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单词 london
释义

Londonn.

Brit. /ˈlʌndən/, U.S. /ˈləndən/
Etymology: < London, the name of the capital of England.
Used attributively in various special collocations.
a. London black n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > black > colour
London blackc1530
c1530 So well ys me be-gone in F. J. Furnivall R. Laneham's Let. (1871) Pref. 130 His hoysse of london black.
b. London blue n. Obsolete see London black n. at sense a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > purple or blue
purpureeOE
violet1380
jacinth1382
bluec1390
watchetc1405
celestinec1430
celestrine1435
turkin1483
hyacinth1610
London blue1633
mazarine1694
1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts iv. i. sig. I2 One part skarlet And the other London-blew.
c. London-bottled adj. (of a wine) bottled in London.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > qualities or characteristics of wine > [adjective] > bottled in specific place
château-bottled1888
estate-bottled1940
London-bottled1959
domaine-bottled1960
1959 Times 21 Sept. 13/2 London-bottled, it costs about 10s.
1972 Guardian 24 Feb. 11/2 The difference between London-bottled and château or domaine-bottled wine of the same vineyard..cannot be stated in hard terms.
1972 House & Garden Feb. 111/1 With London-bottled clarets starting at £1.50 and château-bottled at £2.50, the prices were not excessive.
d. London bridge n. a children's singing game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > singing game > specific
oranges and lemons1823
jingo-ring1841
mulberry bush1849
ring-a-ring o' roses1855
London bridge1894
1827 R. Thomson Chron. London Bridge 152 ‘Here follows the ancient Music to the Song and Dance of London Bridge is broken down.’…‘A choice piece of simple melody, indeed,’ said Mr. Postern,..‘but you called it also a dance, Mr. Barbican; pray was it ever adapted to the feet, as well as to the tongue?’]
1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 199 It is singular that the verses of this game [sc. ‘Hark the robbers’], also enter into the composition of ‘London Bridge is broken down’. It is probable, therefore, that it may be an altered form of the game of ‘London Bridge’.
1909 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics II. 852/1 The singing game known as ‘London Bridge’ has many variants in the different localities where it is played, but fundamentally the theme is the same.
1939 F. Thompson Lark Rise ix. 159 Well-known games still met with at children's parties, such as ‘Oranges and Lemons’, ‘London Bridge’.
1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games viii. 235 A singing game such as ‘London Bridge is Falling Down’.
e. London broil n. U.S. (see quot. 1969).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > broiled or grilled meat
collopc1440
braise1769
broil1822
braai1959
London broil1969
nyama choma1980
1969 R. De Sola & D. De Sola Dict. Cooking 143/1 London broil, large flank steak broiled, then cut in thin slices diagonally across the grain for serving.
1973 E.-J. Bahr Nice Neighbourhood ii. 24 We cooked a London broil out on the grill and ate on the patio.
1974 Columbia (S. Carolina) Record 24 Apr. 14-B/1 Most steak buffs have their favorite cut, and this brings up something I haven't been able to figure out: the names they give steaks. I'm told that Britons had never heard of London broil until some Yank informed them what it was.
f. London bushel n. Obsolete perhaps the same as the Winchester bushel (according to Fitzherbert it was smaller than that used in the north).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > bushel
bushelc1300
London bushela1475
town bushel1618
full1657
coal bushel1670
strake1706
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 626 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 320 Of a lunden buschelle he shalle bake xx louys.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viiv An acre of ground..may be metely well sowen with two London busshells of pees.
g. London button n. (also London buttons) Obsolete the foxglove.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > foxglove and allied flowers > foxglove
foxglovec1000
London button1552
wine-pot herb1552
finger1562
finger flower1562
lady's glove1575
foxter1623
fox-finger1657
fox1684
bloody finger1789
witch bell1808
fairy fingers1811
fairy thimble1813
dead men's bells1818
witches' thimbles1820
fairy bells1821
fairy glove1841
flap-dock1846
cow-flop1847
pop-glove1847
lady's thimble1853
Scotch mercury1853
poppy1856
fairy petticoats1864
finger root1870
fairy weed1871
pop-dock1878
witches' bells1884
1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Baccharis apud Ruellium, is supposed to be the flower called London button.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gantelée, the hearbe called Fox-gloues..and London buttons.
h. London clay n. an important geological formation, belonging to the lower division of the Eocene tertiary, in the south-east of England and esp. at and near London.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > tertiary or Cenozoic > Eocene
London clay1830
Eocene1831
1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 152 From the London clay we have procured three or four hundred species of testacea.
i. London fog n. a dense fog once peculiar to London and large industrial towns.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London
London particular1807
London fog1830
London ivy1853
1830 M. Edgeworth Let. 8 Dec. (1971) 445 It is so very dark in a thick London fog that I can scarcely see what I write.
1887 J. Ashby-Sterry Lazy Minstrel (1892) 141 'Tis sometimes yellow, sometimes brown, A London Fog!
1906 W. Marriott Hints to Meteorol. Observers (ed. 6) 67/1 London fog, the dry, gloomy, irritating fog peculiar to London and other large towns, aggravated by smoke.
1931 E. E. Cummings Let. 7 Jan. (1969) 120 A London fog struck the ville at the very moment of departure.
1972 E. Routley Puritan Pleasures of Detective Story iii. 36 Holmes..has moral status, and that makes one feel safer when one sets out with him into another London fog.
j. London gin n. a dry gin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] > kinds of gin
genever1689
South Sea1725
Hollands1753
Old Tom1810
deady1819
schiedam1821
Plymouth gin1854
unsweetened1886
London gin1920
Plymouth1920
ogogoro1982
1920 G. Saintsbury Notes on Cellar-bk. vii. 104 Gin, whether ‘squareface’ or London or Plymouth, [costs] not much more than half a crown.
1954 M. Sharp Gipsy in Parlour xxiv. 230 ‘Devon cider be a powerful brew,’ said my Aunt Charlotte... ‘London gin's a sight worse,’ retorted Clara.
1963 A. L. Simon Guide Good Food & Wines 721/1 London Gins, which differ according to the Distilleries responsible for them.
1970 House & Garden Nov. 126/2 The type of gin in most general use is London Dry... Though a few countries..deem ‘London’ to indicate a geographical origin,..the term London Dry Gin is mainly accepted as indicating a type of gin.
k. London ivy n. a fanciful name for: (a) the smoke of London, which ‘clings’ to buildings and blackens them; (b) a thick London fog.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > dirt caused by smoke
London ivy1853
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London
London particular1807
London fog1830
London ivy1853
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House x. 90 Smoke, which is the London ivy, had so wreathed itself round Peffer's name,..that the affectionate parasite quite overpowered the parent tree.
1889 Sporting Life (Philadelphia) 4 Jan. (Farmer) A very severe cold caught by nine hours' contact with London ivy.
l. London lady n. a kind of potato.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > potato > types of
baker1651
Irish potato1664
sprout1771
London lady1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
round1800
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
Murphy1811
lumper1840
blue1845
salmon1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
snowflake1882
magnum1889
ware1894
snowdrop1900
King Edward1902
Majestic1917
red1926
fingerling1930
Pentland1959
chipper1961
Maris Peer1963
Maris Piper1963
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > types of potato
potato1629
Rough Red1771
sprout1771
London lady1780
russet1780
ox-noble1794
pink-eye1795
kidney1796
Suriname1796
silver-skin1797
yam potato1801
bluenose1803
yam1805
bead-potato1808
lumper1840
blue1845
merino1846
regent1846
pink1850
redskin potato1851
fluke1868
mangel-wurzel potato1875
snowflake1882
snowdrop1900
pomato1905
Idaho1911
Majestic1917
red1926
Pentland1959
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (1892) I. 306 Of other sorts of potatoes, he finds the London lady and the apple to be the best sorts.
m. London measure n. Obsolete a former practice of London drapers of allowing something above the standard yard in their measurements.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > the measure of length > specific
London measure1647
quincupedal1656
sextula1656
Paris point1781
rack1831
angstrom1881
submicron1927
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 24 Whatever Christianity or Civility will allow, I can afford with London measure.
a1652 R. Brome Weeding of Covent-Garden Pref. Poem in Five New Playes (1659) 'Tis not in Book, as Cloth; we never say Make London-measure, when we buy a Play.
n. London particular n. colloquial (a) a kind of Madeira imported through London (obsolete); (b) a dense fog affecting London (now chiefly historical).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > fortified wine, Madeira wine, and sack > [noun] > Madeira
Madeirac1595
malmsey madeira1723
London particular1807
sercial1818
Bual1882
verdelho1883
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog > very thick fog > in London
London particular1807
London fog1830
London ivy1853
1807 Salmagundi 4 Feb. 22 I uncorked a bottle of London particular.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. ii. 54 I..will shew you an excellent venison pasty, and a bottle of London particular Madeira.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House iii. 20 ‘This is a London particular.’ I had never heard of such a thing. ‘A fog, miss,’ said the young gentleman.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House iii. 20 This is a London particular... A fog, miss.
1901 Scotsman 6 Nov. 10/6 ‘The London particular’, the fog which, four or five years ago, assumed the consistency of peasoup.
1991 J. Higgins Eagle has Flown (BNC) 84 The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat like acid. ‘Shocking, isn't it?’ Munro said. ‘Real pea-souper. What was it Dickens called it? A London particular.
o. London paste n. a caustic composed of equal parts of quicklime and caustic soda mixed with alcohol ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1889).
p. London plane n. Platanus × hispanica ( P. × acerifolia), a hybrid of P. occidentalis and P. orientalis, often planted as a street tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > plane-trees > [noun]
platanusOE
planea1382
platana1382
plane treea1425
platan treea1425
plantain1535
plane1562
dwarf plane tree1578
chenar1638
buttonwood1670
platanus tree1670
Norway maple1731
water beech1735
American plane1781
sycamore1814
buttonball1818
London plane1860
sycamore-tree1872
1860 T. Rivers in Gardeners' Chron. 21 Jan. 47/1 (heading) The London Plane trees.
1885 G. S. Boulger Fam. Trees 1st Ser. 23 Most of our London Plane-trees belong to an intermediate form.
1930 A. D. Webster London Trees 92 The Maple-leaved or London Plane stands first in the list of select trees for planting in towns.
1970 Nature 21 Mar. 1159/2 The London plane has proved extremely valuable as a tree that will endure the difficult environments of modern cities.
q. London purple n. a by-product in the manufacture of aniline dyes, consisting mainly of calcium arsenite, used as an insecticide.
ΚΠ
1889 Science 24 May 394/2 The supply of powder can be regulated to such a nicety, that Mr. Leggett claims he can make half a pound of London purple cover an acre.
1894 Times 16 Aug. 6/2 Paris green or London purple.
r. London red n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > pink or red > colour
London scarlet1501
London red1566
1566 A. Edwards Let. 26 Apr. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 379 Your London reds are not to be sent hither.
s. London rocket n. the plant Sisymbrium Irio, which (according to Ray) sprang up abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1666.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > sisymbrium or hedge-mustard
SisymbriumOE
flux-weed1578
mouse-ear1578
thale-cress1777
London rocket1837
1837 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 269 S[isymbrium] Irio, London Rocket.
t. London russet n. Obsolete see London scarlet n. at sense u.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > brown > colour
London russet1566
1566 A. Edwards Let. 8 Aug. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 380 I wore a garment of London russet, being much esteemed.
u. London scarlet n. Obsolete name for a particular colour of cloth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric of specific colour > [noun] > pink or red > colour
London scarlet1501
London red1566
1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 30 v quarteris Londone scarlat to lyne the samyn [doublat].
v. London shrinking n. a finishing process applied to fabric to prevent shrinkage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > shrinking
shrinking1856
preshrinkage1924
Rigmel1931
Sanforizing1948
London shrinking1957
1957 Textile Terms & Definitions (Textile Inst.) (ed. 3) 61 London shrinking, a finishing process.
w. London-shrunk adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [adjective] > shrunk
shrunk1895
preshrunk1907
Sanforized1930
London-shrunk1940
Rigmel1969
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 509/2 London-shrunk (Textiles), a term used in the woollen and worsted trades to indicate that a fabric has been specially treated in order to prevent shrinkage during make-up and when worn.
1950 ‘Mercury’ Dict. Textile Terms 323/2 London shrunk. The dry cloth to be shrunk is folded between an upper and lower layer of wet cloth. The cloth is then dried naturally, and afterwards pressed.
1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 239 London-shrunk, a process for shrinking wool fabric before tailoring.
x. London smoke n. a fancy name for a dull shade of grey.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > smoky grey
smoke-grey1807
smoke1882
London smoke1883
1883 Daily News 16 Oct. 3/1 Blue black, dark grey, and the new ‘London smoke’ are chosen.
y. London sugar n. a variety of pear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear
calewey1377
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
critling1611
pearc1612
nutmeg1629
rosewater pear1629
amber pear1638
Christian1651
chesil1664
diego1664
frith-pear1664
primate1664
saffron pear1664
Windsor pear1664
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
ambrette1686
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
amadot1706
burree1719
Doyenne1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
chaumontel1755
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
nashi1892
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 199 London Sugar.—Fruit below medium size, turbinate. Ripe in the end of July and beginning of August.
z. London tuft n. Obsolete Sweet William = London pride n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pinks or carnations
gillyflower1517
carnation1538
clove gillyflower1538
incarnation1538
William1538
pink1566
John1572
Indian eye1573
sops-in-wine1573
sweet John1573
sweet-william1573
tuft gillyflower1573
Colmenier1578
small honesty1578
tol-me-neer1578
London tuft1597
maidenly pink1597
mountain pink1597
clove-carnation1605
musk-gillyflower1607
London pride1629
pride of London1629
maiden pink1650
Indian pink1664
Spanish pink1664
pheasant's eye pink1718
flake1727
flame1727
picotee1727
old man's head1731
painted lady1731
piquet1731
China-pink1736
clove1746
wild pink1753
lime-wort1777
matted thrift1792
clove-pink1837
Cheddar Pink1843
Dianthus1849
bunch pink1857
perpetual-flowering carnation1861
cliff pink1863
meadow pink1866
musk carnation1866
Jack1873
wax-pink1891
Malmaison1892
grenadin1904
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 480 Sweete Williams, Tolmeiners, and London Tuftes.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole (1656) 320 We do..call the..narrower leafed kindes, Sweet Johns, and all the rest Sweet Williams; yet in some places they call the broader leafed kindes that are not spotted..London tufts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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