liviern.

Brit.

/ˈlɪvɪə/, U.S.

/ˈlɪviər/

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: liver n.²

Etymology: Originally a variant of liver n.² (compare β. forms at that entry and also -ier suffix), now usually distinguished in form in the sense below. Compare earlier livyer n. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (ˈlaɪvɪə(r))

/ˈlʌɪvɪə(r)/, and suggests derivation from the plural of life n.; perhaps compare also life holder n. at life n. Compounds 3 (compare quot. 1883). However, Eng. Dial. Dict. (1900) s.v. Liver records this sense alongside senses of liver n.² with an overarching pronunciation

/ˈlɪvə(r)/,

/ˈlɪvɪə(r)/, and it seems more likely that this word and livyer n. both show variants of liver n.² (hence with short stem vowel).

Originally English regional (Dorset). Now historical.

A person who holds land or property on a lease for life (sometimes renewable from generation to generation). Cf. life tenant n. at life n. Compounds 3.Recorded only by or in relation to Thomas Hardy.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others

drenga1000

selfode1271

thringc1275

particular tenant1590

rack-renter1680

zamindar1683

roturier1830

statutory tenant1867

livier1883

church renter1889

congest1902

1883 T. Hardy in Longman's Mag. July 269 Many of these families had been life-holders... The ‘liviers’ (as these half-independent villagers used to be called).

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. l. 181 ‘Liviers’ were disapproved of in villages almost as much as little freeholders.

1989 J. Rabbetts From Hardy to Faulkner 16 The prosperity of those liviers who flourished, like Hardy's father, exacted a heavy toll in the failure of others.

2006 R. Pite T. Hardy ii. 28 Labourers..were frequently compelled to move from place to place; by contrast, liviers were well-nigh permanent residents.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	livier
释义	liviern. Brit. /ˈlɪvɪə/, U.S. /ˈlɪviər/ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: liver n.² Etymology: Originally a variant of liver n.² (compare β. forms at that entry and also -ier suffix), now usually distinguished in form in the sense below. Compare earlier livyer n. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (ˈlaɪvɪə(r)) /ˈlʌɪvɪə(r)/, and suggests derivation from the plural of life n.; perhaps compare also life holder n. at life n. Compounds 3 (compare quot. 1883). However, Eng. Dial. Dict. (1900) s.v. Liver records this sense alongside senses of liver n.² with an overarching pronunciation /ˈlɪvə(r)/, /ˈlɪvɪə(r)/, and it seems more likely that this word and livyer n. both show variants of liver n.² (hence with short stem vowel). Originally English regional (Dorset). Now historical. A person who holds land or property on a lease for life (sometimes renewable from generation to generation). Cf. life tenant n. at life n. Compounds 3.Recorded only by or in relation to Thomas Hardy. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others drenga1000 selfode1271 thringc1275 particular tenant1590 rack-renter1680 zamindar1683 roturier1830 statutory tenant1867 livier1883 church renter1889 congest1902 1883 T. Hardy in Longman's Mag. July 269 Many of these families had been life-holders... The ‘liviers’ (as these half-independent villagers used to be called). 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. l. 181 ‘Liviers’ were disapproved of in villages almost as much as little freeholders. 1989 J. Rabbetts From Hardy to Faulkner 16 The prosperity of those liviers who flourished, like Hardy's father, exacted a heavy toll in the failure of others. 2006 R. Pite T. Hardy ii. 28 Labourers..were frequently compelled to move from place to place; by contrast, liviers were well-nigh permanent residents. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1883
随便看	dekkoing dekkos del del credere del credere account del credere agent del credere commission del credere terms del-takand del-taking delabe delabialization delabializations delabialize delabialized delabializes delabializing delabiate delabrate delabrated delace delacrimate delacrimation delacrimative delactation