单词 | london |
释义 | Londonn. Used attributively in various special collocations. a. † London black n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > black > colour London blackc1530 c1530 So well ys me be-gone in F. J. Furnivall R. Laneham's Let. (1871) Pref. 130 His hoysse of london black. b. † London blue n. Obsolete see London black n. at sense a. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > purple or blue purpureeOE violet1380 jacinth1382 bluec1390 watchetc1405 celestinec1430 celestrine1435 turkin1483 hyacinth1610 London blue1633 mazarine1694 1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts iv. i. sig. I2 One part skarlet And the other London-blew. c. London-bottled adj. (of a wine) bottled in London. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > qualities or characteristics of wine > [adjective] > bottled in specific place château-bottled1888 estate-bottled1940 London-bottled1959 domaine-bottled1960 1959 Times 21 Sept. 13/2 London-bottled, it costs about 10s. 1972 Guardian 24 Feb. 11/2 The difference between London-bottled and château or domaine-bottled wine of the same vineyard..cannot be stated in hard terms. 1972 House & Garden Feb. 111/1 With London-bottled clarets starting at £1.50 and château-bottled at £2.50, the prices were not excessive. d. London bridge n. a children's singing game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > singing game > specific oranges and lemons1823 jingo-ring1841 mulberry bush1849 ring-a-ring o' roses1855 London bridge1894 1827 R. Thomson Chron. London Bridge 152 ‘Here follows the ancient Music to the Song and Dance of London Bridge is broken down.’…‘A choice piece of simple melody, indeed,’ said Mr. Postern,..‘but you called it also a dance, Mr. Barbican; pray was it ever adapted to the feet, as well as to the tongue?’] 1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 199 It is singular that the verses of this game [sc. ‘Hark the robbers’], also enter into the composition of ‘London Bridge is broken down’. It is probable, therefore, that it may be an altered form of the game of ‘London Bridge’. 1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 852/1 The singing game known as ‘London Bridge’ has many variants in the different localities where it is played, but fundamentally the theme is the same. 1939 F. Thompson Lark Rise ix. 159 Well-known games still met with at children's parties, such as ‘Oranges and Lemons’, ‘London Bridge’. 1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games viii. 235 A singing game such as ‘London Bridge is Falling Down’. e. London broil n. U.S. (see quot. 1969). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > broiled or grilled meat collopc1440 braise1769 broil1822 braai1959 London broil1969 nyama choma1980 1969 R. De Sola & D. De Sola Dict. Cooking 143/1 London broil, large flank steak broiled, then cut in thin slices diagonally across the grain for serving. 1973 E.-J. Bahr Nice Neighbourhood ii. 24 We cooked a London broil out on the grill and ate on the patio. 1974 Columbia (S. Carolina) Record 24 Apr. 14-B/1 Most steak buffs have their favorite cut, and this brings up something I haven't been able to figure out: the names they give steaks. I'm told that Britons had never heard of London broil until some Yank informed them what it was. f. † London bushel n. Obsolete perhaps the same as the Winchester bushel (according to Fitzherbert it was smaller than that used in the north). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > bushel bushelc1300 London bushela1475 town bushel1618 full1657 coal bushel1670 strake1706 a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 626 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 320 Of a lunden buschelle he shalle bake xx louys. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viiv An acre of ground..may be metely well sowen with two London busshells of pees. g. † London button n. (also London buttons) Obsolete the foxglove. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > foxglove and allied flowers > foxglove foxglovec1000 London button1552 wine-pot herb1552 finger1562 finger flower1562 lady's glove1575 foxter1623 fox-finger1657 fox1684 bloody finger1789 witch bell1808 fairy fingers1811 fairy thimble1813 dead men's bells1818 witches' thimbles1820 fairy bells1821 fairy glove1841 flap-dock1846 cow-flop1847 pop-glove1847 lady's thimble1853 Scotch mercury1853 poppy1856 fairy petticoats1864 finger root1870 fairy weed1871 pop-dock1878 witches' bells1884 1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Baccharis apud Ruellium, is supposed to be the flower called London button. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gantelée, the hearbe called Fox-gloues..and London buttons. h. London clay n. an important geological formation, belonging to the lower division of the Eocene tertiary, in the south-east of England and esp. at and near London. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Eocene London clay1830 Eocene1831 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 152 From the London clay we have procured three or four hundred species of testacea. i. London fog n. a dense fog once peculiar to London and large industrial towns. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London London particular1807 London fog1830 London ivy1853 1830 M. Edgeworth Let. 8 Dec. (1971) 445 It is so very dark in a thick London fog that I can scarcely see what I write. 1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 141 'Tis sometimes yellow, sometimes brown, A London Fog! 1906 W. Marriott Hints to Meteorol. Observers (ed. 6) 67/1 London fog, the dry, gloomy, irritating fog peculiar to London and other large towns, aggravated by smoke. 1931 E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Jan. (1969) 120 A London fog struck the ville at the very moment of departure. 1972 E. Routley Puritan Pleasures of Detective Story iii. 36 Holmes..has moral status, and that makes one feel safer when one sets out with him into another London fog. j. London gin n. a dry gin. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] > kinds of gin genever1689 South Sea1725 Hollands1753 Old Tom1810 deady1819 schiedam1821 Plymouth gin1854 unsweetened1886 London gin1920 Plymouth1920 ogogoro1982 1920 G. Saintsbury Notes on Cellar-bk. vii. 104 Gin, whether ‘squareface’ or London or Plymouth, [costs] not much more than half a crown. 1954 M. Sharp Gipsy in Parlour xxiv. 230 ‘Devon cider be a powerful brew,’ said my Aunt Charlotte... ‘London gin's a sight worse,’ retorted Clara. 1963 A. L. Simon Guide Good Food & Wines 721/1 London Gins, which differ according to the Distilleries responsible for them. 1970 House & Garden Nov. 126/2 The type of gin in most general use is London Dry... Though a few countries..deem ‘London’ to indicate a geographical origin,..the term London Dry Gin is mainly accepted as indicating a type of gin. k. London ivy n. a fanciful name for: (a) the smoke of London, which ‘clings’ to buildings and blackens them; (b) a thick London fog. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > dirt caused by smoke London ivy1853 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London London particular1807 London fog1830 London ivy1853 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House x. 90 Smoke, which is the London ivy, had so wreathed itself round Peffer's name,..that the affectionate parasite quite overpowered the parent tree. 1889 Sporting Life (Philadelphia) 4 Jan. (Farmer) A very severe cold caught by nine hours' contact with London ivy. l. London lady n. a kind of potato. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of baker1651 Irish potato1664 sprout1771 London lady1780 ox-noble1794 pink-eye1795 kidney1796 Suriname1796 round1800 yam potato1801 bluenose1803 yam1805 bead-potato1808 Murphy1811 lumper1840 blue1845 salmon1845 merino1846 regent1846 pink1850 redskin potato1851 fluke1868 snowflake1882 magnum1889 ware1894 snowdrop1900 King Edward1902 Majestic1917 red1926 fingerling1930 Pentland1959 chipper1961 Maris Peer1963 Maris Piper1963 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato potato1629 Rough Red1771 sprout1771 London lady1780 russet1780 ox-noble1794 pink-eye1795 kidney1796 Suriname1796 silver-skin1797 yam potato1801 bluenose1803 yam1805 bead-potato1808 lumper1840 blue1845 merino1846 regent1846 pink1850 redskin potato1851 fluke1868 mangel-wurzel potato1875 snowflake1882 snowdrop1900 pomato1905 Idaho1911 Majestic1917 red1926 Pentland1959 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (1892) I. 306 Of other sorts of potatoes, he finds the London lady and the apple to be the best sorts. m. † London measure n. Obsolete a former practice of London drapers of allowing something above the standard yard in their measurements. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > the measure of length > specific London measure1647 quincupedal1656 sextula1656 Paris point1781 rack1831 angstrom1881 submicron1927 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 24 Whatever Christianity or Civility will allow, I can afford with London measure. a1652 R. Brome Weeding of Covent-Garden Pref. Poem in Five New Playes (1659) 'Tis not in Book, as Cloth; we never say Make London-measure, when we buy a Play. n. London particular n. colloquial †(a) a kind of Madeira imported through London (obsolete); (b) a dense fog affecting London (now chiefly historical). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > fortified wine, Madeira wine, and sack > [noun] > Madeira Madeirac1595 malmsey madeira1723 London particular1807 sercial1818 Bual1882 verdelho1883 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London London particular1807 London fog1830 London ivy1853 1807 Salmagundi 4 Feb. 22 I uncorked a bottle of London particular. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. ii. 54 I..will shew you an excellent venison pasty, and a bottle of London particular Madeira. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House iii. 20 ‘This is a London particular.’ I had never heard of such a thing. ‘A fog, miss,’ said the young gentleman. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House iii. 20 This is a London particular... A fog, miss. 1901 Scotsman 6 Nov. 10/6 ‘The London particular’, the fog which, four or five years ago, assumed the consistency of peasoup. 1991 J. Higgins Eagle has Flown (BNC) 84 The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat like acid. ‘Shocking, isn't it?’ Munro said. ‘Real pea-souper. What was it Dickens called it? A London particular. o. London paste n. a caustic composed of equal parts of quicklime and caustic soda mixed with alcohol ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1889). p. London plane n. Platanus × hispanica ( P. × acerifolia), a hybrid of P. occidentalis and P. orientalis, often planted as a street tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > plane-trees > [noun] platanusOE planea1382 platana1382 plane treea1425 platan treea1425 plantain1535 plane1562 dwarf plane tree1578 chenar1638 buttonwood1670 platanus tree1670 Norway maple1731 water beech1735 American plane1781 sycamore1814 buttonball1818 London plane1860 sycamore-tree1872 1860 T. Rivers in Gardeners' Chron. 21 Jan. 47/1 (heading) The London Plane trees. 1885 G. S. Boulger Fam. Trees 1st Ser. 23 Most of our London Plane-trees belong to an intermediate form. 1930 A. D. Webster London Trees 92 The Maple-leaved or London Plane stands first in the list of select trees for planting in towns. 1970 Nature 21 Mar. 1159/2 The London plane has proved extremely valuable as a tree that will endure the difficult environments of modern cities. q. London purple n. a by-product in the manufacture of aniline dyes, consisting mainly of calcium arsenite, used as an insecticide. ΚΠ 1889 Science 24 May 394/2 The supply of powder can be regulated to such a nicety, that Mr. Leggett claims he can make half a pound of London purple cover an acre. 1894 Times 16 Aug. 6/2 Paris green or London purple. r. † London red n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > pink or red > colour London scarlet1501 London red1566 1566 A. Edwards Let. 26 Apr. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 379 Your London reds are not to be sent hither. s. London rocket n. the plant Sisymbrium Irio, which (according to Ray) sprang up abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1666. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > sisymbrium or hedge-mustard SisymbriumOE flux-weed1578 mouse-ear1578 thale-cress1777 London rocket1837 1837 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 269 S[isymbrium] Irio, London Rocket. t. † London russet n. Obsolete see London scarlet n. at sense u. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > brown > colour London russet1566 1566 A. Edwards Let. 8 Aug. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 380 I wore a garment of London russet, being much esteemed. u. † London scarlet n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > pink or red > colour London scarlet1501 London red1566 1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 30 v quarteris Londone scarlat to lyne the samyn [doublat]. v. London shrinking n. a finishing process applied to fabric to prevent shrinkage. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > shrinking shrinking1856 preshrinkage1924 Rigmel1931 Sanforizing1948 London shrinking1957 1957 Textile Terms & Definitions (Textile Inst.) (ed. 3) 61 London shrinking, a finishing process. w. London-shrunk adj. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [adjective] > shrunk shrunk1895 preshrunk1907 Sanforized1930 London-shrunk1940 Rigmel1969 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 509/2 London-shrunk (Textiles), a term used in the woollen and worsted trades to indicate that a fabric has been specially treated in order to prevent shrinkage during make-up and when worn. 1950 ‘Mercury’ Dict. Textile Terms 323/2 London shrunk. The dry cloth to be shrunk is folded between an upper and lower layer of wet cloth. The cloth is then dried naturally, and afterwards pressed. 1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 239 London-shrunk, a process for shrinking wool fabric before tailoring. x. London smoke n. a fancy name for a dull shade of grey. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > smoky grey smoke-grey1807 smoke1882 London smoke1883 1883 Daily News 16 Oct. 3/1 Blue black, dark grey, and the new ‘London smoke’ are chosen. y. London sugar n. a variety of pear. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear calewey1377 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 critling1611 pearc1612 nutmeg1629 rosewater pear1629 amber pear1638 Christian1651 chesil1664 diego1664 frith-pear1664 primate1664 saffron pear1664 Windsor pear1664 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 ambrette1686 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 amadot1706 burree1719 Doyenne1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 chaumontel1755 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 nashi1892 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of calewey1377 honey peara1400 pome-pear1440 pome-wardena1513 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 worry pear1562 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 pound pear1585 poppering1597 wood of Jerusalem1597 muscadine1598 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 mollart1600 roset1600 wax pear1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 Venerian pear1601 musk pear1611 rose pear1611 pusill1615 Christian1629 nutmeg1629 rolling pear1629 surreine1629 sweater1629 amber pear1638 Venus-pear1648 horse-pear1657 Martin1658 russet1658 rousselet1660 diego1664 frith-pear1664 maudlin1664 Messire Jean1664 primate1664 sovereign1664 spindle-pear1664 stopple-pear1664 sugar-pear1664 virgin1664 Windsor pear1664 violet-pear1666 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 squash pear1676 rose1678 Longueville1681 maiden-heart1685 ambrette1686 vermilion1691 admiral1693 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 pounder pear1697 vine-pear1704 amadot1706 marchioness1706 marquise1706 Margaret1707 short-neck1707 musk1708 burree1719 marquis1728 union pear1728 Doyenne pear1731 Magdalene1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 Monsieur Jean1736 muscadella1736 swan's egg1736 chaumontel1755 St Michael's pear1796 Williams1807 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 Bartlett1828 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 snow-pear1860 Comice1866 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 snowy pear1884 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 199 London Sugar.—Fruit below medium size, turbinate. Ripe in the end of July and beginning of August. z. † London tuft n. Obsolete Sweet William = London pride n. a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pinks or carnations gillyflower1517 carnation1538 clove gillyflower1538 incarnation1538 William1538 pink1566 John1572 Indian eye1573 sops-in-wine1573 sweet John1573 sweet-william1573 tuft gillyflower1573 Colmenier1578 small honesty1578 tol-me-neer1578 London tuft1597 maidenly pink1597 mountain pink1597 clove-carnation1605 musk-gillyflower1607 London pride1629 pride of London1629 maiden pink1650 Indian pink1664 Spanish pink1664 pheasant's eye pink1718 flake1727 flame1727 picotee1727 old man's head1731 painted lady1731 piquet1731 China-pink1736 clove1746 wild pink1753 lime-wort1777 matted thrift1792 clove-pink1837 Cheddar Pink1843 Dianthus1849 bunch pink1857 perpetual-flowering carnation1861 cliff pink1863 meadow pink1866 musk carnation1866 Jack1873 wax-pink1891 Malmaison1892 grenadin1904 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 480 Sweete Williams, Tolmeiners, and London Tuftes. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1656) 320 We do..call the..narrower leafed kindes, Sweet Johns, and all the rest Sweet Williams; yet in some places they call the broader leafed kindes that are not spotted..London tufts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1475 |
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