longituden.

Brit.

/ˈlɒŋɡᵻtjuːd/,

/ˈlɒŋɡᵻtʃuːd/,

/ˈlɒn(d)ʒᵻtjuːd/,

/ˈlɒn(d)ʒᵻtʃuːd/, U.S.

/ˈlɔndʒᵻˌt(j)ud/,

/ˈlɑndʒᵻˌt(j)ud/

Forms: Middle English– longitude, 1500s longytude, 1500s–1600s longitud.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French longitude; Latin longitūdin-, longitūdō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French longitude (French longitude ) length (1314 in Old French), angular distance (a1324 in astronomy, a1412 in geography), length or total extent of the sun's apparent annual course (c1377), duration (1477), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin longitūdin-, longitūdō length, extent, tallness, lengthiness, prolixity, length of time, duration, fact or quality of continuing for a long time, in post-classical Latin also geographical longitude (from 12th cent. in British sources), celestial longitude (14th cent. in a British source) < longus long adj.¹ + -tūdō -tude suffix. Compare Catalan longitud (1399), Spanish longitud (early 15th cent.), Italian longitudine (1282).For the origin of the geographical terms see note at latitude n. 4. In the specific astronomical use (see sense 2) after the corresponding use of latitude n. to denote distance from the ecliptic; compare discussion at latitude n. 5. N.E.D. (1903) gives only the pronunciation (lǫ·ndʒitiūd) /ˈlɒndʒɪtjuːd/. The pronunciation with /-ŋɡ-/ is recorded in British dictionaries from the mid 20th century.

1. Geography.

a. The angular distance of a place on the earth's surface east or west of a standard meridian (usually the Greenwich meridian); esp. in line of longitude, meridian of longitude.This distance is usually expressed in degrees and minutes, up to 180° east or west, or in units of time (15 degrees is equivalent to one hour). Cf. circle of longitude n. (b) at circle n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude

longitudec1400

longtitude1578

length1581

long1693

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §39. 48 The Arch of the Equinoxial that is [conteyned] or bownded by-twyxe the 2 Meridians ys cleped þe longitude of the town.

a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. C The longitude..is counted from West to East.

1556 R. Robinson tr. T. More Utopia (ed. 2) sig. Sv^v I will be hable..to instructe you..in the longitude or true meridian of the ylande.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. xi. 235 Places inioying the same Longitude are not alwaies æqually distant from the first Meridian.

1725 I. Newton Let. 26 Aug. in Corr. (1977) VII. 330 The Longitude will scarce be found at sea without pursuing those methods by which it may be found at land. And those methods are hitherto only two: one by the motion of the Moon, the other by that of the innermost Satellit of Jupiter.

1754 J. Robertson Elements Navigation II. ix. x. 307 The difference between the Greenwich time and the ship's time, is the difference of longitude.

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. iv. 61 The hour, as reckoned under any two meridians, is different, and the difference is proportional to the difference of longitude.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 244 As if determined fully to ascertain her longitude and position, before she committed herself.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xix. 329 All lines of longitude form circles which have the earth's centre as their centre.

1918 A. H. Blanchard Amer. Highway Engineer's Handbk. v. 214 All longitudes are usually referred to the Greenwich meridian.

1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xli. 683 The vertical plane passing through the axis of such a magnet is called the magnetic meridian, as distinct from the geographical meridian, which is the vertical plane passing through a line of longitude.

1991 One 55 (U.K. ed.) B. 13 The zero meridian of longitude passes through the Meridian Building in Greenwich.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Sept. d8/3 It's a movement of [coffee] purists..and obsessives (bags of micro-lot beans are labeled with the latitude, longitude and elevation where grown).

†b. Magnitude or spatial extent east to west (cf. sense 3a). Obsolete.In quot., referring to the extent of the habitable world, as known in classical antiquity and the medieval period: cf. note at latitude n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude > as known to the ancients

longitude?a1475

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 45 The longitude [L. longitudo] of the erthe habitable from the este to the weste..hath viij^the tymes v. tymes a clxx^ti myles and viij^the.

c. Angular distance in an east–west direction, parallel to the equator; the distance between two places measured as the angle between their meridians (now chiefly historical). in longitude: in a direction parallel to the equator.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude > difference of longitude between places

longitude1595

1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets i. sig. G6 The longitude betweene place and place, is the portion of the Equator which is contained betweene the Meridians of the same places.

1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. vii. §3. 639 Betweene the Ile Engano and Messulepatan, I made nineteene degrees and thirtie minutes of great Circle in longitude.

1763 Philos. Trans 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 ii. 610 We reckon the longitude between Greenwich and Paris to be 9′ 20″: but I do not know what are the observations upon which it is founded.

1808 T. O. Churchill Life Lord Viscount Nelson 8 Having penetrated to the latitude of 81° 36' north, and traversed seventeen degrees and a half of longitude, between that and 79°, a squadron was equipping for the East Indies.

1875 Rep. Superintendent U.S. Coast Surv. 1872 House of Representatives 227 Upon the successful completion of the Atlantic telegraph from Ireland to Newfoundland, measures were at once taken to make use of that means for the determination of the longitude between the two continents.

1971 B. Z. Jones Harvard Coll. Observatory iii. 146 Winlock had also made connections with the system of telegraph lines of the country by a loop from the line between Boston and Fitchburg for determining the longitude between the Observatory and the Coast Survey Station in Washington.

2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Dec. 29/1 The boundary's meanders are spaced roughly every 45 degrees in longitude, with long cracks extending from some toward the equator.

†d. Usually with the. A method of ascertaining longitude at sea (also in plural). Also: a longitude clock. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > chronometer

longitude1665

longitude watch1670

chronometer1714

sea-watch1768

watch1778

box chronometer1789

oligochronometer1857

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 13 Concerning the success of the Pendulum-Watches at Sea for the Longitudes.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 14 I have..reason to believe, that the Invention of Longitudes will come to its perfection... They have granted my Request, commanding me to bring one of these Watches into their Assembly, to explicate unto them the Invention, and the Application thereof to the Longitudes.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 428. ⁋1 The late noble Inventor of the Longitude.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1755 I. 166 Mr. Williams..had made many ingenious advances towards a discovery of the longitude.

2. Astronomy. The angular distance of a celestial object (or a point on the celestial sphere) eastward from the direction of the vernal equinox, reckoned in degrees along the ecliptic from the vernal equinoctial point to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through that object or point (now rare in technical use); more fully geocentric or celestial longitude. Formerly also (the etymologically prior sense): †the length or total extent of the ecliptic or of the sun's apparent annual course (obsolete).galactic, heliocentric, heliographic longitude, etc.: see the first element. See also circle of longitude n. (a) at circle n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > position of heavenly body > [noun] > longitude

longitudec1400

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > length of ecliptic

longitude1594

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §40. 49 Knowe be thin almenak the degree of the Ecliptik of any signe in which þat the planete is rekned for to be, & that is cleped the degree of his longitude.

1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 176 So doo they call the motion of them [sc. the Planetes] in Longitude, theyr distaunce by theyr naturall course from the beginninge of Aries.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iv. f. 206 The Ecliptique line containeth 360. degrees, which is the Longitude of heauen, and the first degree of the Longitude of anie Starre beginneth at the first point of Aries.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 373 The glorious Lamp..Regent of Day,..jocond to run His Longitude through Heav'ns high rode.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 350 Before the sun His annual longitude of heav'n shall run.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) 11 The mean or circular motion of a body estimated from the vernal equinox, is its mean longitude; and its elliptical, or true motion, reckoned from that point, is its true longitude.

1867 E. B. Denison Astron. without Math. (ed. 3) 270 Geocentric or common celestial longitude.

2004 Time Out N.Y. 10 June 44/1 The progressed moon can be viewed through the horoscope from two perspectives: zodiacal degrees of longitude or latitudes of the declination.

a. With reference to spatial extent: the quality of being long, length. Occasionally: an instance of this, a length; a long shape or figure. Formerly also: †height, tallness (obsolete). Now somewhat rare (in later use chiefly humorous).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun]

longitude?a1425

grandeurc1500

tallness1535

procerity1550

pre-eminence1589

celsitude1678

properness1706

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun]

lenghc888

longnessOE

length1154

dimension1413

sideness1422

longitude?a1425

prolixity?a1425

distance1582

longity1604

distent1613

protension1704

sidth1831

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length

longitude1589

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 18^v (MED) It [sc. matrix] haþ longitude [?c1425 Paris lengþe; L. longitudinem] as þe ȝerde of 8 or 9 fyngers.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 431 And of the claue Is best an handful greet in crassitude..And cubital let make her longitude.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) viii. xxiv. sig. x.v/2 Hys [sc. Orion's] lengthe and longitude stretchyth nyghe to the brede and latitude of thre sygnes.

a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 200 The longitude of men folowyng: Moyses xiij. fote and viij. ynches and half [etc.].

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xi. 84 A bastard or imperfect rounde declining toward a longitude.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 645 The curing of a horsse waxing hot with wearinesse and longitude of the way.

1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 64 Thy Giants longitude shall shorter shrink.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 161 The forehead..its..Longitude is from one temple to the other.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 23 A Superficies is a Longitude, having only Latitude.

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 According to Quantity of Matter and Longitude of Distance.

1752 M. Browne Sunday Thoughts (new ed.) i, in Wks. & Rest of Creation 124 Augusta, seen in soft'ning Miniature, O'er a profusive Longitude of Plains.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 11 Mine [sc. a shadow] spindling into longitude immense.

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xviii. 266 A petticoat, of scanty longitude .

1824 Examiner 555/2 A longitude of beard that would honour a pubescent Jew.

1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 101 He cannot look upon the slender longitude of a bean-pole..without experiencing emotions of envy.

1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys iii. 23 One may walk long through the longitude and rectitude of many of her streets.

1935 R. Faherty Better than Dying viii. 174 She walked erectly as if with effort to uphold the bulk of flesh that from shoulders to hips bulged beyond the longitude of her chin.

2004 K. Wells Trav. with Barley ii. 28 The vast longitude of the Mississippi, meandering its way through ten states.

b. With reference to time: (long) continuance or duration; †a long period of time (obsolete). Somewhat rare after 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time

lenghc888

longnessOE

enduringc1374

length1388

continuing1398

long lasting?c1400

perdurability?a1425

perseverance?a1425

permanence1440

perdurablenessc1450

perdurationc1450

continuation1469

diuturnity?a1475

prolixityc1500

endurancea1513

sustention1515

continuance1552

long standinga1568

longitude1596

long-lastingness1598

sempiternity1599

consistence1606

persistence1621

long-livedness1652

abidingness1654

productedness1664

imperdibility1713

longiturnity1727

endurableness1795

lengthiness1829

endurability1837

perenniality1841

longevity1842

protractedness1855

enduringnessa1867

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. F1^v No lecture at Surgeons Hall vppon an Anatomie, may compare with them in longitude.

1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies Pref. sig. a3 These men haue found insteed of the longitude of places, a longitude of vnprofitable labors.

a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) 15 The longitude, or continuance of the joy.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 437 Of longitude or brevity of a disease.

1725 J. Sedgwick New Treat. Liquors 141 Cold Sweats [says Hippocrates] in acute Fevers signifies Death, and in others a Longitude.

1840 J. S. Polack Manners & Customs New Zealanders I. xxiii. 254 The females were evergreens who, in addition to longitude of life, [etc.].

1902 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 198/2 The life of the artist is all too brief for the exacting longitude of art.

2010 Marketwire (Orlando, Florida) (Nexis) 27 May The quality and longitude of life for Americans will be severely compromised.

Compounds

longitude clock n. now historical a chronometer formerly used in ascertaining longitude.

ΚΠ

1672 R. Hooke Diary 28 Oct. (1935) 11 Discoursed after dinner of new glasses, new theory of musick, longitude clock.

1765 B. Martin Inst. Astron. Calculations Advt. sig. b3^v He should stand charged by Posterity..with greater Absurdity, Vanity, and Presumption, than the Authors of the Longitude Sector, the Longitude Chair, or the Longitude Clocks.

1894 F. J. Britten Former Clock & Watchmakers 118 He [sc. John Harrison] then proceeded to devise an escapement for a longitude clock, and in 1728 he journeyed to London, taking with him his pendulum, his escapement, and drawings of his proposed timekeeper.

1995 D. Sobel Longitude ii. 17 The longitude clock stood on terra firma in Harrison's house at Red Lion Square.

† longitude hunter n. Obsolete rare a person who seeks a method for determining terrestrial longitude.

ΚΠ

1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 64 At College they had been pestered with so many crack-brain'd Longitude-Hunters.

1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. July 453 A letter of Flamstead's to a French longitude-hunter.

longitude star n. now rare any of various bright stars formerly used to determine terrestrial longitude on the basis of their relative position with respect to that of the moon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > star > kind of star > stars that show the way > [noun] > navigation aid

sea-starc1050

longitude star1814

Greenwich star1821

lunar star1840

moon-culminator1846

nautical star1867

1814 P. Barlow New Math. & Philos. Dict. Longitude stars, is a term frequently used to denote those fixed stars which have been selected for the purpose of finding the longitude by lunar observations.

1856 G. W. Dean in Rep. Superintendent Coast Surv. 1856 (U.S. Coast & Geodetic Surv.) ii. xxii. 171 The following copy of a portion of the longitude star list, which was used in the Macon and Montgomery telegraph campaign of this season.

1901 S. G. Burrard Great Trigonometrical Surv. India XVII. ii. 150 The weather however at both stations was broken and cloudy which rendered the longitude stars liable to fail.

1994 A. H. Grundy Britain's Prehistoric Achievements ii. 28 If the gauging star (or longitude star) is selected one evening on the horizon just after sunset, level with the Moon, it does not appear level with the Moon the next night until an hour after sunset.

longitude table n. now historical a table (table n. 14a) formerly used in ascertaining longitude in association with a chronometer or observations of celestial objects.

ΚΠ

1764 J. Robertson Elements Navigation (ed. 2) II. viii. v. 566 Which completes the first two columns of the longitude table.

1900 D. E. Smith Teaching Elem. Math. v. 129 The astronomer and the navigator who wish brevity always use longitude tables.

2012 M. Anderson Day World discovered Sun iv. 64 As a convenience to him and his colleagues at the Royal Observatory, Maskelyne centered the Mariner's Guide's longitude tables at Greenwich.

longitude watch n. now historical a small chronometer formerly used in ascertaining longitude.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > chronometer

longitude1665

longitude watch1670

chronometer1714

sea-watch1768

watch1778

box chronometer1789

oligochronometer1857

1670 H. Oldenburg Let. 20 Jan. in Corr. (1969) VI. 437 Mr Hugens in a late letter of his to me, writeth thus concerning his longitude-watch, he sent to Candia.

1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 i. 100 The trial of Mr. Harrison's longitude watch.

1929 Rep. Proc. Empire Conf. Surv. Officers 1928 26 Each observing party of the Topographical Survey carries four sidereal watches in a special container and two stop watches, one intended as a spare; but, while marked as a spare, the latter is used as a longitude watch.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 June (Travel section) 2/3 Because of inventions like the deck watch and longitude watch, Breguet was appointed Watchmaker to the Royal Navy in 1815.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	longitude
释义	longituden. Brit. /ˈlɒŋɡᵻtjuːd/, /ˈlɒŋɡᵻtʃuːd/, /ˈlɒn(d)ʒᵻtjuːd/, /ˈlɒn(d)ʒᵻtʃuːd/, U.S. /ˈlɔndʒᵻˌt(j)ud/, /ˈlɑndʒᵻˌt(j)ud/ Forms: Middle English– longitude, 1500s longytude, 1500s–1600s longitud. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French longitude; Latin longitūdin-, longitūdō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French longitude (French longitude ) length (1314 in Old French), angular distance (a1324 in astronomy, a1412 in geography), length or total extent of the sun's apparent annual course (c1377), duration (1477), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin longitūdin-, longitūdō length, extent, tallness, lengthiness, prolixity, length of time, duration, fact or quality of continuing for a long time, in post-classical Latin also geographical longitude (from 12th cent. in British sources), celestial longitude (14th cent. in a British source) < longus long adj.¹ + -tūdō -tude suffix. Compare Catalan longitud (1399), Spanish longitud (early 15th cent.), Italian longitudine (1282).For the origin of the geographical terms see note at latitude n. 4. In the specific astronomical use (see sense 2) after the corresponding use of latitude n. to denote distance from the ecliptic; compare discussion at latitude n. 5. N.E.D. (1903) gives only the pronunciation (lǫ·ndʒitiūd) /ˈlɒndʒɪtjuːd/. The pronunciation with /-ŋɡ-/ is recorded in British dictionaries from the mid 20th century. 1. Geography. a. The angular distance of a place on the earth's surface east or west of a standard meridian (usually the Greenwich meridian); esp. in line of longitude, meridian of longitude.This distance is usually expressed in degrees and minutes, up to 180° east or west, or in units of time (15 degrees is equivalent to one hour). Cf. circle of longitude n. (b) at circle n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude longitudec1400 longtitude1578 length1581 long1693 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §39. 48 The Arch of the Equinoxial that is [conteyned] or bownded by-twyxe the 2 Meridians ys cleped þe longitude of the town. a1527 R. Thorne in R. Hakluyt Divers Voy. (1582) sig. C The longitude..is counted from West to East. 1556 R. Robinson tr. T. More Utopia (ed. 2) sig. Sv^v I will be hable..to instructe you..in the longitude or true meridian of the ylande. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. xi. 235 Places inioying the same Longitude are not alwaies æqually distant from the first Meridian. 1725 I. Newton Let. 26 Aug. in Corr. (1977) VII. 330 The Longitude will scarce be found at sea without pursuing those methods by which it may be found at land. And those methods are hitherto only two: one by the motion of the Moon, the other by that of the innermost Satellit of Jupiter. 1754 J. Robertson Elements Navigation II. ix. x. 307 The difference between the Greenwich time and the ship's time, is the difference of longitude. 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. i. iv. 61 The hour, as reckoned under any two meridians, is different, and the difference is proportional to the difference of longitude. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 244 As if determined fully to ascertain her longitude and position, before she committed herself. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xix. 329 All lines of longitude form circles which have the earth's centre as their centre. 1918 A. H. Blanchard Amer. Highway Engineer's Handbk. v. 214 All longitudes are usually referred to the Greenwich meridian. 1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xli. 683 The vertical plane passing through the axis of such a magnet is called the magnetic meridian, as distinct from the geographical meridian, which is the vertical plane passing through a line of longitude. 1991 One 55 (U.K. ed.) B. 13 The zero meridian of longitude passes through the Meridian Building in Greenwich. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Sept. d8/3 It's a movement of [coffee] purists..and obsessives (bags of micro-lot beans are labeled with the latitude, longitude and elevation where grown). †b. Magnitude or spatial extent east to west (cf. sense 3a). Obsolete.In quot., referring to the extent of the habitable world, as known in classical antiquity and the medieval period: cf. note at latitude n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude > as known to the ancients longitude?a1475 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 45 The longitude [L. longitudo] of the erthe habitable from the este to the weste..hath viij^the tymes v. tymes a clxx^ti myles and viij^the. c. Angular distance in an east–west direction, parallel to the equator; the distance between two places measured as the angle between their meridians (now chiefly historical). in longitude: in a direction parallel to the equator. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude > difference of longitude between places longitude1595 1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets i. sig. G6 The longitude betweene place and place, is the portion of the Equator which is contained betweene the Meridians of the same places. 1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. vii. §3. 639 Betweene the Ile Engano and Messulepatan, I made nineteene degrees and thirtie minutes of great Circle in longitude. 1763 Philos. Trans 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 ii. 610 We reckon the longitude between Greenwich and Paris to be 9′ 20″: but I do not know what are the observations upon which it is founded. 1808 T. O. Churchill Life Lord Viscount Nelson 8 Having penetrated to the latitude of 81° 36' north, and traversed seventeen degrees and a half of longitude, between that and 79°, a squadron was equipping for the East Indies. 1875 Rep. Superintendent U.S. Coast Surv. 1872 House of Representatives 227 Upon the successful completion of the Atlantic telegraph from Ireland to Newfoundland, measures were at once taken to make use of that means for the determination of the longitude between the two continents. 1971 B. Z. Jones Harvard Coll. Observatory iii. 146 Winlock had also made connections with the system of telegraph lines of the country by a loop from the line between Boston and Fitchburg for determining the longitude between the Observatory and the Coast Survey Station in Washington. 2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Dec. 29/1 The boundary's meanders are spaced roughly every 45 degrees in longitude, with long cracks extending from some toward the equator. †d. Usually with the. A method of ascertaining longitude at sea (also in plural). Also: a longitude clock. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > chronometer longitude1665 longitude watch1670 chronometer1714 sea-watch1768 watch1778 box chronometer1789 oligochronometer1857 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 13 Concerning the success of the Pendulum-Watches at Sea for the Longitudes. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 14 I have..reason to believe, that the Invention of Longitudes will come to its perfection... They have granted my Request, commanding me to bring one of these Watches into their Assembly, to explicate unto them the Invention, and the Application thereof to the Longitudes. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 428. ⁋1 The late noble Inventor of the Longitude. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1755 I. 166 Mr. Williams..had made many ingenious advances towards a discovery of the longitude. 2. Astronomy. The angular distance of a celestial object (or a point on the celestial sphere) eastward from the direction of the vernal equinox, reckoned in degrees along the ecliptic from the vernal equinoctial point to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through that object or point (now rare in technical use); more fully geocentric or celestial longitude. Formerly also (the etymologically prior sense): †the length or total extent of the ecliptic or of the sun's apparent annual course (obsolete).galactic, heliocentric, heliographic longitude, etc.: see the first element. See also circle of longitude n. (a) at circle n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > position of heavenly body > [noun] > longitude longitudec1400 the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > great circle > ecliptic > length of ecliptic longitude1594 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §40. 49 Knowe be thin almenak the degree of the Ecliptik of any signe in which þat the planete is rekned for to be, & that is cleped the degree of his longitude. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 176 So doo they call the motion of them [sc. the Planetes] in Longitude, theyr distaunce by theyr naturall course from the beginninge of Aries. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iv. f. 206 The Ecliptique line containeth 360. degrees, which is the Longitude of heauen, and the first degree of the Longitude of anie Starre beginneth at the first point of Aries. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 373 The glorious Lamp..Regent of Day,..jocond to run His Longitude through Heav'ns high rode. View more context for this quotation 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 350 Before the sun His annual longitude of heav'n shall run. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) 11 The mean or circular motion of a body estimated from the vernal equinox, is its mean longitude; and its elliptical, or true motion, reckoned from that point, is its true longitude. 1867 E. B. Denison Astron. without Math. (ed. 3) 270 Geocentric or common celestial longitude. 2004 Time Out N.Y. 10 June 44/1 The progressed moon can be viewed through the horoscope from two perspectives: zodiacal degrees of longitude or latitudes of the declination. 3. a. With reference to spatial extent: the quality of being long, length. Occasionally: an instance of this, a length; a long shape or figure. Formerly also: †height, tallness (obsolete). Now somewhat rare (in later use chiefly humorous). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun] longitude?a1425 grandeurc1500 tallness1535 procerity1550 pre-eminence1589 celsitude1678 properness1706 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] lenghc888 longnessOE length1154 dimension1413 sideness1422 longitude?a1425 prolixity?a1425 distance1582 longity1604 distent1613 protension1704 sidth1831 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length longitude1589 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 18^v (MED) It [sc. matrix] haþ longitude [?c1425 Paris lengþe; L. longitudinem] as þe ȝerde of 8 or 9 fyngers. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 431 And of the claue Is best an handful greet in crassitude..And cubital let make her longitude. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) viii. xxiv. sig. x.v/2 Hys [sc. Orion's] lengthe and longitude stretchyth nyghe to the brede and latitude of thre sygnes. a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 200 The longitude of men folowyng: Moyses xiij. fote and viij. ynches and half [etc.]. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xi. 84 A bastard or imperfect rounde declining toward a longitude. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 645 The curing of a horsse waxing hot with wearinesse and longitude of the way. 1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 64 Thy Giants longitude shall shorter shrink. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 161 The forehead..its..Longitude is from one temple to the other. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. 23 A Superficies is a Longitude, having only Latitude. 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 According to Quantity of Matter and Longitude of Distance. 1752 M. Browne Sunday Thoughts (new ed.) i, in Wks. & Rest of Creation 124 Augusta, seen in soft'ning Miniature, O'er a profusive Longitude of Plains. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 11 Mine [sc. a shadow] spindling into longitude immense. 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xviii. 266 A petticoat, of scanty longitude . View more context for this quotation 1824 Examiner 555/2 A longitude of beard that would honour a pubescent Jew. 1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 101 He cannot look upon the slender longitude of a bean-pole..without experiencing emotions of envy. 1867 W. D. Howells Ital. Journeys iii. 23 One may walk long through the longitude and rectitude of many of her streets. 1935 R. Faherty Better than Dying viii. 174 She walked erectly as if with effort to uphold the bulk of flesh that from shoulders to hips bulged beyond the longitude of her chin. 2004 K. Wells Trav. with Barley ii. 28 The vast longitude of the Mississippi, meandering its way through ten states. b. With reference to time: (long) continuance or duration; †a long period of time (obsolete). Somewhat rare after 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time lenghc888 longnessOE enduringc1374 length1388 continuing1398 long lasting?c1400 perdurability?a1425 perseverance?a1425 permanence1440 perdurablenessc1450 perdurationc1450 continuation1469 diuturnity?a1475 prolixityc1500 endurancea1513 sustention1515 continuance1552 long standinga1568 longitude1596 long-lastingness1598 sempiternity1599 consistence1606 persistence1621 long-livedness1652 abidingness1654 productedness1664 imperdibility1713 longiturnity1727 endurableness1795 lengthiness1829 endurability1837 perenniality1841 longevity1842 protractedness1855 enduringnessa1867 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. F1^v No lecture at Surgeons Hall vppon an Anatomie, may compare with them in longitude. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies Pref. sig. a3 These men haue found insteed of the longitude of places, a longitude of vnprofitable labors. a1626 L. Andrewes XCVI. Serm. (1661) 15 The longitude, or continuance of the joy. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 437 Of longitude or brevity of a disease. 1725 J. Sedgwick New Treat. Liquors 141 Cold Sweats [says Hippocrates] in acute Fevers signifies Death, and in others a Longitude. 1840 J. S. Polack Manners & Customs New Zealanders I. xxiii. 254 The females were evergreens who, in addition to longitude of life, [etc.]. 1902 Notes & Queries 9th Ser. 9 198/2 The life of the artist is all too brief for the exacting longitude of art. 2010 Marketwire (Orlando, Florida) (Nexis) 27 May The quality and longitude of life for Americans will be severely compromised. Compounds longitude clock n. now historical a chronometer formerly used in ascertaining longitude. ΚΠ 1672 R. Hooke Diary 28 Oct. (1935) 11 Discoursed after dinner of new glasses, new theory of musick, longitude clock. 1765 B. Martin Inst. Astron. Calculations Advt. sig. b3^v He should stand charged by Posterity..with greater Absurdity, Vanity, and Presumption, than the Authors of the Longitude Sector, the Longitude Chair, or the Longitude Clocks. 1894 F. J. Britten Former Clock & Watchmakers 118 He [sc. John Harrison] then proceeded to devise an escapement for a longitude clock, and in 1728 he journeyed to London, taking with him his pendulum, his escapement, and drawings of his proposed timekeeper. 1995 D. Sobel Longitude ii. 17 The longitude clock stood on terra firma in Harrison's house at Red Lion Square. † longitude hunter n. Obsolete rare a person who seeks a method for determining terrestrial longitude. ΚΠ 1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 64 At College they had been pestered with so many crack-brain'd Longitude-Hunters. 1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. July 453 A letter of Flamstead's to a French longitude-hunter. longitude star n. now rare any of various bright stars formerly used to determine terrestrial longitude on the basis of their relative position with respect to that of the moon. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > star > kind of star > stars that show the way > [noun] > navigation aid sea-starc1050 longitude star1814 Greenwich star1821 lunar star1840 moon-culminator1846 nautical star1867 1814 P. Barlow New Math. & Philos. Dict. Longitude stars, is a term frequently used to denote those fixed stars which have been selected for the purpose of finding the longitude by lunar observations. 1856 G. W. Dean in Rep. Superintendent Coast Surv. 1856 (U.S. Coast & Geodetic Surv.) ii. xxii. 171 The following copy of a portion of the longitude star list, which was used in the Macon and Montgomery telegraph campaign of this season. 1901 S. G. Burrard Great Trigonometrical Surv. India XVII. ii. 150 The weather however at both stations was broken and cloudy which rendered the longitude stars liable to fail. 1994 A. H. Grundy Britain's Prehistoric Achievements ii. 28 If the gauging star (or longitude star) is selected one evening on the horizon just after sunset, level with the Moon, it does not appear level with the Moon the next night until an hour after sunset. longitude table n. now historical a table (table n. 14a) formerly used in ascertaining longitude in association with a chronometer or observations of celestial objects. ΚΠ 1764 J. Robertson Elements Navigation (ed. 2) II. viii. v. 566 Which completes the first two columns of the longitude table. 1900 D. E. Smith Teaching Elem. Math. v. 129 The astronomer and the navigator who wish brevity always use longitude tables. 2012 M. Anderson Day World discovered Sun iv. 64 As a convenience to him and his colleagues at the Royal Observatory, Maskelyne centered the Mariner's Guide's longitude tables at Greenwich. longitude watch n. now historical a small chronometer formerly used in ascertaining longitude. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > chronometer longitude1665 longitude watch1670 chronometer1714 sea-watch1768 watch1778 box chronometer1789 oligochronometer1857 1670 H. Oldenburg Let. 20 Jan. in Corr. (1969) VI. 437 Mr Hugens in a late letter of his to me, writeth thus concerning his longitude-watch, he sent to Candia. 1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 i. 100 The trial of Mr. Harrison's longitude watch. 1929 Rep. Proc. Empire Conf. Surv. Officers 1928 26 Each observing party of the Topographical Survey carries four sidereal watches in a special container and two stop watches, one intended as a spare; but, while marked as a spare, the latter is used as a longitude watch. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 June (Travel section) 2/3 Because of inventions like the deck watch and longitude watch, Breguet was appointed Watchmaker to the Royal Navy in 1815. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
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