liningn.1
/ˈlʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ 1. figurative.1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 773 As bombast and as lyning to the time. View more context for this quotation1647 J. Trapp Mellificium Theol. in Comm. Epist. & Rev. 648 Allin had a Cardinals hat, but with so thin lining (means to support his state) that he was commonly called, The starveling Cardinall.
a. concrete. The stuff with which garments are lined; the inner or under surface of material stitched into a coat, robe, hat, etc. for protection or warmth.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > lining
lining1401
interline?1577
underlining1580
body lining1676
buggy1890
liner1947
1401–2 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 393 In..factura..trium casularum cum lynynges.
1462 Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 149 For lynynge to the sayd jaket, xij.d.
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 54 Betwene the outside and the lynyng of the Quenes cloke.
1666 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 73 Loynings for my breches and pockets.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1057 Patterns of hat-linings.
1871 M. Arnold Friendship's Garland 165 I write with a bit of coal on the lining of my hat.
b. plural. Drawers; underclothing. dialect.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun]
linenc1330
napery1598
small clothes1625
linings1631
unders1731
underdress1788
unmentionable1791
unexpressible1810
underclothes1824
underclothing1835
unmentionabilities1840
underthings1864
underwear1872
under-gear1883
innerwear1904
scanty1928
smalls1934
long john1941
skivvy1945
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > wide or loose
slops1481
shipman's hose1540
slop1560
shipman's breek1563
drawers1567
kelsouns1568
scaling1577
scavilones1577
scabilonian1600
calzoons1615
linings1631
swabber-slopsa1658
pantaloon1686
underslops1737
trousers1773
pyjamas1801
Cossacks1820
Turkish trousers1821
hakama1822
salwar1824
slacks1824
sherwal1844
overall1845
bag1853
sack-pants1856
bloomer1862
trouser skirt1883
petticoat trousers1885
mompe1908
step-in1922
bombachas1936
baggies1962
jams1966
palazzo1970
hose-
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. v. 26 in Wks. II I ha' seene as fine outsides, as either o' yours, bring lowsie linings to the Brokers, ere now, twice a weeke.
1655 tr. C. Sorel Comical Hist. Francion iv. 1 His lynings hanging out of his Breeches down unto his shoes.
1669 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 174 A pair of flannill loynings, 2s.
1693 T. Southerne Maids Last Prayer iii. iii. 31 L. Mal. Drawers, my Lord, you mean. Ld. Mal. Jesu! no; you know I never wear Linings.
1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 66 Līnins, shirt-sleeves; ‘I was standin' i' my bare līnins.’
1894 Hetton-le-Hole Gloss. Linings, pit~men's drawers, fastened at the knee by strings.
2.
a. In extended use: Any material occurring or placed next beneath the outside one (for spec. applications see quots.).
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > lining
underlining1580
shirt1640
lining1713
inlayer1868
liner1959
1713 A. Pope in Guardian 16 Mar. 2/1 I have found unvalued Repositories of Learning in the Lining of Bandboxes.
1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy I. vi. 150 Some fragments of marble linings..remain to attest the ancient magnificence of this port.
1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 61 Ironstone of black colour (Black~stone lining).
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. p. xlvi Placentae covering the whole lining of the carpella.
1834 Pickering's Catalogue 1 Biblia Sacra Hebræa... Bound in blue morocco, with morocco linings.
1834 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 300/1 The lining of the abdominal muscles.
1841 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. Lining,..a term applied to puddle laid along the bottom and upon the sloping sides of canals, whereby it prevents the water from escaping.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 994 s.v. Lining is distinguished from casing, the first being a covering in the interior of a building, whilst the latter is the covering of the exterior part of a building.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Linings, the reef-bands, leech and top linings, bunt-line cloths, and other applied pieces, to prevent the chafing of the sails.
1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 231 These barrels,..are welded upon a ‘chemise’, or plain iron lining.
1895 Cassell's New Techn. Educ. III. 362/1 The lining of the edges of modern dining-tables is composed of wood similar in age and character..to that of the table-top.
b. Proverb.
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1637 J. Milton Comus 8 Was I deceiv'd, or did a sable cloud Turne forth her silver lining on the night?]
1871 S. Smiles Character viii. 218 While we see the cloud, let us not shut our eyes to the silver lining.
1885 W. S. Gilbert Mikado ii, in Orig. Plays (1895) 3rd Ser. 198 Don't let's be down-hearted! There's a silver lining to every cloud.
3. figurative. Contents; that which is inside.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > that which is within > contents
liningc1430
recluse?1440
content1526
supellex1553
furniture1612
gut1663
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 52 Ne hath no joie to do no besinesse, Sauff of a tankarde to pluk out the lynyng.
c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 53, 54, 55.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David v. iv Mischief their soules for inmost lyning have.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 60 The lining of his coffers shall make coates To decke our souldiers for these Irish warres. View more context for this quotation
a1626 W. Rowley New Wonder (1632) iv. i. 64 This leane Gentleman lookes As if he had no lining in 's guts.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 2 And (whatever the linings were) certain it is there was such a fair outside of love..as eye scarce ever beheld the like.
1738 Lady's Decoy 4 in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. VI. 205 My money is spent; Can I be content With pockets depriv'd of their lining?
1879 J. Burroughs Locusts & Wild Honey 69 I was sure to return at meal-time with a lining of berries in the top of my straw hat.
4. The action of line v.1; providing with a lining. Also lining up. See line v.1 5.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > lining > provision with
lining1839
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 636 [The hat] is then ready for the last operations of lining and binding.
1880 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding xix. 84 Books that have been over-cast in the sewing should have rather a strong lining up.
1885 W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding xv. 118 This stage of the lining is represented at Fig. 105.
1889 Work 22 June I. 234/1 The following directions do not pretend to cover the whole subject of lining up [in cabinet-making].
1895 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Short Hist. Bookbinding Gloss. 26 Lining-up, i.e., glueing the back to receive the necessary paper, linen, or soft leather before the final cover goes on.
Compounds
attributive, as lining cloth, lining paper, lining piece; lining side n. the inside or under side.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > inner surface
inside1504
lining sidea1585
withinside1814
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > other types of paper
India paper1721
whitey-brown1761
hot press1807
splash-paper1811
India proof1812
India paper proof1814
crinkled paper1820
pattern paper1849
powder paper1856
sheathing1859
chartaline1880
lining paper1880
Whatman1880
greaseproof paper1894
papyroxylin1894
shelf paper1895
corrugated paper1897
construction paper1902
Ingres paper1910
liner1921
cartolina1936
wood-free1966
a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) vi. 46 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 164 With laidlie lippis and lynning syd turnd out.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 45 On the after part of the sail is a lining cloth for receiving the chafe of the tops.
1880 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding Gloss. Lining Papers, the coloured or marbled papers at each end of the volume.
1889 Work 22 June I. 234/2 The lining pieces will be of..3-in. width.
1938 Burlington Mag. July 34/2 Pasted inside [a hanging food cupboard] are the remains of a seventeenth-century lining-paper.
1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper viii. 87 Rolls of lining papers of all kinds consume a large volume of paper in many grades.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
liningn.2
/ˈlʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ The action of line v.2
1. Arranging in line, alignment (chiefly Military). Also lining-up.
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the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > action of
ranking1581
lining1598
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 48 That kind of lining which is vsed in placing a pike and a shot.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 48 Lyning of battels with shot or bowes.
1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) A Lining (or making straight by a line) a thing drawne by line, alignement.
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 68 The looking and lining of the soldier is always towards that point.
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 68 By the men's lining themselves to one hand (inwards).
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 503/2 Lining-up, the operation of arranging the bearings of an engine crank~shaft, etc. in perfect alignment.
1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 107/1 Lining up, the setting of camera or other controls, in order to obtain a correctly framed picture.
1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset v. 51 Modern layout and lining-up tables are in many respects similar to stripping benches or shiners, with straight edges often in the form of steel rules, and micrometer-adjustable.
2.
a. The use of the measuring line or of a stretched cord for alignment.
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1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Lining, the act of marking the length, breadth, or depth of any piece of timber, according to instruction and design, by a cord rubbed with red or white chalk.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 625 When the slater has finished the eaves, he strains a line on the face of the upper slates... This lining and laying is continued close to the ridge of the roof.
1860 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (new ed.) (Newcastle Terms) Lining, dialling or surveying underground.
b. In Scottish royal burghs: The authoritative fixing of the boundaries of burghal properties. Now usually short for decree of lining, the permission granted by a Dean of Guild to erect or alter a building according to specified conditions. Before the institution of Dean of Guild Courts, this permission had to be obtained from the Chancery, the instrument being called a brieve of lining.
ΚΠ
1574 Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1832) 11 The quhilk day the thre Baillies and ane parte of þe counsale past to visie and decyde þe questione of Lyneyng and nytbourheid betuix Thomas Crawfurd..and maister Dauid Conynghame.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (1693) iv. iii. §13 554 The third Unretourable Brieve, is, the Brieve of Lyning, which is of this Tenor.
1889 Cases Court of Session 4th Ser. 16 259 If, for instance, it was proposed to set up a blubber or a glue work in one of the divisions of Princes Street, the Dean of Guild might refuse a lining because [etc.].
1898 N. Brit. Daily Mail 23 Sept. 3 This year..649 linings having been granted at a valuation of £2,106,760.
3. Tracing of lines. lining out: see quot. 1823.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > drawing in specific manner
purfling1601
outlining1795
lining1823
sketching1824
free-hand1841
model-drawing1843
cartooning1846
line-work1895
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 587 Lining-out; drawing lines on a piece of timber, &c. so as to cut it into boards, planks, or other figures.
1839 W. A. Chatto Treat. Wood Engraving viii. 663 Some wood engravers are but too apt to pride themselves on the delicacy of their lining.
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding viii. 144 When the lining-out had been completed the beam-arms were punched out.
4. The giving out of a hymn (by the precentor) line by line. Also lining out.
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society > faith > worship > church music > [noun] > giving out by line
lining1863
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > singing of hymns > action of precentor
lining1863
1863 ‘S. L. Jones’ Life in South I. xvii. 355 Next follows a hymn of alternate singing and ‘lining’.
1883 G. W. Curtis in Harper's Mag. Dec. 14/2 The ancient leading and lining of the hymn gave way to modern psalmody.
1894 N. Dickson Auld Sc. Precentor 20 This practice was called ‘lining out’, or ‘reading the line’.
1917 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IX. 27/2 In the ordinary parish churches metrical Psalms only were sung. ‘Lining out’ by the ‘clerk’, or precentor, was the order, singing in unison without organ accompaniment the rule.
1968 P. Oliver Screening Blues ii. 82 ‘Lining out’ in which a lead singer paces a line and the congregation follows with the same line or a refrain response with a linear reply.
5. Fishing with a line.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > fishing with line
lining1833
line-fishing1848
longlining1858
hand-lining1868
Murrumbidgee whaling1873
night-lining1894
1833 J. V. C. Smith Fishes Massachusetts 262 It [Weak-Fish] is taken both by lining and seining.
1897 Ld. Mayo in 19th Cent. Aug. 199 (note) Cross-lining, a mode of fishing with two boats; a long line dressed with flies is dragged between each boat.
Compounds
attributive: lining-gauge n., †lining-stick n. a type-founder's tool for testing the exact evenness of the bottom serifs of the letters.
ΚΠ
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 154 The Lining-Stick is about two Inches long for small Letters.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† liningn.3
The action of line v.3
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > mating
lining1611
tie1951
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Alignement,..the ligning of a bitch.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
liningadj.
/ˈlʌɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ That lines or forms a lining.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adjective] > lining
lining1853
1853 W. O. Markham tr. J. Skoda Treat. Auscultation 265 Catarrhal inflammation of the lining-membrane of the bronchial tubes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11401
n.21574
n.31611
adj.1853- prome
- promenadable
- promenade
- promenade band
- promenade bonnet
- promenade concert
- promenade deck
- promenade platform
- promenade position
- promenade terrace
- promenaded
- promenader
- promenaderess
- promenaders
- promenades
- promenading
- promeristem
- promerit
- promeritor
- promerops
- prometaphase
- promethazine
- promethea
- promethea moth
- promethean