Liverpooln.

Brit.

/ˈlɪvəpuːl/, U.S.

/ˈlɪvərˌpul/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Liverpool.

Etymology: < Liverpool, the name of an English city on the River Mersey (see note at liver n.¹). In Liverpool house n., Liverpool button n., Liverpool pennant n., Liverpool pantile n. with allusion to the seafaring tradition of the city; in Liverpool kiss n. with humorous allusion to the reputation for violence accorded to some parts of the city (compare later Glasgow kiss n.).

I. attributive and compound uses.

1. attributive.

a. Designating delftware and porcelain manufactured in Liverpool in the 18th cent. (see also quot. 1810).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [adjective] > types of English pottery

Liverpool1750

Wedgwood1787

Mason1804

Plymouth1816

Rockingham1840

Leeds1863

Jackfield1866

Spode1869

Whieldon1869

Minton1871

Doulton1873

Toft1878

Lambeth1884

Wrotham1884

metropolitan1891

Astbury1904

Pratt1920

Malling1933

1750 G. G. Beekman Let. 27 Aug. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 115 You must mistake about Liverpool ware being 21/ Sterling otherwise it Must not be such yeallow Sort as Comes from Bristol.

1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1769 3 Above the salt is a bed of whitish clay, used in making the Liverpool earthen-ware.

1799 in Naval Docs. U.S. Wars with Barbary Powers (1939) I. 318 Articles, Requisite to be Sent to Algiers... Crates of Liverpool ware.

1810 B. Silliman Jrnl. Trav. I. 48 Most of those articles which are sold in America under the general name of Liverpool wares, are brought to this port from Staffordshire, and other interior countries.

1869 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 5 Nov. (1911) I. 60 A Liverpool printed mug of Gen. Wolfe.

1964 M. Drabble Garrick Year iv. 56 One of my Liverpool ware teapots was broken.

1972 Country Life 6 Jan. 21/3 Liverpool or Delft tiles decorate the fireplace surround.

1972 Collector's Guide Aug. 9/1 (advt.) An extremely rare Liverpool Vase, c. 1760 (William Ball's factory).

1994 Antique Dealer & Collectors Guide June 42/1 Garry Atkins shows a Liverpool delftware plate (c.1760/1770) decorated à la chinoise in Fazackerly colours.

b. Originally and chiefly U.S. Designating imported goods which arrive from the port of Liverpool, esp. in Liverpool coal, Liverpool salt. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > goods from specific place

Liverpool1758

1758 G. G. Beekman Let. 16 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 321 Liverpool Salt..is the Worst Can be Imported.

1780 F. Hopkinson Let. 11 Aug. in Pennsylvania State Trials (1795) 9 They have carefully examined the said cargo, being Liverpool salt.

1811 Centinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 16 Jan. The New-York papers speak of it as far superior to Liverpool coal.

1841 J. S. Buckngham Amer., Hist., Statist., & Descriptive I. xiii. 164 We preferred discontinuing the use of it [sc. anthracite] in our apartment altogether, and substituting English coal, called here Liverpool coal.

1872 W. W. Hunter Orissa I. iii. 99 Liverpool salt comes out at very low rates, often indeed as ballast, to Calcutta.

1909 Des Moines (Iowa) News 15 June 2/1 He bought the Liverpool goods and found that he could ship it clear around the world..for about two-thirds what he could ship it from Chicago to Spokane by rail.

1997 S. Bandyopadhyay Caste in Colonial India iii. 71 In areas with major Namasudra concentration, like Pirojpur, Liverpool salt was being freely sold.

2. Nautical (now chiefly historical).

a. Liverpool house n. = deck-house n. at deck n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck superstructure > deckhouse > types of

summercastle1345

summer-hutch1420

poop1551

roundhouse1611

caboose1747

hurricane-house1818

wheelhouse1835

storm-house1836

pilothouse1842

Texas1853

Liverpool house1869

monkey forecastle1870

1869 in C. N. Longridge Cutty Sark (1933) ii. 205 Liverpool house fitted on centre 30 feet long.

1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 422 Liverpool house, a superstructure extending from side to side and situated amidships in large (steel built) sailing vessels.

2004 R. Carter Windjammers ii. 38 The main distinguishing features are Garthpool's open railing around her Liverpool house.

b. Liverpool button n. slang a makeshift button or toggle used by sailors to replace one that has been lost.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > toggle

Liverpool button1883

toggle1903

1883 Sailors' Lang. Liverpool button—The name for a kind of toggle used by sailors when they lose a button off their coats.

1908 E. Noble Grain Carriers iii. i. 146 Shanghaied crews are usually persons dressed in a rag and a Liverpool button.

1993 O. Friz (title) Liverpool Buttons and Homeward-Bound Stitches: Portrait of a Master Mariner.

c. Liverpool pantile n. rare slang a (typically hard) ship's biscuit (see quot. 2007).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > ship's biscuit

ship bread1598

bread1625

ship's biscuit1634

pilot bread1788

midshipman's nuts1828

hardtack1830

pilot biscuit1836

pantile1874

Liverpool pantile1899

1899 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 22 Oct. 11/2 In a measure they were bad old days, when ‘salt horse’ and ‘Liverpool pantiles’, as the biscuits were appropriately named, were the staple food of the British Mercantile Marine.

1902 B. Lubbock Round Horn viii. 311 He handed me a regular bad-looking Liverpool pantile from the bread-barge.

1925 B. Hayes Hull Down iii. 28 The biscuits, commonly called ‘Liverpool pantiles’, were so hard you could break them only with a hammer.

2007 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 10 Mar. 30 The display also focuses on sailors' diet over the years. A ship's biscuit dates from about 1914. They were jokingly known as Liverpool Pantiles (roofing tiles) because of their shape and texture.

d. Liverpool weather n. colloquial windy and unpleasant weather.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun]

un-i-withereOE

weathera1122

judgement weather1796

muck1855

Liverpool weather1896

1848 Liverpool Mercury 18 Aug. 2/3 Merchants will see from this that Liverpool weather must not be taken as a standard by which to judge of the weather generally.]

1896 R. Kipling in Graphic Christmas 16/2 There was a sou'-wester brewin' when we made the mouth o' the Mersey, a bitter cold morn wi' a grey-green sea and a grey-green sky—Liverpool weather, as they say.

1934 G. H. Grant Consigned to Davy Jones (1935) xviii. 260 If we was on a windbag..it would be what we calls Liverpool weather.

e. Liverpool pennant n. slang = Liverpool button n. at sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > other fastenings

crotcheta1685

skewer1771

back-string1785

guard-chain1832

patte1835

tie-up1896

press-button1908

press fastener1922

Liverpool pennant1933

Velcro1960

1933 J. Masefield Bird of Dawning 287 Liverpool pennants, rope yarns used instead of buttons.

3. Liverpool kiss n. slang (originally U.S. Nautical, now chiefly Australian and New Zealand) a blow delivered to the head or face, esp. a headbutt (cf. Glasgow kiss n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > with the head

bushing1398

butting1598

butt1826

headbutt1925

Liverpool kiss1944

nutting1963

Glasgow kiss1982

1944 Amer. Speech 19 106 A Liverpool kiss is a kick in the chin.

1957 G. Kersh Fowler's End ii. 31 You know what it is, a Liverpool Kiss? Make a quick grab for the lapels o' the coat, an' pull somebody forward. At the same time bunt 'im in the face miv the top o' your 'ead an' kick 'im in the balls miv your knee.

1963 L. L'Amour Fallon vi. 105 He ducked inside another punch, drove his head against Maloon's chest, then ripped up with his skull in the vicious ‘Liverpool kiss’ known to rough-and-tumble fighters everywhere. Maloon's head was smashed back by the impact of the skull under the chin.

1983 Times 28 June 21/6 [In Christchurch, New Zealand] Bainbridge was twice discovered..in the act of indulging the Liverpool kiss.

1999 Australian (Nexis) 25 Jan. 25 He responded with a magnificent Liverpool kiss.

4. Liverpool sound n. the melodic popular music associated with the Beatles and other Liverpool bands, esp. of the 1960s. Cf. Mersey sound at Mersey n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music

a cappella1905

soundclash1925

marabi1933

doo-wop1958

filk1959

folk-rock1963

Liverpool sound1963

Mersey beat1963

Mersey sound1963

surf music1963

malombo1964

mbaqanga1964

easy listening1965

disco music1966

Motown1966

boogaloo1967

power pop1967

psychedelia1967

yé-yé1967

agitpop1968

bubblegum1968

Tamla Motown1968

Tex-Mex1968

downtempo1969

taarab1969

thrash1969

world music1969

funk1970

MOR1970

tropicalism1970

Afrobeat1971

electro-pop1971

post-rock1971

techno-pop1971

Tropicalia1971

tropicalismo1971

disco1972

Krautrock1972

schlager1973

Afropop1974

punk funk1974

disco funk1975

Europop1976

mgqashiyo1976

P-funk1976

funkadelia1977

karaoke music1977

alternative music1978

hardcore1978

psychobilly1978

punkabilly1978

R&B1978

cowpunk1979

dangdut1979

hip-hop1979

Northern Soul1979

rap1979

rapping1979

jit1980

trance1980

benga1981

New Romanticism1981

post-punk1981

rap music1981

scratch1982

scratch-music1982

synth-pop1982

electro1983

garage1983

Latin1983

Philly1983

New Age1984

New Age music1985

ambient1986

Britpop1986

gangster rap1986

house1986

house music1986

mbalax1986

rai1986

trot1986

zouk1986

bhangra1987

garage1987

hip-house1987

new school1987

old school1987

thrashcore1987

acid1988

acid house1988

acid jazz1988

ambience1988

Cantopop1988

dance1988

deep house1988

industrial1988

swingbeat1988

techno1988

dream pop1989

gangsta rap1989

multiculti1989

new jack swing1989

noise-pop1989

rave1989

Tejano1989

breakbeat1990

chill-out music1990

indie1990

new jack1990

new jill swing1990

noisecore1990

baggy1991

drum and bass1991

gangsta1991

handbag house1991

hip-pop1991

loungecore1991

psychedelic trance1991

shoegazing1991

slowcore1991

techno-house1991

gabba1992

jungle1992

sadcore1992

UK garage1992

darkcore1993

dark side1993

electronica1993

G-funk1993

sampladelia1994

trip hop1994

break1996

psy-trance1996

nu skool1997

folktronica1999

dubstep2002

Bongo Flava2003

grime2003

Bongo2004

singeli2015

1963 Daily Mail 20 Sept. 10/4 It's been boys, boys, boys from Merseyside who have dominated pop music since the ‘Liverpool sound’ started to carry all before it towards the end of last year.

1963 Daily Tel. 10 Dec. 13 A show by the Beatles, the ‘Liverpool sound’ group, was not typical of ‘pop’ concerts.

1981 Paris (Texas) News 18 Dec. 15/3 Each band has their own sound, it's not a Liverpool sound.

2007 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Dec. 9 The distinctive Liverpool sound has spread across the world in the past five decades.

II. absol. uses.

5. Delftware or porcelain manufactured in Liverpool in the 18th cent.

ΚΠ

1957 C. W. Mankowitz & R. G. Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pottery & Porcelain 131/2 Liverpool is at times difficult to distinguish from Bristol.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	liverpool
释义	Liverpooln. Brit. /ˈlɪvəpuːl/, U.S. /ˈlɪvərˌpul/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Liverpool. Etymology: < Liverpool, the name of an English city on the River Mersey (see note at liver n.¹). In Liverpool house n., Liverpool button n., Liverpool pennant n., Liverpool pantile n. with allusion to the seafaring tradition of the city; in Liverpool kiss n. with humorous allusion to the reputation for violence accorded to some parts of the city (compare later Glasgow kiss n.). I. attributive and compound uses. 1. attributive. a. Designating delftware and porcelain manufactured in Liverpool in the 18th cent. (see also quot. 1810). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [adjective] > types of English pottery Liverpool1750 Wedgwood1787 Mason1804 Plymouth1816 Rockingham1840 Leeds1863 Jackfield1866 Spode1869 Whieldon1869 Minton1871 Doulton1873 Toft1878 Lambeth1884 Wrotham1884 metropolitan1891 Astbury1904 Pratt1920 Malling1933 1750 G. G. Beekman Let. 27 Aug. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 115 You must mistake about Liverpool ware being 21/ Sterling otherwise it Must not be such yeallow Sort as Comes from Bristol. 1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1769 3 Above the salt is a bed of whitish clay, used in making the Liverpool earthen-ware. 1799 in Naval Docs. U.S. Wars with Barbary Powers (1939) I. 318 Articles, Requisite to be Sent to Algiers... Crates of Liverpool ware. 1810 B. Silliman Jrnl. Trav. I. 48 Most of those articles which are sold in America under the general name of Liverpool wares, are brought to this port from Staffordshire, and other interior countries. 1869 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 5 Nov. (1911) I. 60 A Liverpool printed mug of Gen. Wolfe. 1964 M. Drabble Garrick Year iv. 56 One of my Liverpool ware teapots was broken. 1972 Country Life 6 Jan. 21/3 Liverpool or Delft tiles decorate the fireplace surround. 1972 Collector's Guide Aug. 9/1 (advt.) An extremely rare Liverpool Vase, c. 1760 (William Ball's factory). 1994 Antique Dealer & Collectors Guide June 42/1 Garry Atkins shows a Liverpool delftware plate (c.1760/1770) decorated à la chinoise in Fazackerly colours. b. Originally and chiefly U.S. Designating imported goods which arrive from the port of Liverpool, esp. in Liverpool coal, Liverpool salt. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > goods from specific place Liverpool1758 1758 G. G. Beekman Let. 16 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 321 Liverpool Salt..is the Worst Can be Imported. 1780 F. Hopkinson Let. 11 Aug. in Pennsylvania State Trials (1795) 9 They have carefully examined the said cargo, being Liverpool salt. 1811 Centinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 16 Jan. The New-York papers speak of it as far superior to Liverpool coal. 1841 J. S. Buckngham Amer., Hist., Statist., & Descriptive I. xiii. 164 We preferred discontinuing the use of it [sc. anthracite] in our apartment altogether, and substituting English coal, called here Liverpool coal. 1872 W. W. Hunter Orissa I. iii. 99 Liverpool salt comes out at very low rates, often indeed as ballast, to Calcutta. 1909 Des Moines (Iowa) News 15 June 2/1 He bought the Liverpool goods and found that he could ship it clear around the world..for about two-thirds what he could ship it from Chicago to Spokane by rail. 1997 S. Bandyopadhyay Caste in Colonial India iii. 71 In areas with major Namasudra concentration, like Pirojpur, Liverpool salt was being freely sold. 2. Nautical (now chiefly historical). a. Liverpool house n. = deck-house n. at deck n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck superstructure > deckhouse > types of summercastle1345 summer-hutch1420 poop1551 roundhouse1611 caboose1747 hurricane-house1818 wheelhouse1835 storm-house1836 pilothouse1842 Texas1853 Liverpool house1869 monkey forecastle1870 1869 in C. N. Longridge Cutty Sark (1933) ii. 205 Liverpool house fitted on centre 30 feet long. 1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 422 Liverpool house, a superstructure extending from side to side and situated amidships in large (steel built) sailing vessels. 2004 R. Carter Windjammers ii. 38 The main distinguishing features are Garthpool's open railing around her Liverpool house. b. Liverpool button n. slang a makeshift button or toggle used by sailors to replace one that has been lost. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > toggle Liverpool button1883 toggle1903 1883 Sailors' Lang. Liverpool button—The name for a kind of toggle used by sailors when they lose a button off their coats. 1908 E. Noble Grain Carriers iii. i. 146 Shanghaied crews are usually persons dressed in a rag and a Liverpool button. 1993 O. Friz (title) Liverpool Buttons and Homeward-Bound Stitches: Portrait of a Master Mariner. c. Liverpool pantile n. rare slang a (typically hard) ship's biscuit (see quot. 2007). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > ship's biscuit ship bread1598 bread1625 ship's biscuit1634 pilot bread1788 midshipman's nuts1828 hardtack1830 pilot biscuit1836 pantile1874 Liverpool pantile1899 1899 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 22 Oct. 11/2 In a measure they were bad old days, when ‘salt horse’ and ‘Liverpool pantiles’, as the biscuits were appropriately named, were the staple food of the British Mercantile Marine. 1902 B. Lubbock Round Horn viii. 311 He handed me a regular bad-looking Liverpool pantile from the bread-barge. 1925 B. Hayes Hull Down iii. 28 The biscuits, commonly called ‘Liverpool pantiles’, were so hard you could break them only with a hammer. 2007 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 10 Mar. 30 The display also focuses on sailors' diet over the years. A ship's biscuit dates from about 1914. They were jokingly known as Liverpool Pantiles (roofing tiles) because of their shape and texture. d. Liverpool weather n. colloquial windy and unpleasant weather. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] un-i-withereOE weathera1122 judgement weather1796 muck1855 Liverpool weather1896 1848 Liverpool Mercury 18 Aug. 2/3 Merchants will see from this that Liverpool weather must not be taken as a standard by which to judge of the weather generally.] 1896 R. Kipling in Graphic Christmas 16/2 There was a sou'-wester brewin' when we made the mouth o' the Mersey, a bitter cold morn wi' a grey-green sea and a grey-green sky—Liverpool weather, as they say. 1934 G. H. Grant Consigned to Davy Jones (1935) xviii. 260 If we was on a windbag..it would be what we calls Liverpool weather. e. Liverpool pennant n. slang = Liverpool button n. at sense 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > other fastenings crotcheta1685 skewer1771 back-string1785 guard-chain1832 patte1835 tie-up1896 press-button1908 press fastener1922 Liverpool pennant1933 Velcro1960 1933 J. Masefield Bird of Dawning 287 Liverpool pennants, rope yarns used instead of buttons. 3. Liverpool kiss n. slang (originally U.S. Nautical, now chiefly Australian and New Zealand) a blow delivered to the head or face, esp. a headbutt (cf. Glasgow kiss n.). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > [noun] > with the head bushing1398 butting1598 butt1826 headbutt1925 Liverpool kiss1944 nutting1963 Glasgow kiss1982 1944 Amer. Speech 19 106 A Liverpool kiss is a kick in the chin. 1957 G. Kersh Fowler's End ii. 31 You know what it is, a Liverpool Kiss? Make a quick grab for the lapels o' the coat, an' pull somebody forward. At the same time bunt 'im in the face miv the top o' your 'ead an' kick 'im in the balls miv your knee. 1963 L. L'Amour Fallon vi. 105 He ducked inside another punch, drove his head against Maloon's chest, then ripped up with his skull in the vicious ‘Liverpool kiss’ known to rough-and-tumble fighters everywhere. Maloon's head was smashed back by the impact of the skull under the chin. 1983 Times 28 June 21/6 [In Christchurch, New Zealand] Bainbridge was twice discovered..in the act of indulging the Liverpool kiss. 1999 Australian (Nexis) 25 Jan. 25 He responded with a magnificent Liverpool kiss. 4. Liverpool sound n. the melodic popular music associated with the Beatles and other Liverpool bands, esp. of the 1960s. Cf. Mersey sound at Mersey n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music a cappella1905 soundclash1925 marabi1933 doo-wop1958 filk1959 folk-rock1963 Liverpool sound1963 Mersey beat1963 Mersey sound1963 surf music1963 malombo1964 mbaqanga1964 easy listening1965 disco music1966 Motown1966 boogaloo1967 power pop1967 psychedelia1967 yé-yé1967 agitpop1968 bubblegum1968 Tamla Motown1968 Tex-Mex1968 downtempo1969 taarab1969 thrash1969 world music1969 funk1970 MOR1970 tropicalism1970 Afrobeat1971 electro-pop1971 post-rock1971 techno-pop1971 Tropicalia1971 tropicalismo1971 disco1972 Krautrock1972 schlager1973 Afropop1974 punk funk1974 disco funk1975 Europop1976 mgqashiyo1976 P-funk1976 funkadelia1977 karaoke music1977 alternative music1978 hardcore1978 psychobilly1978 punkabilly1978 R&B1978 cowpunk1979 dangdut1979 hip-hop1979 Northern Soul1979 rap1979 rapping1979 jit1980 trance1980 benga1981 New Romanticism1981 post-punk1981 rap music1981 scratch1982 scratch-music1982 synth-pop1982 electro1983 garage1983 Latin1983 Philly1983 New Age1984 New Age music1985 ambient1986 Britpop1986 gangster rap1986 house1986 house music1986 mbalax1986 rai1986 trot1986 zouk1986 bhangra1987 garage1987 hip-house1987 new school1987 old school1987 thrashcore1987 acid1988 acid house1988 acid jazz1988 ambience1988 Cantopop1988 dance1988 deep house1988 industrial1988 swingbeat1988 techno1988 dream pop1989 gangsta rap1989 multiculti1989 new jack swing1989 noise-pop1989 rave1989 Tejano1989 breakbeat1990 chill-out music1990 indie1990 new jack1990 new jill swing1990 noisecore1990 baggy1991 drum and bass1991 gangsta1991 handbag house1991 hip-pop1991 loungecore1991 psychedelic trance1991 shoegazing1991 slowcore1991 techno-house1991 gabba1992 jungle1992 sadcore1992 UK garage1992 darkcore1993 dark side1993 electronica1993 G-funk1993 sampladelia1994 trip hop1994 break1996 psy-trance1996 nu skool1997 folktronica1999 dubstep2002 Bongo Flava2003 grime2003 Bongo2004 singeli2015 1963 Daily Mail 20 Sept. 10/4 It's been boys, boys, boys from Merseyside who have dominated pop music since the ‘Liverpool sound’ started to carry all before it towards the end of last year. 1963 Daily Tel. 10 Dec. 13 A show by the Beatles, the ‘Liverpool sound’ group, was not typical of ‘pop’ concerts. 1981 Paris (Texas) News 18 Dec. 15/3 Each band has their own sound, it's not a Liverpool sound. 2007 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Dec. 9 The distinctive Liverpool sound has spread across the world in the past five decades. II. absol. uses. 5. Delftware or porcelain manufactured in Liverpool in the 18th cent. ΚΠ 1957 C. W. Mankowitz & R. G. Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pottery & Porcelain 131/2 Liverpool is at times difficult to distinguish from Bristol. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1750
随便看	philonizing philonoist philopagan philopater philopatric philopatry philopeloponnesian philopena philopenas philoperisteronic philopig philoplutary philoplutonic philopoena philopoenas philopoet philopogon philopole philopolemic philopolemical philopolish philopornist philoprogeneity philoprogenitive philoprogenitiveness