawah w^th us a uery Ingenious Indian & a great Linguist in this Maine. 1711 C. Lockyer Acct. Trade India 104 Get it translated without your Linguists Knowledge. 1742 C. Middleton in A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay (1744) 192 The Southern Indian, who was Linguist for the Northern ones, returned with the Boat. 1780 Ann. Reg. 204 The persons who acted as linguist, surgeon, and surgeon's mate. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. v. 296 Marina..made herself so far mistress of the Castilian as to supersede the necessity of any other linguist. 1882 ‘Fan Kwae’ at Canton 50 Other Chinese were closely allied to the foreign community as ‘Linguists’. 1982 D. Cragg NCO Guide i. 32 If the person to be notified is not fluent in English, a qualified interpreter should accompany you. The linguist should interpret only what is spoken between you and the next of kin. 2012 M. Reilly Scarecrow Returns 7 As Ivanov spoke in Russian, a U.S. Army linguist translated his word into English. 6. With reference to the Akan peoples of West Africa: an official orator who speaks and performs duties on behalf of a chief. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who speaks for or on behalf of another whistlec1380 dictourc1440 orator1474 prolocutor?a1475 prelocutor1500 vauntparler1534 paranympha1538 mouth1563 speech1578 speaker1583 promotor1603 ambassador1611 suffragant1613 suffragator1618 mouthpiece1776 linguist1819 megaphone1909 porte-parole1911 spokesperson1972 1819 T. E. Bowdich Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee iii. 63 The Fantee linguists attempted to intimidate the linguist Quashie of Accra, but ineffectually. 1898 R. A. Freeman Trav. & Life in Ashanti & Jaman ii. 61 Every native king or important chief has his linguist or mouthpiece, and this official is commonly a hunchback. 1945 Amer. Weekly 5 Aug. 15/3 They were followed by the linguists..who bore elaborately carved staves surmounted by ivory images of birds and animals. 1958 A. A. Opoku in H. Swanzy Voices of Ghana 30 The linguist stood up in the midst of the gathering, leaning upon his stick of office and said: ‘My father, this is what the Benevolent One says.’ 2007 A. Cottrell Once upon Time in Ghana viii. 78 The Chief's curiosity was aroused and so he sent his chief linguist..to find out just who this woman was. Compounds Appositive (chiefly in sense 3). ΚΠ 1761 W. Law Humble Addr. to Clergy 151 Classic Gospellers, Linguist Critics, Scripture-logicians, Salvation Orators, [etc.]. 1884 M. Fuller Life, Times & Writings T. Fuller I. ii. 10 There is also another member of the Fuller family who bears the same name as the linguist-critic. 1951 S. F. Nadel Found. Social Anthropol. 46 The ‘virtuosity’ of the linguist-anthropologist..is only the fullest preparation for his task. 1960 Amer. Speech 35 217 In a treatment of specific historical changes of morphemes and phonemes the linguist-philologist should attempt to recapture what actually happened. 1992 New Scientist 15 Aug. 43/2 Linguist-scientists don't exactly grow on trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † linguistadj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: linguist n. Etymology: < linguist n., perhaps arising from analysis of that word as a participial adjective in -ed suffix¹. Compare later linguished adj. Compare also earlier languaged adj. Obsolete. rare. Skilled in language or languages. Cf. linguished adj., languaged adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > using or speaking languages > [adjective] > skilled in a language or languages languageda1400 well-languagedc1450 linguist1607 linguished1630 mezzofantic1904 1607 N. Breton Murmurer sig. Bvi So profoundly read in the rules of the best learning, and so well Linguist in the most necessary Languages. 1612 J. Taylor Great Brit. in Blacke sig. A3 Mean time she [sc. my Muse] mongst the linguist [1630 linguish'd] Poets throngs, Although she want the help of Forraigne Tongs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < n.1582adj.1607
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linguistn.

Compounds

† linguistadj.