lithn.¹

/lɪθ/

Forms: Old English leoð, Old English–Middle English lið, Middle English–1500s, 1800s lithe, Middle English–1500s lyth, Middle English liþþe, Middle English leth, lythe, Middle English, 1600s, 1800s leith, 1500s lethe, Middle English– lith.

Etymology: Old English liþ neuter = Old Frisian lith , lid neuter, Old Saxon lið (masculine) (Dutch lid neuter), Old High German lid masculine and neuter, Old Norse lið-r (masculine) (Swedish and Danish led masculine), Gothic liþus masculine < Germanic *liþu- < pre-Germanic *litu- < root *lῑ- < see limb n.¹ A compound of this word with the prefix ga- (= y- prefix) is Old High German gilid (German glied limb, member).

Obsolete exc. archaic or dialect.

1. A limb. lith from lith, †from lith to lith: limb from limb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > [noun]

lithc900

limb971

memberc1384

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > [adverb]

limb-mealc1050

lith from lithc1430

from lith to lith1496

limbmeally1569

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iv. xxx[i]. (Schipper) 534 He wæs bygendlic on þam geþeodnessum his liþa [v.rr. leoða, lima].

OE Crist III 1031 Sceal þonne anra gehwylc fore Cristed cyme cwic arisan, leoðum onfon ond lichoman, edgeong wesan.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 8494 Wawains breþer on & oþer smiten euerich liþ fram oþer.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 99 Sche hath no lith withoute a lak.

c1410 Sir Cleges 292 I schall the bette euery leth, Hede and body, wythout greth.

c1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 53 To make al hir body to be rent lyth from lyth.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. vi. 38/1 The horryble wheles whiche the tyraunt Maxencius ordeyned to rente her from lyth to lyth.

1732 E. Erskine Serm. in Wks. (1871) II. 177 Everything was in its proper joint and lith, subservient unto the great end of their creation.

a. A joint; frequent in lith and limb, etc.; also lith and bone. out of lith: out of joint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [noun]

lithc1000

jointc1290

jointure1382

conjunctionc1400

article?a1425

juncture?a1500

linka1547

articulation1578

flexion1607

coarticulation1615

de-articulation1615

syntax1615

internodium1653

saddle joint1867

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 242 On ðone lið þæra eaxla.

c1220 Bestiary 626 He ne hauen no lið ðat he muȝen risen wið.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12612 Weri was sco bath lith and ban.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iii. xiv Allas syr sayd the lady myn arme is oute of lythe.

c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 518 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 456 Quhat sek mane þat twechit hym, his hele he gat in lith & lyme.

15.. How Gd. Wyfe taught Dau. 38 in Q. Eliz. Acad. 45 Loke þou mekly ansuere hym, And meue hym noþer lyth ne lymme.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 135 Thow art moir lerge of lyth and lym Nor I am, be sic thre.

1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 31 Ilky member, Lith and Limb.

a1782 Ld. Auchinleck in J. W. Croker Boswell's Life Johnson (1831) III. 79 (note) God, doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a lith in their neck.

a1828 Bonny Bows o Lond. xvii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 135/2 He's taen a lith o her little finger bane.

1828 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 683 I..finally sunk away into voluptuous diffusion of lith and limb on that celestial sofa.

b. figurative esp. in phrase to hit the lith or to hit upon the lith, an expression borrowed from carving.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 191 Þus lo þe arrucles þet beoð as me seið þe liðes of ure bileaue anond monnes.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 221 To hold off an erroneous conclusion in the least wing or lith of sweet sweet truth.

1728 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden (ed. 3) 146 Of late, I have heard some Liths and Nicks of the Gospel made plain.

1728 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden (ed. 3) 127 And seldom hit upon the right Lith or Joint.

c. The last joint or tip (of the finger).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > parts of

lithc1000

finger endc1300

fingertip1534

finger joint1657

pulp1686

finger point1823

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 24 Send lazarum þæt he dyppe his fingres lið on wætere & mine tungan gehæle.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 343 A scar abune the brow, that ye might hae laid the lith of your finger in.

3. Scottish. A division (of an orange, etc.); one of the rings surrounding the base of a cow's horn.

ΚΠ

1795 G. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Mid-Lothian (new ed.) 155 The horns (of the Mysore cow in particular) are without annulets, or liths as we call them.

a1859 J. P. Nichol (Ogilv.) The reader will at once comprehend the reason by cutting an orange through its centre obliquely to its axis. Each lith is of equal size, but the exposed surface of each on the freshly-cut circle will not be so.

1890 H. Drummond in Life (1899) xv. 376 A green banana leaf..wound once round the head after being cut into four or five ‘liths’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† lithn.²

Etymology: Old English hliþ neuter < Old Germanic type *hliþo ^m, < root *hlῑ- (see lean v.¹, ladder n.) < pre-Germanic *klei-; compare the ablaut variant Old Norse hlíð of the same meaning.

Obsolete.

A slope.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun]

hield943

lithOE

pendanta1387

bankc1390

slentc1400

shoring1567

rist1577

inclining1596

slope1626

side-slip1649

slant1655

sideling1802

hang1808

siding1852

counterslope1853

bajada1866

tilt1903

palaeoslope1957

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > side

lithOE

sideOE

hillside?a1400

braea1500

bankside1586

sidehill1607

sidelanda1722

OE Andreas (1932) 841 Beorgas steape, hleoðu hlifodon, ymbe harne stan tigelfagan trafu, torras stodon, windige weallas.

OE Beowulf 1893 No he mid hearme of hliðes nosan gæstas grette.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 117 Þere weren men of eche londe þat is under heuene liðe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 16084 Ȝeond wudes & ȝeond liðen.

1789 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne 250 A steep abrupt pasture field..known by the name of the Short Lithe.

1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne (1853) 171 Steep pastures are called the Lithe.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

† lithn.³

Forms: Also Middle English lið, leoð.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse lið.

Etymology: Old Norse lið a host, also help, < root of líða to go, travel, go on an expedition (see lead v.¹).

Obsolete.

1. A body of men.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered

weredc725

trumec893

thrumOE

wharfOE

flockOE

farec1275

lithc1275

ferd1297

companyc1300

flotec1300

routc1300

rowc1300

turbc1330

body1340

numberc1350

congregation1382

presencec1390

meiniec1400

storec1400

sum1400

manya1425

collegec1430

peoplec1449

schoola1450

turm1483

catervea1492

garrison?a1513

shoal1579

troop1584

bevy1604

roast1608

horde1613

gross1617

rhapsody1654

sortment1710

tribe1715

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2647 We wullet gan a leoðe.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 181 Þre leodes in o lith non lenger þan other, Of one mochel & myȝte in mesure and in lengthe.

2. Help, remedy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help

redeeOE

helpc893

bootOE

friendOE

lithc1275

helpera1300

a helping handa1300

helpingc1330

bieldc1352

succour?a1366

supplementc1384

easementa1398

succourer1442

aid?1473

assister1535

assistant?1541

adminicle1551

mystery1581

second1590

auxiliatory1599

subsidium1640

suffragan1644

facilitation1648

adminiculary1652

auxiliary1656

auxiliar1670

ally1794

Boy Scout1918

assist1954

facilitator1987

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2600 Nes þer nan oðer lið ȝif heo nalden ȝernen grið.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† lithn.⁴

Forms: Also Middle English lithe, lythe.

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Of somewhat uncertain origin; most probably < Old Norse lýð-r people, vassals collectively (see lede n.¹); but it may wholly or partly be a use of lith n.³ 1.

Obsolete.

People, subjects, vassals. Only in alliterative phrases. (Cf. lede n.¹ 1b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority > and owing allegiance > collectively

lithc1300

loyal?c1550

merry man1874

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2515 Lond and lith, and oþer catel.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 194 Þer wille wille not be went, ne lete lond ne lith [Fr. tere ne tenement].

1357 Lay Folks Catech. 252 In cas that we have..Wittandly and willfalli gere our euen cristen..falsly be desesed of land or of lithe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13165 Noþer i ask þe lith na land.

c1420 Anturs of Arth. liii. (Douce) Here I gif Sir Galerone..Al þe londes and þe lithes fro lauer to layre.

c1440 Bone Flor. 841 Who schall us now geve londes or lythe, Hawkys, or howndes?

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 139 J am lyke to tyne vp all, bathe..land lythe, and place.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

lithn.⁵

/lɪθ/

Etymology: Abbreviation of lithography n.

A photographic film that is thinly coated with emulsion for producing images of extremely high contrast and density, used in lithographic printing. Usually attributive, esp. in lith film.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film

film negative1871

roll1889

roll film1895

reversal film1929

colour film1930

lenticular film1934

pan1940

test strip1940

flat film1950

integral tripack1953

lith1955

overhead transparency1966

1955 Jrnl. Photogr. Sci. 3 98/1 The modern ‘lith’ type of dry plate emulsion.

1959 E. Jaffe et al. Color Separation Photogr. 167 Lith-type developers refer to the high-contrast, formaldehyde developers.

1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset ix. 123 A ‘lith’ film must have a gamma above 10 which is necessary to build up screen dots having an extremely steep density gradient.

1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset ix. 124 With ‘lith’ developer blackening starts in the areas of maximum action of light, spreading gradually until the areas of minimum light action are developed.

1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 196 The Gorilla story had to be entirely re-set when the lith-film had gone through the plate-makers' department totally blank.

1979 Amateur Photographer 10 Jan. 74/2 If you want to do any ortho film work (like lith films) you can work under safelight conditions, but check on the correct ortho safelight filter before you buy.

1991 Photo Answers Mar. 38 (caption) Lith is great for many subjects but here it has been used to create a really eye-catching portrait.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1997; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† lithv.

Forms:

α. Old English leoþian, early Middle English leoþie (south-west midlands), early Middle English leoðie (south-west midlands), early Middle English leþegi, early Middle English leðie, Middle English leþe, Middle English leth.

β. Middle English lithe, Middle English lythe.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old High German lidōn to separate, sever, cut up < the same Germanic base as lith n.¹In Old English only in one isolated attestation (see quot. OE at sense 1); another instance (perhaps in passive sense ‘to be loosed or released’) may perhaps be shown by leoðode in the following passage; however, the text is clearly corrupt at this point, and the precise identity and meaning of the word are difficult to determine with certainty:OE Guthlac A 392 Ða wæs eft swa ær ealdfeonda nið, wroht onwyl leð [read onwylled]; soð [read woð] oþerne [perh. read oþer þær ne] lythwon leoðode, þonne in lyft astag ceargesta cirm. The prefixed form geliþian to loose, to set free, release (compare y- prefix), is more commonly attested; compare also aliþian alith v., onliþian to loose, untie (compare un- prefix², and- prefix), tōliþian (see to-lithe vb. at to- prefix² 1). The α. forms show (Anglian) back mutation of original i (initially to io , later eo ) levelled throughout the conjugation from forms where a back vowel followed (compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§212–13); the Old English antecedent of the β. forms (liþian) is not attested for the simplex verb.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To set free, release; to rescue, save (a person); to loose, untie (a bond).In Old English with dative.

ΚΠ

OE Riming Poem 40 Foldan ic freoþode, folcum ic leoþode.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 71 (MED) Ure drihten leðeð þe sinne bendes.

a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 149 (MED) And þenne him swiðe longeð þider [sc. to heaven], him seluen leðien ne mai, he sent his þoht.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2384 If he him wold leoðien [c1300 Otho griþie] of laðe his benden..he wolde his mon beon.

a1325 St. Peter (Corpus Cambr.) l. 198 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 254 (MED) Ichelle deliueri him of prison & leþegi is benden bliue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24902 (MED) Geten was sco to be born For to leth [Coll Phys. leþe, Fairf. lause, Gött. sauue] all þat war forlorn.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 752 (MED) What if þretty þryvande be þrad in ȝon tounez, What schal I leve if [perh. read of] my Lorde, if he hem leþe wolde?

2. transitive. To cut off, sever. Also: to destroy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)]

to bring to noughteOE

forspillc893

fordilghec900

to bring to naughtOE

astryea1200

stroyc1200

forferec1275

misdoa1325

destroyc1330

naught1340

dingc1380

beshenda1400

devoida1400

unshapea1400

to wend downa1400

brittenc1400

unloukc1400

perishc1426

defeat1435

unmake1439

lithc1450

spend1481

kill1530

to shend ofc1540

quade1565

to make away1566

discreate1570

wrake1570

wracka1586

unwork1587

gaster1609

defease1621

unbe1624

uncreate1633

destructa1638

naufragate1648

stifle1725

stramash1788

disannul1794

destructify1841

locust1868

to knock out1944

dick1972

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3754 (MED) To lithe vs all if þou limpes, na louyng þou gettis, For þou wynnes noȝt bot wemen.

c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 18026 (MED) Þen toyȝt þe kyng he lyfed to lang; his lyms he lythyd of fast in fere [c1460 Longleat his lymes the kytt of infere] And put hym sythyn to payns strang.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 168^v Pirrus..Vnioynet the Iawmbe of þe iust arme Þat hit light on þe laund lythet full euyn.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : -lithcomb. form

n.¹c900

n.²OE

n.³c1275

n.⁴c1300

n.⁵1955

v.OE

单词	lith
释义	lithn.¹ /lɪθ/ Forms: Old English leoð, Old English–Middle English lið, Middle English–1500s, 1800s lithe, Middle English–1500s lyth, Middle English liþþe, Middle English leth, lythe, Middle English, 1600s, 1800s leith, 1500s lethe, Middle English– lith. Etymology: Old English liþ neuter = Old Frisian lith , lid neuter, Old Saxon lið (masculine) (Dutch lid neuter), Old High German lid masculine and neuter, Old Norse lið-r (masculine) (Swedish and Danish led masculine), Gothic liþus masculine < Germanic liþu- < pre-Germanic litu- < root lῑ- < see limb n.¹ A compound of this word with the prefix ga-* (= y- prefix) is Old High German gilid (German glied limb, member). Obsolete exc. archaic or dialect. 1. A limb. lith from lith, †from lith to lith: limb from limb. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > [noun] lithc900 limb971 memberc1384 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > [adverb] limb-mealc1050 lith from lithc1430 from lith to lith1496 limbmeally1569 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iv. xxx[i]. (Schipper) 534 He wæs bygendlic on þam geþeodnessum his liþa [v.rr. leoða, lima]. OE Crist III 1031 Sceal þonne anra gehwylc fore Cristed cyme cwic arisan, leoðum onfon ond lichoman, edgeong wesan. c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 8494 Wawains breþer on & oþer smiten euerich liþ fram oþer. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 99 Sche hath no lith withoute a lak. c1410 Sir Cleges 292 I schall the bette euery leth, Hede and body, wythout greth. c1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 53 To make al hir body to be rent lyth from lyth. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) i. vi. 38/1 The horryble wheles whiche the tyraunt Maxencius ordeyned to rente her from lyth to lyth. 1732 E. Erskine Serm. in Wks. (1871) II. 177 Everything was in its proper joint and lith, subservient unto the great end of their creation. 2. a. A joint; frequent in lith and limb, etc.; also lith and bone. out of lith: out of joint. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > [noun] lithc1000 jointc1290 jointure1382 conjunctionc1400 article?a1425 juncture?a1500 linka1547 articulation1578 flexion1607 coarticulation1615 de-articulation1615 syntax1615 internodium1653 saddle joint1867 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 242 On ðone lið þæra eaxla. c1220 Bestiary 626 He ne hauen no lið ðat he muȝen risen wið. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12612 Weri was sco bath lith and ban. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iii. xiv Allas syr sayd the lady myn arme is oute of lythe. c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 518 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 456 Quhat sek mane þat twechit hym, his hele he gat in lith & lyme. 15.. How Gd. Wyfe taught Dau. 38 in Q. Eliz. Acad. 45 Loke þou mekly ansuere hym, And meue hym noþer lyth ne lymme. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) ii. 135 Thow art moir lerge of lyth and lym Nor I am, be sic thre. 1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 31 Ilky member, Lith and Limb. a1782 Ld. Auchinleck in J. W. Croker Boswell's Life Johnson (1831) III. 79 (note) God, doctor! he gart kings ken that they had a lith in their neck. a1828 Bonny Bows o Lond. xvii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 135/2 He's taen a lith o her little finger bane. 1828 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 683 I..finally sunk away into voluptuous diffusion of lith and limb on that celestial sofa. b. figurative esp. in phrase to hit the lith or to hit upon the lith, an expression borrowed from carving. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 191 Þus lo þe arrucles þet beoð as me seið þe liðes of ure bileaue anond monnes. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 221 To hold off an erroneous conclusion in the least wing or lith of sweet sweet truth. 1728 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden (ed. 3) 146 Of late, I have heard some Liths and Nicks of the Gospel made plain. 1728 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden (ed. 3) 127 And seldom hit upon the right Lith or Joint. c. The last joint or tip (of the finger). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > parts of lithc1000 finger endc1300 fingertip1534 finger joint1657 pulp1686 finger point1823 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xvi. 24 Send lazarum þæt he dyppe his fingres lið on wætere & mine tungan gehæle. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 343 A scar abune the brow, that ye might hae laid the lith of your finger in. 3. Scottish. A division (of an orange, etc.); one of the rings surrounding the base of a cow's horn. ΚΠ 1795 G. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Mid-Lothian (new ed.) 155 The horns (of the Mysore cow in particular) are without annulets, or liths as we call them. a1859 J. P. Nichol (Ogilv.) The reader will at once comprehend the reason by cutting an orange through its centre obliquely to its axis. Each lith is of equal size, but the exposed surface of each on the freshly-cut circle will not be so. 1890 H. Drummond in Life (1899) xv. 376 A green banana leaf..wound once round the head after being cut into four or five ‘liths’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † lithn.² Etymology: Old English hliþ neuter < Old Germanic type hliþo ^m, < root hlῑ- (see lean v.¹, ladder n.) < pre-Germanic klei-; compare the ablaut variant Old Norse hlíð* of the same meaning. Obsolete. A slope. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] hield943 lithOE pendanta1387 bankc1390 slentc1400 shoring1567 rist1577 inclining1596 slope1626 side-slip1649 slant1655 sideling1802 hang1808 siding1852 counterslope1853 bajada1866 tilt1903 palaeoslope1957 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > side lithOE sideOE hillside?a1400 braea1500 bankside1586 sidehill1607 sidelanda1722 OE Andreas (1932) 841 Beorgas steape, hleoðu hlifodon, ymbe harne stan tigelfagan trafu, torras stodon, windige weallas. OE Beowulf 1893 No he mid hearme of hliðes nosan gæstas grette. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 117 Þere weren men of eche londe þat is under heuene liðe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 16084 Ȝeond wudes & ȝeond liðen. 1789 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne 250 A steep abrupt pasture field..known by the name of the Short Lithe. 1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne (1853) 171 Steep pastures are called the Lithe.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2018). † lithn.³ Forms: Also Middle English lið, leoð. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse lið. Etymology: Old Norse lið a host, also help, < root of líða to go, travel, go on an expedition (see lead v.¹). Obsolete. 1. A body of men. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered weredc725 trumec893 thrumOE wharfOE flockOE farec1275 lithc1275 ferd1297 companyc1300 flotec1300 routc1300 rowc1300 turbc1330 body1340 numberc1350 congregation1382 presencec1390 meiniec1400 storec1400 sum1400 manya1425 collegec1430 peoplec1449 schoola1450 turm1483 catervea1492 garrison?a1513 shoal1579 troop1584 bevy1604 roast1608 horde1613 gross1617 rhapsody1654 sortment1710 tribe1715 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2647 We wullet gan a leoðe. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 181 Þre leodes in o lith non lenger þan other, Of one mochel & myȝte in mesure and in lengthe. 2. Help, remedy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help redeeOE helpc893 bootOE friendOE lithc1275 helpera1300 a helping handa1300 helpingc1330 bieldc1352 succour?a1366 supplementc1384 easementa1398 succourer1442 aid?1473 assister1535 assistant?1541 adminicle1551 mystery1581 second1590 auxiliatory1599 subsidium1640 suffragan1644 facilitation1648 adminiculary1652 auxiliary1656 auxiliar1670 ally1794 Boy Scout1918 assist1954 facilitator1987 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2600 Nes þer nan oðer lið ȝif heo nalden ȝernen grið. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † lithn.⁴ Forms: Also Middle English lithe, lythe. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Of somewhat uncertain origin; most probably < Old Norse lýð-r people, vassals collectively (see lede n.¹); but it may wholly or partly be a use of lith n.³ 1. Obsolete. People, subjects, vassals. Only in alliterative phrases. (Cf. lede n.¹ 1b.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] > one subject to authority > and owing allegiance > collectively lithc1300 loyal?c1550 merry man1874 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2515 Lond and lith, and oþer catel. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 194 Þer wille wille not be went, ne lete lond ne lith [Fr. tere ne tenement]. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 252 In cas that we have..Wittandly and willfalli gere our euen cristen..falsly be desesed of land or of lithe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13165 Noþer i ask þe lith na land. c1420 Anturs of Arth. liii. (Douce) Here I gif Sir Galerone..Al þe londes and þe lithes fro lauer to layre. c1440 Bone Flor. 841 Who schall us now geve londes or lythe, Hawkys, or howndes? c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 139 J am lyke to tyne vp all, bathe..land lythe, and place. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2021). lithn.⁵ /lɪθ/ Etymology: Abbreviation of lithography n. A photographic film that is thinly coated with emulsion for producing images of extremely high contrast and density, used in lithographic printing. Usually attributive, esp. in lith film. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > types of film film negative1871 roll1889 roll film1895 reversal film1929 colour film1930 lenticular film1934 pan1940 test strip1940 flat film1950 integral tripack1953 lith1955 overhead transparency1966 1955 Jrnl. Photogr. Sci. 3 98/1 The modern ‘lith’ type of dry plate emulsion. 1959 E. Jaffe et al. Color Separation Photogr. 167 Lith-type developers refer to the high-contrast, formaldehyde developers. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset ix. 123 A ‘lith’ film must have a gamma above 10 which is necessary to build up screen dots having an extremely steep density gradient. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset ix. 124 With ‘lith’ developer blackening starts in the areas of maximum action of light, spreading gradually until the areas of minimum light action are developed. 1977 Transatlantic Rev. No. 60. 196 The Gorilla story had to be entirely re-set when the lith-film had gone through the plate-makers' department totally blank. 1979 Amateur Photographer 10 Jan. 74/2 If you want to do any ortho film work (like lith films) you can work under safelight conditions, but check on the correct ortho safelight filter before you buy. 1991 Photo Answers Mar. 38 (caption) Lith is great for many subjects but here it has been used to create a really eye-catching portrait. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1997; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † lithv. Forms: α. Old English leoþian, early Middle English leoþie (south-west midlands), early Middle English leoðie (south-west midlands), early Middle English leþegi, early Middle English leðie, Middle English leþe, Middle English leth. β. Middle English lithe, Middle English lythe. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old High German lidōn to separate, sever, cut up < the same Germanic base as lith n.¹In Old English only in one isolated attestation (see quot. OE at sense 1); another instance (perhaps in passive sense ‘to be loosed or released’) may perhaps be shown by leoðode in the following passage; however, the text is clearly corrupt at this point, and the precise identity and meaning of the word are difficult to determine with certainty:OE Guthlac A 392 Ða wæs eft swa ær ealdfeonda nið, wroht onwyl leð [read onwylled]; soð [read woð] oþerne [perh. read oþer þær ne] lythwon leoðode, þonne in lyft astag ceargesta cirm. The prefixed form geliþian to loose, to set free, release (compare y- prefix), is more commonly attested; compare also aliþian alith v., onliþian to loose, untie (compare un- prefix², and- prefix), tōliþian (see to-lithe vb. at to- prefix² 1). The α. forms show (Anglian) back mutation of original i (initially to io , later eo ) levelled throughout the conjugation from forms where a back vowel followed (compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§212–13); the Old English antecedent of the β. forms (liþian) is not attested for the simplex verb. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To set free, release; to rescue, save (a person); to loose, untie (a bond).In Old English with dative. ΚΠ OE Riming Poem 40 Foldan ic freoþode, folcum ic leoþode. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 71 (MED) Ure drihten leðeð þe sinne bendes. a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 149 (MED) And þenne him swiðe longeð þider [sc. to heaven], him seluen leðien ne mai, he sent his þoht. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2384 If he him wold leoðien [c1300 Otho griþie] of laðe his benden..he wolde his mon beon. a1325 St. Peter (Corpus Cambr.) l. 198 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 254 (MED) Ichelle deliueri him of prison & leþegi is benden bliue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24902 (MED) Geten was sco to be born For to leth [Coll Phys. leþe, Fairf. lause, Gött. sauue] all þat war forlorn. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 752 (MED) What if þretty þryvande be þrad in ȝon tounez, What schal I leve if [perh. read of] my Lorde, if he hem leþe wolde? 2. transitive. To cut off, sever. Also: to destroy. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] to bring to noughteOE forspillc893 fordilghec900 to bring to naughtOE astryea1200 stroyc1200 forferec1275 misdoa1325 destroyc1330 naught1340 dingc1380 beshenda1400 devoida1400 unshapea1400 to wend downa1400 brittenc1400 unloukc1400 perishc1426 defeat1435 unmake1439 lithc1450 spend1481 kill1530 to shend ofc1540 quade1565 to make away1566 discreate1570 wrake1570 wracka1586 unwork1587 gaster1609 defease1621 unbe1624 uncreate1633 destructa1638 naufragate1648 stifle1725 stramash1788 disannul1794 destructify1841 locust1868 to knock out1944 dick1972 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3754 (MED) To lithe vs all if þou limpes, na louyng þou gettis, For þou wynnes noȝt bot wemen. c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 18026 (MED) Þen toyȝt þe kyng he lyfed to lang; his lyms he lythyd of fast in fere [c1460 Longleat his lymes the kytt of infere] And put hym sythyn to payns strang. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 168^v Pirrus..Vnioynet the Iawmbe of þe iust arme Þat hit light on þe laund lythet full euyn. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > see also also refers to : -lithcomb. form < n.¹c900n.²OEn.³c1275n.⁴c1300n.⁵1955v.OE see also
随便看	sacro-cotyloid sacro-cotyloidean sacro-femoral sacro-iliac sacro-iliac synchondrosis sacro-iliitis sacro-inguinal sacro-ischiac sacro-ischiadic sacro-ischiatic sacro-lumbal sacro-lumbar sacro-median sacro-pectineal sacro-pictorial sacro-pubic sacro-rectal sacro-sciatic sacro-secular sacro-seric sacro-spinal sacro-spinous sacro-tuberous sacro-uterine sacro-vertebral

lithn.1

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> see also

lithn.¹

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lithn.⁵