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单词 lord
释义

lordn.int.

Brit. /lɔːd/, U.S. /lɔrd/
Forms:

α. early Old English hlabard (Kentish), Old English hlafærd (Northumbrian), Old English hlafęrd (Northumbrian), Old English hlafor (rare), Old English hlafurd, Old English hlafweard (rare), Old English (chiefly Anglian)–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) hlafard, Old English (chiefly Anglian)–early Middle English hlaferd, Old English–early Middle English hlaford, Old English (rare)–early Middle English laferd, Old English–early Middle English laford, late Old English halford (probably transmission error), late Old English hlauordda (genitive plural), late Old English hlauurd, late Old English laborðe (dative, probably transmission error), late Old English lafearde (dative, perhaps transmission error), late Old English laueord (Kentish), late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) lafard, late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) lauord, late Old English–Middle English lauerd (northern in later use), early Middle English hlauerd, early Middle English hlauord, early Middle English hlouerd, early Middle English lafeord, early Middle English laferrd ( Ormulum), early Middle English laforð (probably transmission error), early Middle English lauard, early Middle English lauer, early Middle English lauerred, early Middle English lauert, early Middle English laverd, early Middle English laverrd ( Ormulum), early Middle English læuerd, early Middle English leauerd, early Middle English lehauerd, early Middle English leouerð, early Middle English leuerd, early Middle English lhaferd, early Middle English lhoauerd, early Middle English lofard (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English loruerde (transmission error), early Middle English louer, early Middle English louered, early Middle English louerld (transmission error), early Middle English lowerd, Middle English lauerde (northern), Middle English louerd (chiefly Yorkshire and Lincolnshire in later use), Middle English louerde (Norfolk and Lincolnshire in later use), Middle English louerede, Middle English louird, Middle English loverd (northern in later use), 1700s loverde (pseudo-archaic); Scottish pre-1700 lavyrd, pre-1700 lawerd; N.E.D (1903) also records a form Middle English lovuerde.

β. Middle English leord (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English lhord, Middle English lhorde, Middle English lorddes (plural), Middle English lordene (genitive plural), Middle English lore (perhaps transmission error), Middle English lorld (transmission error), Middle English lorlde (transmission error), Middle English lorrde, Middle English lort, Middle English lorte, Middle English lourd, Middle English lor, Middle English–1500s loorde, Middle English–1600s loord, Middle English–1600s lorde, Middle English– lord, 1500s loard, 1500s lored, 1600s lawrd, 1700s lurd (as interjection); English regional 1900s– lurd (Essex, as interjection), 1800s– lort (Lancashire), 1800s– lword (Cumberland), 1800s– loard (Derbyshire, Cornwall), 1700s–1800s loert (Derbyshire); Scottish pre-1700 loird, pre-1700 loirde, pre-1700 lorddis (plural), pre-1700 lorde, pre-1700 lourd, pre-1700 loyrd, pre-1700 loyrde, pre-1700 1700s– lord, 1700s– loard (as interjection), 1800s lo'd; Irish English 1800s loard (Wexford); U.S. regional 1900s– lod; N.E.D (1903) also records a form early Middle English lourde.

γ. Middle English larde (northern), Middle English laurd (north midlands), Middle English (chiefly northern) 1600s– lard (in later use nonstandard and as interjection), 1500s leard (as interjection); English regional 1800s– laird (Cumberland), 1800s– lard (Dorset); Scottish pre-1700 lairde, pre-1700 larde, pre-1700 1700s 1900s– lard (now Aberdeenshire, as interjection), pre-1700 1700s– laird, 1900s– leerd (Aberdeenshire, as interjection), 1900s– lyard (Aberdeenshire); U.S. regional 1900s– lard (Texas, Utah); see also laird n.

Also represented by the abbreviations l., ld, ld., lo. (with point). See also Lawd int. and n., Lor int. and n., lud int. and n.2
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: loaf n.1, English weard , ward n.1.
Etymology: < loaf n.1 + Old English weard guard, keeper (see ward n.1). The semantic development has in part been influenced by classical Latin dominus (see domine n.) and later also Anglo-Norman and Old French seignur, Middle French, French seigneur (see seigneur n.), which are frequently translated as lord . Compare lady n.Semantic history. Like the corresponding Old English feminine designation hlǣfdige lady n., the word has no formal parallels in other early Germanic languages (Old Icelandic lávarðr is a borrowing from Middle English). Both words reflect the provision of bread (Old English hlāf loaf n.1) as a staple food item, and the centrality of this to the household; the existence of a larger group of related words may be indicated by hlāfǣta , lit. ‘bread eater’, member of a household, dependant, and hlāfbrytta , lit. ‘bread distributor’, steward, although both of these words are found only in isolated attestations. Similar semantic motivation can be seen in later continental Germanic formations, as Middle Low German brōthēre , German †Brotherr employer of labour, lit. ‘bread-lord’ (15th cent.) and Middle Low German brōtēter , Middle High German brōtezze , brōtezzære (early modern German brotesse , brotesser ) household servant, lit. ‘bread eater’; compare also the much more recent English formation breadwinner n. Form history. The (disyllabic) α. forms reflect the original compound. Already in Old English, the compound appears to have been increasingly opaque (as the semantic development of the word would also suggest) and its phonological development reflects reduction and loss of stress in the second element. With the early variation in the unstressed vowel compare forms of world n. The sole attestation of unreduced Old English hlāfweard (in dative singular form hlāfwearde ), with breaking of the vowel in the second element, perhaps reflects an inflected form with secondary stress, preserved in verse (see R. M. Hogg Gram. Old Eng. (1992) I. §6.7 note 1), although it has also been suggested that it shows re-formation as a conscious archaism (especially given its occurrence in sense A. 1). For early loss of initial w- in the second element of an opaque compound compare fulloght n. The final f of the first element was regularly voiced between vowels already in Old English. In later Middle English α. forms become increasingly rare in the south. Further reduction of the second syllable (and concomitant loss of /v/ before r plus consonant: see R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §216.2) gave rise to the monosyllabic β. and γ. forms. The latter originally reflect the regular northern development of the word; examples in later use from outside Scotland and northern England are likely to show more recent developments based on the β. forms, partly reflecting regional pronunciations, and partly as euphemistic alterations of the words as applied to God (especially in uses as interjection). The Scots form laird has also been adopted in standard English to denote the owner of an estate in Scotland: see discussion at laird n. Conversely, forms with o (see β. forms) are already attested in Older Scots from the late 14th cent., and by the mid 15th cent. have become the usual form of the word (except in specific senses); it is uncertain whether these o forms are Anglicisms or the result of a native Scots phonological development (compare A. J. Aitken in Sc. Lang. 16 (1997) 2–3). In forms lo'd and lod chiefly as interjection, and as noun apparently only in phrases invoking God, such as Lord have mercy at Phrases 2b(a); compare Lawd int., Lawd n., and lud int., lud n.2 Specific senses. In Christian use with reference to God (see sense A. 6a) after the corresponding post-classical Latin use (Vulgate) of classical Latin dominus lord (see domine n.). This post-classical Latin use in turn reflects the corresponding Hellenistic Greek (Septuagint; New Testament) of ancient Greek κύριος lord, master (see Kyrie eleison n.), and its various Hebrew models (for this use), e.g. 'ăḏōnāy Adonai n. and YHWH (see Yahweh n. and discussion at Jehovah n.). In uses in Jewish contexts directly after Hebrew 'ăḏōnāy Adonai n. and YHWH (see Yahweh n.); in uses in Muslim contexts partly (in recent use) after the corresponding use of Arabic rabb lord, master, also used with reference to Allah (ultimately related to Hebrew raḇ : see Rav n. and compare rabbi n.1). In Christian use with reference to Jesus Christ (see sense A. 6b) after the corresponding post-classical Latin (Vulgate) use of classical Latin dominus lord (see domine n.), itself after the corresponding Hellenistic Greek (Septuagint; New Testament) use of ancient Greek κύριος lord, master (see Kyrie eleison n.). In Old English in specific use with reference to God or Christ, dryhten drightin n. is usually preferred (compare quots. OE at sense A. 6a, OE at sense A. 6b(a)). With Lords Spiritual and Temporal at sense A. 11a compare post-classical Latin domini tam spirituales quam temporales and similar expressions (from 1394 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignurs espirituels et temporels (a1307 or earlier); compare Lords Spiritual n. and Lords Temporal n. at Compounds 2. Formal uses in names of offices (see Compounds 2) apparently originated as honorific titles and forms of address (see sense A. 8b), typically in the late 15th and 16th centuries, when Lord is prefixed to existing names of offices (compare early quotations at e.g. Lord Admiral n. at Compounds 2, Lord Chamberlain n. at Compounds 2, Lord Mayor n.); this then became part of the formal title and is later sometimes continued in new formations (e.g. Lord Probationer n. at Compounds 2). It has been suggested that the mocking use to denote a hunchback (see sense A. 15) is related to lordosis n., but this is unlikely for chronological reasons (lordosis being only slightly earlier and originally used in a very different register), especially as the earliest such uses of lord occur in contexts that clearly associate it with lord n. (e.g. my Lord in quot. 1653; compare my Lord at sense A. 10a).
A. n.
I. A master, proprietor, or leader, and related senses.
1. The male head of a household; a man who has authority over servants, attendants, or slaves. In later use archaic or historical (frequently with admixture of other senses).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > master of servant
mastereOE
lordOE
sieur1886
society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > head of household
houselordOE
husbandOE
lordOE
goodmanc1275
husbandmanc1330
master1536
man of the house1539
housemaster1593
major-domo1649
house head1864
old baas1882
OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 15 Ne telle ic eow to ðeowan, forþam se ðeowa nat hwæt se hlafor [d] deð [L. quid facit dominus].
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Corpus Cambr. 201) viia. v. 262 Hiredmanna gehwilc sille pænig to ælmessan, oððe his hlaford sille for hine.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 37 Þa feol ðe þæȝen adun to his lafordes fotum.
a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 241 Nan ne mai twan hlaforde..samod þowie.
c1300 St. Leonard (Laud) l. 157 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 461 (MED) To þe louerd of þat Castel, seint leonard a-niȝht cam.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1388 Ðis maiden wile ic..to min louerdes bofte bi-crauen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6691 Qua smites his thain wit a wand,..If he liue ouer a dai or tuin, þe lauerd sal vnderli na pain.
c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 47 He wold gif hom toe so muche, or ellus more, As any lord wold euyr or qware.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 145 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 99 Bot yir lordis belyf ye letteris has tane Resauit yaim with reuerence.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 167 But now I [sc. Portia] was the Lord of this faire mansion, maister of my seruants. View more context for this quotation
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1894) 164 So I saw the fair face of the lord of the house, it would still my..love-sick desires.
1670 J. A. Comenius tr. Compend. Divine Law in Generall Table Europe (new ed.) App. 7 For men of this Age to inhabit in one anothers house, it is first necessary to know the Lord of the house, then they may enter and stay.
1795 Arville Castle II. xix. 154 Their dependants and servants, no less happy than their lords, were tuning their harps.
1877 H. D. Gordon Hist. of Harting iv. 66 This domestic bond of fealty between lord and servant, the strength of which we cannot in these days measure.
1907 Amer. Catholic Q. Rev. Jan. 135 The first loaf was put into this dish by the carver, and a piece of everything the lord was served with.
2004 H. Ellis Sweetness & Light v. 87 The brightness of their light enhanced the status of the lord of the household, and candles were part of the payments for members of the household.
2.
a. A man (or boy) who has dominion over subjects, or to whom service and obedience are due; a king, a ruler, a master. Also: a leader of a group of warriors or knights; a military leader or commander. Also in extended use. Now chiefly historical and somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority
mastereOE
herOE
lordOE
overmana1325
overling1340
seignior1393
prelatea1475
oversman1505
signor1583
hogen mogen1639
boss-cocky1898
man1918
trump1937
authority figure1948
Great White Father1960
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun]
lordOE
lordingOE
sire1297
damc1300
lordlingc1300
flaith1861
flath1873
OE Beowulf (2008) 3142 Alegdon ða tomiddes mærne þeoden hæleð hiofende, hlaford leofne.
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 318 Ic eom frod feores; fram ic ne wille, ac ic me be healfe minum hlaforde, be swa leofan men, licgan þence.
OE Death of Edward (Tiber. B.i) 1 Her Eadward kingc, Engla hlaford, sende soþfæste sawle to Criste.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1378 Þa comen þas cnihtes ut of Brutaine ferden of Lumbardie to Alamaigne. Assarac þe com ut of þissen eard his broðren hine cleopeden heora lauerd.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 607 Þis [is] ure eir Þat shal [ben] louerd of denemark.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3405 Swiche a lorld of lederes ne liued nouȝt, þei held.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1418 (MED) So watz served fele syþe þe sale alle aboute, Wyth solace at þe sere course bifore þe self lorde.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 174 A wel-langaged lud let þe king sone Aspien..ho were lord of hur land.
a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 629 Ciliarcha, a lord of thowsond knygtes.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. cccxxxiiiv It is a pytuouse case and their owne distruction whan subjectes rebell agaynst their naturall lorde.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xx. 185 The Citie of Cusco, (the ancient Court of the Lordes of those Realmes).
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 70 Man over men He made not Lord . View more context for this quotation
1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. xlii. 704 The king hereupon dismissed the nobility, that had followed their lord's fortune, with large presents.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlii. 254 The common people [in Mingrelia] are in a state of servitude to their lords.
1841 G. P. R. James Corse de Leon I. iii. 65 Who is lord here upon the side of the mountain but I?
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 321 A race which reverenced no lord, no king but himself.
1954 W. Golding Lord of Flies ix. 179 Nothing prospered but the flies who blackened their lord and made the spilt guts look like a heap of glistening coal.
1968 Black Belt Mar. 38/2 The death of their lord had stripped from them their proudest possession—the very right to be called samurais.
2007 M. Garrett Introd. in M. Hudson tr. Beowulf p. xi The members of a comitatus or closely-knit band give their lord unswerving loyalty in battle.
b. A man or (occasionally) god who has power, control, or pre-eminence. Also as a personification. Cf. sense A. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind
sunOE
lordOE
princec1225
primatec1384
princessc1390
giant1535
queen1554
first gentleman1584
Prester John1598
arch1605
gigant1610
principate1651
top-stone1659
first lady1677
Shakespeare1821
king1829
prius1882
aristocrat1883
Sun King1971
OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) VI, in Anglia (1884) 7 6 Hwi wæs Adame an treow forboden, þaþa he wæs ealles oðres hlaford?
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xvi. 273 Hwæðer ge..ongitan hwelc se wela se and se anweald and ða woruldgesælþa? Þa sint eowre hlafordas & eowre wealdendas, næs ge heora.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1299 Bule lateþþ modiliȝ..& hallt himm all forr laferrd.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 84 (MED) Man..wes lhord of alle ssepþes..onder heuene and to huam alle þinges boȝen.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xvi. 484 Þe sonne is þe..lord of planetis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 782 O wityng bath god an[d] ill ȝee suld be lauerds at ȝour will.
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 11 (MED) As sone as we leue þe loue of hym..we leese þe lordisdome of þis worlde..þere we were so fre as þe kyngis sones of heuene & lordis of alle þe world.
1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 191 The lord of wyndis..(God Eolus).
1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints sig. R4 As men in Summer fearles passe the foord Which is in Winter lord of all the plaine.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 38 When they [sc. wives] striue to be Lords ore their Lordes? View more context for this quotation
1643 J. Angier Lancashires Valley of Achor 7 Fire is a cruell Lord.
1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 5 He is..the envy of a great person, who is Lord in the Art of Quibbling.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 Love is Lord of all. View more context for this quotation
1764 ‘C. Morell’ Tales Genii I. 3 No Man is Master of himself, but the Public is Lord over him.
1779 T. Jefferson Let. 27 Mar. in Papers (1950) II. 237 Are they [sc. Congress] so far lords of right and wrong as that our consciences may be quiet with their dispensation?
1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. (rev. ed.) 10 The attribute of strength, by which the lord of the woods is more peculiarly distinguished.
1884 R. Browning Family in Ferishtah's Fancies 27 A leech renowned World-wide, confessed the lord of surgery.
1931 Illustr. Canad. Forest & Outdoors July 361/1 A surly old he-bear who figured he was lord of that domain.
2008 J. Quinn Goodnight Ballivor xxx. 138 You were lord of the dance And of the playing fields.
3.
a. A possessor of property, land, animals, etc.; a landlord; an owner, a proprietor.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner
landlorda1000
lordOE
lairdc1379
mailerc1485
landman1562
heritor1597
landowner1742
land-proprietor1815
territorialist1845
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 41 Þæs wingeardes hlaford..gemette oðre hyrmenn..and he cwæð him to, Gað into minum wingearde.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xxi. 29 Gyf se oxa hnitol wære.., & hi hit his hlaforde cyddon & he hine belucan nolde.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. vi. 5 He..shal ȝelde alle þynges hole þat þorw fraude he wolde wiþholde, &..þe fifþe part to þe lord [L. domino] to whom he dede þe harm.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 601, l. 602 Als oure lauerd has heuen in hand Sua suld man be lauerd of land.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vii. l. 156 Amonges lowere lordes þi londe shal be departed.
c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 97 All suche lordes as have Gutters betwyxt thar houses.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxv. 124 Like two tenantes in one house belonging to seuerall lordes.
a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd ii. i. 36 in Wks. (1640) III A mightie Lord of Swine! View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 142 Divers persons have interest in the Brine-pit, so that it belongs not all to one Lord.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 594 Turnus..Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword; And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord.
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 208 Many a Car, now lighted of its Lord.
1760 S. Foote Minor ii. 53 To let a lord of lands want shiners; 'tis a shame.
1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 23 Aye, all my knowledge unavails its lord.
1901 Speaker 11 May 149/2 Mr. Lambert's bill..might have weakened the feudal relation between lord and tenant.
1990 N. H. MacKenzie Poet. Wks. G. M. Hopkins 268 Every other member of the university could similarly claim to be lord of these grounds.
b. A feudal superior; the owner of a fee (fee n.2 1a) or manor (manor n. 3a). Cf. lord paramount n. at paramount adj. 1b. Now historical or in lord of the manor at Phrases 1d.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > feudal lord
lordOE
liege lord1297
seignior1393
liegec1440
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > (feudal) superior
lordOE
superior1472
lord of the manor1528
lord of the soil1594
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > lord or lady > [noun] > lord > feudal lord
lordOE
liege lord1297
seignior1393
liegec1440
seigneur1592
señor1845
flaith1861
flath1873
OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. lxxvii. 364 Fo se hlaford to þam æhtan & to his lande, þe he him ær sealde.
lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) i. 453 Se scadwis gerefa sceal ægðær witan ge hlafordes landriht ge folces gerihtu.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 On þam ilcan geare..for Willelm cyng of Normandige into France mid fyrde & hergode uppan his agenne hlaford Philippe þam cynge.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14703 Ȝiff þu takesst bisne att himm [sc. Abraham]..To wurrþenn herrsumm to þin prest. & till þin tuness laferrd [etc.].
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3662 Cadour erl of cornwayle..To þe king is louerd wende.
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 107 (MED) Non ne shal haue power to ȝiue rentes ne to resceyue bot..he be comen of grete kynde oiþer þat he be in grete lordes seruise.
1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §43. m. 5 Savyng allwey to the lorde of the fee, eschetes of his landes.
1497 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1497 §12. m. 5 The seid kyng of Scottis..ought..to..holde of you, sovereign lorde, his seid realme.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. cccxxx He was bayliffe of the towne, but the lorde hath put hym out.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ssssiiv The Lords recordes (which be the tenauntes euidences) be peruerted and translated, sometyme to the disherytyng of the ryght owner.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue iii. 109 The tenants..are bound to grind their corne at the Lords mill.
1692 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 110 The antient Family of Des Ewes, Dynasts or Lords of the dition of Kessell.
1740 Student's Law Dict. at Common fine A certain Fine which the Resiants within the Liberty of some Lords pay to the Lord of the same.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 324 Lord of the land or fee.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 427 The lord may seise the copyhold to his own use.
1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 77 The rights of the Lord of a town extended to the levying of tolls and customs.
1940 S. Painter French Chivalry i. 6 The eleventh-century baron who possessed a strong castle..could defy his lord with comparative impunity.
2013 Internat. Law Res. 2 46 Childwite..was a fine paid by a man to his lord for unlawfully impregnating his bond women.
†c. An owner of land in which a mine is situated; an owner of a mine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner > other specific landowners
lord1653
poligar1672
talukdār1793
mirasdar1796
boyar1846
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 5 See that right be done from time, to time, Both to the Lord, and Farmers, on the Mine.
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Mjb The chief Proprietor and Lord of the Mine; to whom Lot or Farm is paid by the Miner.
1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) Gloss. 139/2 Lord, the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord’.
1910 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 12 Mar. 565/2 The working costs were 25.7s. exclusive of the lord's royalty of 2.2s.
d. A person who has control or pre-eminence in a particular industry or profession; a magnate. Often with defining word prefixed, as coal lord, cotton lord, press lord, etc. Cf. drug lord n. at drug n.1 Compounds 1b.In later use probably influenced by sense A. 9a: cf. baron n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > merchant > [noun] > wealthy
merchant prince1760
baron1818
lord1821
magnate1850
1821 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 26 May 546 The big farmers, the cotton-lords, the anvil-lords, the bank-lords, and the ship-lords, seem to be pretty well provided for.
1841 R. Cobden Let. 12 Oct. in J. Morley Life R. Cobden (1881) I. x. 210 The cotton lords are not more popular than the landlords.
1884 D. Robertson Glasgow Past & Present I. 44 The style of building patronised by the tobacco and sugar lords, and other wealthy citizens.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 17 Jan. 10/1 A suspicion that the ‘coal-lords’ are hoarding their supplies.
1953 S. J. Perelman Let. 23 Dec. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 148 The press lord and his lady, on hearing I was bound for Kenya, began giving me unsolicited advice.
2008 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 3 May Just above the knee is—thank you lords of fashion—a flattering length for almost everyone.
4. A husband. In later use archaic or ironic. Cf. lady n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married man > [noun] > husband
churla800
lordeOE
werec893
husbanda1275
mana1325
masterc1325
sovereign1390
maritea1398
husbandman?a1439
goodman?1507
baron1595
spouse1604
husband of one's bosom1611
old man1673
hubby1682
sposo1741
hub1809
master-man1825
pot and pan1900
mister1931
DH1993
eOE (Kentish) Charter: Eadweald & Cyneðryð (Sawyer 1200) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 778 Ðis is geðinge Eadwaldes..& Cyneðryðe Eðelmodes lafe aldormonnes ymbe ðet lond et Cert ðe hire Eðelmod hire hlabard salde.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1076 Se cyngc hig [sc. Queen Edith] let bryngan to Westmynstre mid mycclan weorðscype & leide heo wið Eadwarde cynge hire hlaforde.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 43 Eue..nom & eet þer of & ȝef hire lauerd.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1497 Þu..scalt habben to lauerd [c1300 Otho louerd] min alre beste þein.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8902 Damaisele..þi louerd ssal abbe an name Vor him & vor is eirs vair wiþoute blame.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2689 (MED) Mark, her lord, þe king, Wiþ tresoun may hir to.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3918 (MED) Scho kayres to Karelyone and kawghte hir a vaile..all for falsede and frawde and fere of hir louerde.
c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 684 Þat wyf..grauntede well þat ylke day Her lordes wylle.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. ii. sig. a.ij She merueilled who that myght be that laye with her in lykenes of her lord.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 136 Tell these head-strong women, what dutie they doe owe their Lords and husbands. View more context for this quotation
1681 Viscountess Campden Let. 25 Aug. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 12th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Duke of Rutland (1889) 56 in Parl. Papers (C. 5889–II) XLIV. 393 My Lady Skidmore and her lord was at Mr. Conisby's house upon a visette.
1754 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VII. xliii. 214 Do they wish, like the wives of some Pagan wretches, to be thrown into the funeral pile, with the dead bodies of their Lords?
1767 W. L. Lewis tr. Statius Thebaid I. vi. 44 The childless Mother raves, And far out-weeps her Lord.
1861 C. M. Yonge Young Step-mother xxv. 371 She was come to take leave of home, for her lord was not to be dissuaded from going to London by the evening's train.
1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways I. x. 229 A woman submits to be the humbly knitting housewife, unquestioningly worshipful of her lord.
1914 S. Mitchell Compl. Poems 116 Tell the dame what fate her lord should have if three days gone no ransom bond came back to bring release.
1953 E. Marshall Caravan to Xanadu ii. 31 She admitted him to her bower now and again, while her lord was trading in Trieste.
2006 Tatler Aug. 109/1 The Lebanese love-boat and her lord have got the best manners in London.
5. As a respectful form of address to a man, esp. to a senior or superior. Now rare and archaic.In later use replaced especially by my lord (see sense A. 10), perhaps partly because of the use of lord as a form of address to God (cf. sense A. 6).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun] > as a form of address
lordOE
wye1340
gentleman1534
old fellow1567
gaff1573
godhood1586
gaffer1590
dad1605
daddy1681
hearty1735
cock-of-wax1790
governor1819
bub1839
smarty1847
doc1870
guy1876
Sunny Jim1903
big guy1910
chief1927
daddy-o1944
pops1944
tosh1954
Sonny Jim1960
ese1961
majita1963
G1990
mi'jito1990
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. i. 124 Se wurðfulla biscop Theophilus Alexandrige mægðe wrat ænne pistol and asende hine þam yldran Theodosio casere, þus cweðende: Hyt gedafenað, la wynsuma hlaford,..þæt we anbidion [etc.].
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 64 Laford, la, hwylc is he þæt ic ilyfe on hine?
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7025 Þa queð Hengest to þan kinge Lauerd [c1300 Otho Louerd] hærcne tiðende.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 621 Lowerd, we sholen þe wel fede.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1439 Leue lord & ludes lesten to mi sawes!
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 975 To Pandarus he [sc. Troilus]..seyde lord al þyn be þat I haue.
a1500 Sir Orfeo (Harl.) (1966) l. 200 (MED) Lordys..Y ordeyne my steward of myn halle.
c1565 Adambel Clym of Cloughe & Wyllyam of Cloudesle (Copland) sig. C.i The[y] sayed Lord we beseche the here that ye wyll graunt vs grace.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 96 Loue and meekenesse, Lord, Become a Churchman, better then Ambition. View more context for this quotation
1873 J. F. Dickson tr. Upasampadá-kammavácá in Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 7 (1875) 10 Are you a free man? Yes, lord. Are you free from debt? Yes, lord.
1997 B. Cornwell Excalibur (1998) 343 ‘You can ride without a saddle, Lord?’ he asked me.
6.
a. In Christianity and (less usually) Judaism and Islam: (a title of or name for) God. Frequently with the. Also in Lord God and (less frequently) Lord Allah.Lord (God) of hosts: see host n.1 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun]
the Most HigheOE
highesteOE
alwaldendOE
drightinOE
godOE
King of kingsOE
heavenOE
lordOE
sky?1518
gossea1556
beingc1600
deity1647
Master of the Universe1765
Morimo1824
Molimo1861
Gawd1877
big guy1925
Modimo1958
OE Lambeth Psalter: Canticles xv. 17 Ita est dominus pater, dominus filius, ita dominus spiritus sanctus : swa is hlaford se fæder [OE Cambridge Psalter drihtyn fædyr] is se sunu hlaford swa & is se halga gast hlaford swa.
lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 100 Micel eart þu, hlaford God, & micel is þin mihte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11391 Þe birrþ biforr þin laferrd godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 7 Ic am swiðe forȝelt aȝeanes mine laferde god almihtin.
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 71 Lauerd god we biddeð þus.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 3 Kings xviii. 36 Lord god [L. Domine Deus] of Abraham & of ysaac & of israel.
c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) l. 164 Bi þe lord and þe lawe þat we onne leeue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6163 To moyses þan vr lauerd teld, Quat wise þai suld þair pask held.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 44 (MED) Loke þat þin herte in hevyn toure be sett to serve oure lord god.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 2093 (MED) But the wey thedyrward to holde be we lothe, That oft sythe causeth the good Lorde to be wrothe.
1560 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 328 Be the lewing Lord, the eternal God..I do heir promise..that [etc.].
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 53 The breath of worldly men cannot depose, The deputy elected by the Lord . View more context for this quotation
1599 H. Austell in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 209 They [sc. pilgrims at Mecca] wash themselues from head to foote, saying, Tobah Allah, Tobah Allah, that is to say, Pardon lord, Pardon lord.
1617 J. Salkeld Treat. Paradise xx. 122 Not any creature so indomite, but that it was subject vnto mans dominion, while man was subiect to his Lord and Maker.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 162 The Lord increase this businesse. View more context for this quotation
1724 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden 46 That dismal Day..the Lord's People fell and fled before the Enemy.
1764 W. Guthrie et al. Gen. Hist. World VII. 38 O Lord God, if it is more for the good of my subjects, that my brother should reign.., let him prevail.
1827 C. Simeon Let. 10 June in Mem. Life C. Simeon (1847) 609 This is the Lord's work, and fit for a Sabbath-day.
1854 D. W. Marks Serm. in Sermons W. London Synagogue (1885) 2nd Ser. iv. 42 Wherever man is placed..it behoves him to remember, that the ever-watchful eye of the Lord is upon him.
1855 J. Motley Contrib. Nat. Hist. Labuan 38 We cannot give them, the Lord Allah has forbidden it.
1897 R. Kipling in Times 17 July 13/6 Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 9/2 He was convinced that the Lord had shown him the way and he must act.
1967 S. Terkel Div. Street vi. 126 Whatever his shortcomings are, the good Lord will compensate for them.
2002 H. A. Adil Muhammad i. 2 When Allah Almighty had spoken these words, the Pen split in two from awe of the Lord.
2014 Ireland's Eye Mar. 19/1 The preacher spoke of giving your life to the service of the Lord.
b.
(a) (A title of or name for) Jesus. Frequently with the. Also in Lord Jesus (Christ) or Lord Christ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
OE Wulfstan Homily: Be Mistlican Gelimpan (Tiber. A.iii) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 175 Drihten, hlaford Crist, alys us ealle þurh þine micelan mildheortnesse.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 186 Forr an godnesse uss hafeþþ don. Þe laferrd crist onn erþe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28088 To my lard ic am of-sene To crist ic haue vn-buxum bene.
c1400 in T. F. Simmons Lay Folks Mass Bk. (1879) 125 (MED) Þou art a sooþfaste leche, lord.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke f. 154v With such a trayne about him, did the Lord Iesus goe vnto Hierusalem.
1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Gen. Argt. sig. ¶.iiij Our mighty Sauiour and eternall redeemer the L. Christ.
1642 S. Ashe Best Refuge 25 The Lord our Saviour hath cast up such a caus-way to Heaven.
1662 W. Bates Peace-maker i. 2 His great design is..to express and prove the vertue and efficacy of the Lord Jesus his death.
1746 J. Wesley Let. 18 June (1931) II. 67 One who openly denied the Lord that bought him; I mean, openly denied the supreme Godhead of Christ.
1777 I. Backus Hist. New-Eng. I. i. 27 The Lord Jesus speaks of the utter ruinating and destruction of the tares.
1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus i. 26 He informs the Lord what he had heard about Paul.
1889 Ld. Tennyson Demeter & other Poems 173 How loyal in the following of thy Lord!
1909 Spectator 10 Apr. 570/2 The ideal purity of the Lord's Mother was best expressed in the purity of white lilies.
1965 D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones Spiritual Depression 84 He was the last of the apostles to see the risen Lord.
2004 Living Spirit Dec. 64/2 One of the prominent names of the Lord Jesus Christ in the Bible is ‘the Lamb’.
(b) spec. Our Lord. Cf. Our Lady n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
OE tr. Vindicta Salvatoris (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) in J. E. Cross Two Old Eng. Apocrypha (1996) 257 Ic hyne wrecan wolde and ealle hys fynd ofslean, forþam þe hig swa ymbe urne hlaford [sc. Christ] gedydon.
a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 243 Ure laford ihesu crist þe seið Sine me nichil potestis facere.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 In him com ur lord gon as is postles setten at mete.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 213 (MED) We ssolle þe festes of halȝen loki, and bidde þet hi ous helpe auoreye oure lhord Iesu crist.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 136 Oure lorde Iesu..Fastit him self, oure exampill to be.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxiij And it happened in the night of the Assencion of our lorde, that Pothon..issued out of Champeigne.
1653 W. Basse in I. Walton Compl. Angler iii. 81 Our Lord was pleased, when He Fishers made Fishers of men.
1738 D. Waterland Christian Sacrifice Explained App. 59 We represent and commemorate mentally, vocally, and manually,..the Death and Burial of Christ our Lord.
?1765 B. Wallin Lect. Primitive Christianity iv. 66 This glorious and important event, the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ.
1889 Church Q. Rev. Apr. 35 The Unitarian conception of our Lord's Person and Office.
1947 E. Taylor View of Harbour xi. 159 A picture of Our Lord carrying a nouveau-art lantern.
2008 Church Times 4 July 16/3 Division among conference participants over the meaning of our Lord's words.
c. In extended use, in non-Abrahamic traditions and religions: (a title of or name for) a god. Frequently appositively, in representations or translations of the specific name or epithet of a god.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 42 (MED) Þe unsehene unwihtes wunieð ham [sc. idols] in-wið, ant tu ase þine lauerdes luuest ham.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1765 Appollin mi lauer [emended in ed. to lauerd], ich þankie þe þat mi fæder is icumme to me.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 357 Lord Phebus dooth this myracle for me.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 665 (MED) He [sc. Mars] is alosed in lande, lord of þe breste.
1534 N. Udall Floures for Latine Spekynge gathered oute of Terence f. 10v O Iuppiter, quid ego audio? O lorde what do I here?
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1291 For their king and lord Osiris, they depaint and pourtray, by an eie and a scepter.
1689 G. Raymond Pattern of Pure Relig. Introd. p. xliii The best defence the greatest Men among the Pagans could make for the worship of those many Lords.
1794 W. Jones tr. Inst. Hindu Law i. 4 In whatever occupation the supreme Lord first employed any vital soul, to that occupation the same soul attaches itself spontaneously, when it receives a new body again and again.
1804 Poet. Mag. 278 Such magic has the Lord Apollo.
1831 V. Kennedy Res. Anc. & Hindu Mythol. vii. 98 Ashwalayana, having approached Brahma, thus addressed him:—‘O lord! instruct me in the knowledge of God, that most excellent and hidden truth.’
1882 M. Williams tr. Śikshā-Patrī in Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 14 759 Other persons (who have no worldly means) should engage in the worship of the supreme Lord (Vishṇu).
1928 Cent. Mag. May 110/1 The original Hanuman of the great Indian epic..helped the Lord Rama with never-failing faithfulness and devotion.
1990 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 29 Apr. 138 Hordes of pilgrims descend on Pushkar to take ritual baths in the lake created when Lord Brahma dropped a lotus petal countless moons ago.
2001 J. E. Cort Jains in World iii. 73 This signifies that the worshiper bears the instruction of the Lord upon the head, that the pūja will be performed..at the instruction of the Jina.
d. (A title of or name for) Buddha. Also in Lord Buddha.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Buddhism > [noun] > founder or teacher of
Buddha1681
lord1727
1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. ii. 36 The Deity..visited the World eight different times, appear'd the ninth in the person of this Negro, whom for this reason they [sc. in Siam] style..Prah bin Tsiau, the Saint who is the Lord; or plainly Prah, the Saint, or Budha'.
1826 H. H. Wilson tr. Mrichchakati viii. 137 Where shall I fly to—the LordBuddha be my refuge.
1884 W. W. Rockhill tr. Life of Buddha 99 While thus seated he said to the Blessed One, ‘If the Lord, the Blessed One, will permit it, I will ask him a question.’
1956 E. Conze Buddhist Medit. i. i. 45 Perfect in his knowledge and conduct.., leader of men to be tamed, teacher of gods and men, the Buddha, the Lord.
1994 R. Viladesau & M. Massa World Relig. 101 The Lotus Sûtra holds that Gautama was not..an ordinary human being who attained enlightenment... Rather, he has existed as Buddha, the supreme Lord, for incalculable ages.
2011 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 Sept. 24 The Buddhist calendar..says that it is the 2,555th year since the nirvana of Lord Buddha.
7. Astrology. A planet that has a dominant influence over a house (house n.1 11), ascendant (ascendant n. 1), event, etc. Chiefly in the lord of the ascendant at ascendant n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > dominant
lorda1398
ruler?1558
dispositor1598
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. x. 466 Aries is a firy signe..and þe hous of Mars. Þe sonne is lord þerof by day and Iubiter be nyȝte.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 205 Infortunat Ascendent tortuous Of which the lord is helplees falle..Out of his angle in to the derkest hous.
a1550 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) l. 2954 (MED) For the white worke make fortunat the mone, for the lorde of the iiii howse likewise be it done.
1579 T. Lupton Thousand Notable Things iv. 104 When the Alumten, or the Lorde of the Ascendent is Infortunate, in his fall.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 15 Those who have Mars Lord in their Nativities, become either Souldiers or Trades-men.
1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie ii. 152 The Sun, when he is Alfridary or Lord of a Cholerick, he causeth him to be of a brown colour.
1726 S. Penseyre New Guide Astrol. 86 If the Planet that beholds your Significator be an Infortune and Lord of a bad House, then he signifies Mischief to the Querent.
1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 280 The lord of the hour is the planet supposed to govern the planetary hour at the moment of a nativity, or at the time of asking a horary question.
1895 Mod. Astrol. 1 21 The position of the Significator, or lord of the Ascendant, in the fixed sign Taurus.
2003 India Business Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 Mar. Saturn, the Lord of the House of production and speculation,..gives benefits in the stock market.
II. As a designation of rank or office and related senses.
8. As an honorific title or (occasionally in early use) as a form of address.
a. Used when speaking of or to a man who is of high rank, esp. a member of the nobility. Also with the. Cf. lady n. 3a.my lord is the prevalent form of address: see sense A. 10a(a).In the United Kingdom the title has come to be applied in the following ways, though not with absolute consistency: as a less formal substitute for Marquess, Earl, or Viscount (prefixed to the surname or territorial designation); as a courtesy title applied to the eldest sons of dukes and marquesses; and preceding the surname or territorial designation of a baron or (in Scotland) lord of parliament (if the forename is mentioned, it precedes the title, as ‘Alfred, Lord Tennyson’).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > prefixed to name
lordOE
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for a lord
lordOE
damc1300
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) (Mercian register) anno 919 Her eac wearð Æþeredes dohtor Myrcna hlafordes ælces anwealdes on Myrcum benumen.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxvii. 300 In þam cwylde, se þe geswæncte swiðe þas burh in Norses tidum þæs hlafordes [L. patricii].
1363 in Chartulary of Cockersand Abbey 64 (MED) By ye Gyft..of sir Williamz of loncastr, hole lord of Wyresdale, & of other dyuersez senyours.
1427 in R. T. Storey Reg. T. Langley (1959) 62 (MED) I Elizabeth, lady of Ravenswath, late the wyf of the Lord FitzHugh..devyse and ordeyne my testament.
1455 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) V. 332/2 William Bonvyle Knyght, Lord Bonevile, his servauntes and adheraunts.
1545 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 214 George Erle of Huntlie, Lord Gordoun and of Bangzenocht.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 294 On the French part the Lorde John Cleremount fought vnder his awne Banner.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. vii. 61–65 Valiant Lord Talbot Earle of Shrewsbury: Created..Lord Talbot of Goodrig and Vrchinfield, Lord Strange of Blackmere, Lord Verdon of Alton [etc.].
1636 J. Trussell Contin. Coll. Hist. Eng. 93 Sir Iohn Oldcastle in right of his Wife called in courtesie Lord Cobham.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 50 The Lord Conway, who, for age and incapacity, was at last removed from the Secretary's office.
1781 (title) The Trial of the Honourable George Gordon, Commonly called Lord George Gordon.
1840 London Q. Rev. July 141/2 Lord Chatham, in an angry and contemptuous tone, directed Dr. Addington to break off all intercourse.
a1865 C. C. F. Greville Mem. (1885) II. 171 I dined with Lord and Lady Frederick FitzClarence and Lord Westmoreland.
1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians i. 19 Lord Robert Gore was a clever, ambitious young man.
2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names vii. 206 Lord and Lady Brent..got ennobled for donations to Mrs Thatcher's party.
b. Prefixed to a designation of office as an added mark of respect. Frequently with my.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > [noun] > prefixed to title of
lordOE
OE Glosses to Memoriale of Benedict of Aniane in A. S. Napier Enlarged Rule of Chrodegang (1916) 120 Cum domnus abbas..alicui ex fratribus aliquid opus facere precipit : þonne se hlaford abbod..ænigum ænig weorc don he byt.
lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 94 Hlaford biscop, geond me læt þry iunga men to slege.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 598 Þe pelotes ben made suspecte þe whiche þe Lord Bisshop of Rygence counseilled þe Lord Bisshop of Marsilence..to hele þe peynefulle strangurie, for he was dede in slepynge.
?1450 in E. M. Carus-Wilson Overseas Trade Bristol in Later Middle Ages (1937) 92 (MED) To the reverent fader in god, my lorde Cardynall and Chaunceller of Ingelond.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. clv I am somoned by a sergent at armes to apere byfore my lorde chaunceller.
1568–9 Reg. St. Andrews Kirk Session (1889) I. 315 James Thomsoun..being somound wytht my lord superintendentis lettres.
1639 (title) A Relation of the Conference betweene William Lawd..now, Lord-Arch-Bishop of Canterbury: and Mr. Fisher the Jesuite.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 3 Mar. (1970) I. 76 My Lord Generall Fleetwood told my Lord that he feared the King of Sweden is dead.
1747 tr. F. von der Trenck Memoirs 88 I arrived near the monastery, as my Lord Abbot was upon his return from the camp.
1774 J. Collyer Hist. Eng. II. v. 155 The king..said, with tear in his eyes, ‘My lord archbishop, what occasion is there for many words?’
1845 Cabinet Portrait Gallery Brit. Worthies I. 127 The Lord Cardinal..was disquieted by bad omens.
1872 Economist 7 Dec. 1489/1 The natural remedy would have been to supersede all these sinecure offices by a single Lord Controller.
1906 Amer. Mag. Aug. 408/2 He was on the march with an army that called him Tuan Nakim, the lord magistrate.
1980 P. Zagorin Culture & Politics i. 6 Later in the play, as lord governor in Richard's absence, Edmund of York will denounce Bolingbroke.
2001 T. Kneale Isle of Man (2007) i. 10 Also present are the Lord Bishop..and clergy and captains of parishes.
†c. Used when speaking of or to a male saint. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) lvi. 116 Uti patronus noster, beatus Benedictus, non alta..uoce loquendum permisimus : eallswa hlaford ure se eadiga na hluddre..stefne to specenne we geþafedon.
lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 98 Hlaford Sancte Nicolae, help us & geteoðe us þæt we þe gett geseon moton.
c1200 Serm. in Eng. & Germanic Stud. (1961) 7 61 (MED) Þe louerd seinte paul seiþ Ine þe halie pistel þet, [etc.].
c1250 in Englische Studien (1935) 70 243 Yborit werin ut þe heþen [read eyen] of þe louerld [read louerd] S. blase.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 14 (MED) Mi lhord sanyn Ion ine..þe apocalipse zuo zayþ þet he yseȝ a best.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 344 By that lord þt called is Seint Iame As I haue thries..Swyued the Milleris doghter.
d. Prefixed to the title of a male member of the nobility as an added mark of respect. In early used also prefixed to the title of a king or prince. Frequently with my. Now somewhat archaic.
ΚΠ
OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) li. 42 Hellanicus..cwæð to þam cynge: Hlaford cyng [L. domine rex], gemun Hellanicus, þinne þeow.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1123 Þa aseh dune se biscop of Lincolne & seide to þam kyng: ‘Laferd kyng, ic swelte.’
1393 in C. Innes Registrum Honoris de Morton (1853) II. 190 That the fornemyt Lord Erle hase grantyt and grantes be this wryt to the said Sir James of Douglas the fadir his speciale leise.
1423 Petition in Fenland Notes & Queries (1907–9) 7 307 (MED) To owre Worshipfull and graciouse lord Erle of Suffolk..Besechys mekely the pore tenauntry of the Duchie of Lancastre.
1444 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 13 Quhat time it be plessand to the said Lord Erle [of Orkynnay].
1512–13 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 403 To ane Irische nuris that gaif my Lord Prince sulk the tyme he wes seik.
a1566 T. Hoby Trav. (1902) 72 At Chasteubriant the French King shewed my Lord Marquess great plesure and disport.
1587 T. Churchyard Worthines of Wales sig. I3v There are in a goodly or stately place set out my Lord Earle of Warwicks Armes.
1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 126 If our Lord Duke Lodowicke will gently stroake the hand of his puissance ouer this City.
1661 Mercurius Caledonius 7 Jan. His excellency the lord Marquesse of Montrose.
1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane Ep. Ded. sig. a2 To the Right Honourable William Lord Marquiss of Hartington.
1750 H. Purefoy Let. 18 Oct. (1931) II. xvi. 413 My Lord Duke of Grafton had ordered a case to be laid before the Attorney Generall.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. iv. 111 Our purses, my Lord Duke, are our own.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. xv. 270 He will be at Roncq time enough to lick my Lord Duke's trenchers at supper.
a1974 G. Heyer My Lord John (1977) i. iv. 79 He answered that my lord Duke had died at Calais.
1991 S. K. Penman Reckoning i. 5 ‘My lord Earl!’ Damian stumbled backward, groping for his crucifix.
9.
a. A man of noble rank or high office; a peer; a bishop. Formerly also: †a man of high standing in society; spec. a feudal tenant holding a fee (fee n.2 1a) directly from the king in exchange for military or other honourable service (obsolete). Cf. lady n. 5a.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > lord or lady > [noun] > lord
herOE
lordOE
lordheada1325
lordship1394
milord1607
Lo.1610
milordo1758
OE Sedulius Glosses (Corpus Cambr. 173) in H. D. Meritt Old Eng. Glosses (1945) 33/2 [Caelicolae adsistunt] proceres [coetusque] : hlafordas.
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 158 (MED) Þe grete lordes of þe werlde taken wiþ strengþe þere þat þai shulden nouȝth taken.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4539 To fare out as fast with his fader to speke, & with lordesse [= lordes] of þat lond.
1387–8 Petition London Mercers in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 33 [T]o the moost noble & Worthiest Lordes, moost ryghtful & wysest conseille to owre lige Lorde the Kyng.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 442 Men myghten lordes knowe By there array, from oþer folke.
1453–4 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Mar. 1453 §65. m. 4 If such persone bee of the estate of a lord, as duc, marques, erle, viscount or baron.
1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 276 What attendance he hath abouts hym of lords and nobles of his reame.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiiiv For euer sence the Prelates were made Lordes and nobles, the ploughe standeth.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 18 Princes and noble Lords, What answer shall I make to this base man? View more context for this quotation
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor i. iii. 59 Our English name Lord, whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons, as also Bishops.
1641 Cavendish's Negotiations T. Woolsey xiii. 49 A Banquet for Madam Regent and the Queene of Navarre, and other Noble Personages, Lords and Ladies.
1732 W. King Toast ii. 71 (note) He wou'd boast, that notwithstanding his Exile, he had sufficient Power to raise himself to the Dignity of a Lord.
1788 J. Howard Let. 23 Mar. in R. Price Corr. (1994) III. 167 Most public Institutions are made private emoluments, one sheltering himself under a Bishop, another that of a Lord.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iii. iii. 26 The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.
1876 R. Browning Pacchiarotto & Other Poems 66 He's social, takes his rest On Sundays, with a Lord for guest.
1900 Daily Express 21 July 5/7 The Englishman of to-day still dearly loves a lord.
1955 N. Mitford in Encounter Sept. 12/1 The English lord has been nurtured on the land and is conversant with the cunning ways of the animal kingdom.
2001 Independent on Sunday 6 May i. 23/1 Baronesses..have got where they are without having married a lord.
†b. A baron as distinguished from a peer of a higher rank. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > baron or baroness > [noun] > baron
barona1200
bar1297
lorda1450
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 501 (MED) Eualach..Clepeth forth lord, dwk, Erl, and bachelere.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bviiiv Farre excellyng the state of lordes, erles, dukes or kynges.
1691 R. Ames Lawyerus Bootatus & Spurratus Ded. sig. A2 When I had finisht this little Piece, I was thinking what Duke, Marquess, Earl, Lord, Knight, Squire or Gentleman to Dedicate it to.
1730 Remarks for Simon Lord Fraser of Lovat 4 The Dominia of Lords are called only Baronies.
10.
a. my Lord. N.E.D. (1903) states that this is ‘usually pronounced (milǭ·ɹd) /mɪˈlɔːd/’; this is now restricted to ceremonial and very formal use.
(a) Used when speaking respectfully of or to a man who is of high rank, esp. a member of the nobility, a king, or a bishop. Sometimes with of and territorial designation. See sense A. 5; cf. my lord v. Now chiefly archaic.See note at sense A. 8a.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun]
yea1225
my Lordc1300
seigniorc1330
squire1382
noblessec1390
lordship1394
grace1423
gentlenessc1425
magnificencec1425
noblenessc1425
greatness1473
worshipc1475
your mightinessa1500
excellency?1533
celsitude1535
altitude1543
Your Honour1551
sublimity1553
excellencea1592
captal1592
gentleperson1597
clemencya1600
gravity1618
grace1625
grandeur1632
eximiousness1648
professorship1656
prince1677
excellenceshipc1716
Graceship1804
seigniorship1823
valiancy1828
your seignorie1829
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > form of address to
my Lordc1300
worshipc1475
Mr Justice1596
justiceship1637
Lord Chief Justiceship1752
Your Honour1832
lud1878
Mrs Justice1903
Madam Justice1957
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 437 Help me to kniȝte Bi al þine miȝte, To my lord þe king, Þat he me ȝiue dubbing.
c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 1228 ‘Mi lord þe douke,’ he seyd anon, ‘For schame lete þo leuedis gon.’
1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 7 To praye diuine seruice for my lordes soule Sir Thomas West.
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 1330 (MED) Sche seyde to þe Erchebischop, ‘My Lord..ȝyf it lyke ȝow, I wyl gon ageyn to hir.’
1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 321 The same day, my Lord rekened with his lokyer.
1543 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 190 My lord, we recommend our hartlie and humil seruice vnto your lordschip.
1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 95 My Lord of Leycester is verie well knowen, to haue no title to the Crown.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 64 This bald vnioynted chat of his (my Lord) I answered indirectly. View more context for this quotation
1637 T. Heywood Royall King v. sig. Iivv You my Lord of Chester appeare shallow, To thinke my actions can disgrace the Kings.
1684 Lady Russell Let. 20 Apr. (1773) 17 I hear my Lord Gainsborough and my Lady will be shortly at Chilten.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. Pref. p. viii I apprehend, my Lord Shaftesbury's Opinion of mere Burlesque agrees with mine. View more context for this quotation
1766 G. Colman & D. Garrick Clandestine Marriage v. i. 85 Your nephew, my Lord, has been plotting to run away with the younger sister.
1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 737/1 What [is there] in my Lord Eldon but a lachrymose impotence?
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood iv. 21 Mr. Sapsea has even been spoken to in the street as My Lord, under the impression that he was the Bishop.
1903 Wide World Mag. Aug. 401/1 ‘It is well, my lord!’ retorted the minx. ‘I have a wish to see a sahib somewhat closer.’
1994 S. Robinson Lady Dangerous ii. 17 I may store these away along with our other American accoutrements, my lord?
(b) As an honorific title used when speaking of or to a bishop. With of and territorial designation. Cf. my lord v. Now archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 230 (MED) The mater was put to my Lorde of London.
1561 Stanford Churchwardens' Accts. in Antiquary (1888) 17 168/1 At my lorde of Sarums commandment.
1640 E. Pagitt Christianographie (ed. 3) xvi. 199 A petition to my Lords Grace of Canterbury.
1709 W. Nelson Rights Clergy Great Brit. 174 My Lord of Sarum..makes it a Doubt whether the Clergy were ever in Possession of any Right to be chosen Members of Parliament.
1751 T. Secker Let. 26 July in Corr. (1991) 212 If my Lord of Lincoln will endeavour..to prevail with his Dean & Chapter to come onto this method, he will perform a Brotherly part.
1874 Catholic Progress Feb. 57/1 My lord of Lincoln, was far more sumptuous in his profusion than his episcopal brother of Chichester.
1953 C. A. Brady Stage of Fools xvii. 297 What grieved More most of all..was the way in which..my Lord of Durham, Cuthbert Dunstall, acceded to the royal fiat.
(c) Used when speaking respectfully of or to a judge in court. Cf. my lord v.The clipped or affected pronunciation associated with this use is sometimes represented by the spelling my Lud or m'lud (see lud n.2 2, m'lud n.).
ΚΠ
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 90/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I Sir Iohn Alen spake to the Lorde Iustice these woordes. My Lorde, your house giueth the Marmoset.
1699 Tryal Spencer Cowper 43 Sir, please to give my Lord and the Court an account what you know of me.
1794 Def. Joseph Gerrald 1 My Lord, I object to Mr. William Creech.
1859 Solicitor's Jrnl. & Reporter 5 Feb. 246/1 My Lord, there is something singularly interesting in the contemplation of the judicial system of this ancient kingdom.
1905 Rex v. Russell 34 I submit, my lord,..that this is a scandalous case of libel.
1962 B. Rathbone In & Out of Char. vii. 107 My lord, Mr. Miller brought me from London to play in this play.
2014 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Nov. My Lord, I did not say those words. I would never call a policeman a pleb.
(d) As a respectful form of address used when speaking to an officer or dignitary such as a Lord Mayor, Lord Chancellor, Lord Advocate, etc. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1621 Jrnl. 15 Mar. in Commons Debates 1621 (1935) II. (modernized text) 224 They took the money of him and carried it in to my Lord Chancellor and came out to him again saying that my Lord was thankful.
1642 R. Quatermayne Conquest over Canterburies Court 37 Then said I to my Lord Major, my Lord,..my presence shall not be hurtfull to you.
1703 Ld. Belhaven's Speech 2 These, My Lord, are our present Circumstances.
1777 H. Arnot Let. to Lord Advocate of Scotl. 8 My Lord, you are a Lawyer, and understand the doctrine of compensation.
1832 Let. to Lord Provost 26 My Lord, I plead the cause of this ignorant and degraded, and wicked portion of the community.
1893 A. Gordon Earl of Aberdeen viii. 191 The minister..turned to the loft in which ‘my Lord’ was seated, and made a low bow.
2008 Kamloops (Brit. Columbia) Daily News (Nexis) 6 Dec. a7 ‘My Lord!’ I exclaimed [to Mayor Terry Lake], ‘if a councillor can't learn the ropes in a year, why would we want him around.’
b. my Lords.
(a) As a respectful form of address used when speaking to two or more noblemen, bishops, or judges. my lords, ladies, and gentlemen: a formula used in addressing an audience, now sometimes (often humorously) when no one entitled to be addressed as ‘lord’ is present.
ΚΠ
a1422 T. Hoccleve Balades to Henry V & Knights Garter l. 45 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 42 Our Cristen kyng..And yee, my lordes..shul qwenche al this nusance [sc. heresy], And this land sette in hy prosperitee.
1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 4 Ye yaf in commaundement to my lordes..to abstene hem both from sittyng in þis hie court of parlement.
a1555 N. Ridley in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 101 My Lordes, if in times past ye haue bene contented to hear me sometimes in matters of relygion.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. viii. 17 My Lords, We were fore-warned of your comming. View more context for this quotation
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 87 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Separate Divisions for the two Houses of Parliament, my Lords the Judges, [etc.].
1782 ‘P. Pindar’ Lyric Odes to Royal Academicians i. 5 That easy..thing My Lords the Bishops ride—yclep'd a Sack.
1827 Lancet 23 June 272/1 To conclude, my Lords, Ladies, and Gentlemen, you will perceive, in thus attempting to expose corruption, I have undertaken an arduous task.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. viii. 65 Yes, verily, my lords and gentlemen..so you must.
1956 R. Galton & A. Simpson Hancock's Half-hour (1987) 63 My lords, ladies and gentlemen, and now we will send another thirty-six lions in for Mad Jack to tear to pieces.
1997 News of World 14 Dec. 14/1 But the cost..should really be borne by My Lords, the Queen's crazy judges.
†(b) Used in official correspondence as a collective designation for ministers, commissioners, government officials, etc. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 My lordis of chalker, pleis ȝow to heir My coumpt.
1571 Bp. J. Ross Let. 6 Nov. in W. Murdin Coll. State Papers Ld. Burghley (1759) 52 That Pointt moved to me be my Lordis of Counsell this Day, off the Proceidingis betuix the Quene my Mistresse and the Duke of Norfolk.
1769 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 53/1 A written message from the Lords of the Treasury..was read, and is as follows: ‘My lords can see no reason to alter their former opinion.’
1867 Ld. Derby & B. Disraeli Minute 10 May in Ld. Bridges Treasury (1964) 233 My Lords are of opinion that the office should now be given a more substantive character than that of Assistant Secretary.
1872 C. R. Row Great Battles Brit. Navy vi. 94 Admiral Vernon..speedily got himself into hot water with ‘my lords’ at Whitehall.
1906 R. McKenna Let. 6 Dec. in Navy Dockyard Expense Accts. 1906–7 (1908) in Parl. Papers (H.C. 88) LXV. 163 My Lords note that the net result..will be a reduction of 44,000l. on the deficit of 247,000l..., sanctioned by the Treasury letter of 15 August last.
11.
a. In plural. The members of the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (formerly of England), considered collectively. Also (with the): the upper house as a legislative body; the House of Lords (see sense A. 11b(a)).The House of Lords is composed of Lords Temporal and Lords Spiritual (see Lords Spiritual n. at Compounds 2, Lords Temporal n. at Compounds 2). The former are secular members or peers; the latter are bishops of the Church of England (before 1529, some other senior members of the clergy were included). In combination they are often referred to as Lords Spiritual and (also or) Temporal.Before 1999 the right of peers to sit in the House of Lords was hereditary; at that date the number of peers retaining this right was reduced to ninety two. Nowadays the majority of Lords are life peers, appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > lord or lady > [noun] > peer or lord of parliament > collectively
lords1394
peerage1454
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > House of Lords
lords1394
Lords' House1548
House of Lords1641
hereditary1836
1394–5 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1907) H. 420 (MED) And our lige lord, it has ben declared to alle your lordes spirituels and temporals in the same parlement the pouert and the nounpoaire of your pouere comunes of your Roiaume.
1451 Petition in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 529 To make requisicion..to the lordes espirituallx and temporelx in this present parlement assembled.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 349 The Lordes of the vpper house, and the common house assembled together.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 189 The House of Commons presented to the Lords Spirituall and Temporall a Petition.
1675 A. Marvell Let. 23 Oct. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 167 To desire the Lords concurrence herein.
1751 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 388 In the Lords there were but 12 to 106, and the former the most inconsiderable men in that House.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 50 The legislature of the kingdom is entrusted to three distinct powers, entirely independent of each other; first, the king; secondly, the lords spiritual and temporal..; and, thirdly, the house of commons.
1812 T. Moore Twopenny Post Bag ii. 47 Quite upturning branch and root Lords, Commons, and Burdétt to boot.
1846 in C. C. F. Greville Mem. (1938) V. 336 He got the House of Commons to sit on Saturday (very unusual), in order to send the Bill up to the Lords on Monday.
1897 ‘Ouida’ Massarenes iv. 49 Don't suppose I shall ever live to get into the Lords.
1959 I. Jennings Law & Constit. (ed. 5) iv. 138 The Queen's feudal court, afforced by all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal.
2012 Daily Tel. 8 Aug. 17/1 Nowhere in the Coalition Agreement is reform of the Lords tied to the boundary review.
b. In House of Lords.
(a) The upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, composed of peers (hereditary or appointed) and bishops. Also: a committee of specially qualified members of the House of Lords, appointed as the ultimate judicial court of appeal of England and Wales. Formerly also in †Lords' House (obsolete). The House of Lords and the House of Commons are the Houses of Parliament; these, along with the monarch, form the legislature of the United Kingdom. See House of Commons at commons n. Phrases 5, houses of parliament n. at house n.1 and int. Phrases 3h.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > House of Lords
lords1394
Lords' House1548
House of Lords1641
hereditary1836
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxixv Whiche bill the nexte day was wholy agreed to in the lordes house.
1641 (title) The kings maiesties speech in the House of Lords in parliament.
1664 P. Du Moulin Vindic. Sincerity Protestant Relig. ii. 64 In the height of the late Tyrannie, two heads of the Gun-powder Traytors that were set up upon the House of Lords, were taken down.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 35 [They] may..be call'd by Writ into the Lords House of England.
1701 R. Cocks Diary 26 May in D. A. Hayton Parl. Diary (1996) 172 They think fit to acquaint the commons with the follo[w]ing resolutions of the house of Lords.
1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. IV. xxxviii. 47 This vote readily passed the house of commons; but it met with some opposition in the house of lords.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) V. 332 This case having been heard in the House of Lords, the Judges were directed to give their opinions.
1842 Jurist Mar. 77/1 His Lordship proposed that the Crown should have the power of summoning the House of Lords to sit in the recess of Parliament for judicial business only.
1876 F. Martin Hist. Lloyd's v. 76 This very innocent piece of information about the doings of the House of Lords was..not relished in high quarters.
1911 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 224 If a breath from Mr. Lloyd George can blow away the House of Lords, why should the Church of England, which he hates as much, stand?
1970 Guardian 7 Aug. 10/2 As long as the House of Lords exists it ought to contain as much talent as can be persuaded to go there.
2011 N. Kochan & R. Goodyear Corruption iii. 67 The Bribery Bill had its first reading in the House of Lords in November 2009.
(b) slang (originally Scottish). A urinal, a toilet. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] > urinal
pissing place1440
pissing post1619
leaking tub1673
leaking vessel1673
pissery1693
urinary1836
urinal1851
pissoir1919
pisser1950
urinoir1955
House of Lords1961
1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1139/1 House of Lords, the, a urinal: Glasgow schoolboys' [slang].
1967 Listener 21 Dec. 802/2 In between you have the Business Man Jocular: ‘I say, where's the geography, old son?’ or ‘When you need the House of Lords, it's through there.’
1969 J. Alexander Where have All Flowers Gone? i. 46 Half way up the stairs there was a lavatory... ‘The House of Lords,’ said Jake.
1974 F. Muir & D. Norden Upon My Word! 33 Ah—if anyone needs the House of Lords it's at the end.
†c. In plural. Roman senators; members of the ancient Roman senate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in ancient world > in ancient Rome > member of
senatorc1275
lords1571
senate1581
1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste ii. ii. f. 54v These nouelties then muche troubled Tiberius, whiche without staie, communicated them to his Lordes of the Senate.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 320 The knights, and gentlemen of Rome separated themselues from the Lords.
1723 R. Blackmore Alfred iv. 119 The august assembled Lords of Rome Acquitted Princes or pronounc'd their Doom.
1910 W. S. Davis Infl. Wealth in Imperial Rome iv. 155 Much public beneficence there was..; but hardly on the princely scale of the lords of the Senate.
12. Chiefly in plural. (The title of) a member of a board, department, delegation, etc., appointed to perform an important office of state and holding or exercising commissioned authority. Frequently in Lords (Commissioners) of the Admiralty, Lords (Commissioners) of the Treasury. In early use also: †a member of the monarch's council, in any of its various advisory, executive, or judicial capacities (cf. Lords of Council at council n. 7) (obsolete).Cf. also First Lord of the Admiralty n. at first adj., adv., and n.2 Compounds 1b(b), First Lord of the Treasury n. at first adj., adv., and n.2 Compounds 1b(b).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > lord or first lord
lord1398
First Lord of the Admiralty1723
First Lord1814
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > of specific department
Chancellor of the Exchequerc1330
Lords (Commissioners) of the Treasury1642
foreign secretary1734
Home Secretary1784
war-minister1790
oil minister1960
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > naval officials > [noun] > Lord of Admiralty
First Lord of the Admiralty1723
Lords (Commissioners) of the Admiralty1739
First Lord1814
sea-lord1817
1398 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 38 The withhaldars sal be constreignyt be the said lordis [sc. the Scottish and English commissaries] to restore the ravnson.
1477 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Brechinensis (1856) I. 201 It is counsalit ws be the lordis off our counsale that [etc.].
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2146/1 A supplication should be made to the lord Commissioners, in the name of the whole vniversitie.
c1570 J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1830) 136 The lordis of the counsall maid thame to be aggryit thaireftir.
1642 C. Vernon Considerations Excheqver 54 Some of the Auditors of the Revenue having of late moved and pressed the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury.
?1648 Act to transmit into Chancery & Exchequer Orders Parl. 2 The Lords Commissioners of the Great Seale shall aswell award under the same Seale a Writ of Certiorari.
1653 Ld. Baltemore's Case 8 A business.., decided by the then Lords Commissioners for Forraign Plantations, against the sayd Capt. Cleyborn.
1678 in W. G. Scott-Moncrieff Rec. Proc. Justiciary Court Edinb. (1905) II. 332 The Lords Commissioners of Justitiary..remitts the samen [article of the dittay] to the knowledge of an assise.
1718 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 90 Sir James Mountague, Knight, One of the Lords Commissioners of the Great-Seal.
1739 G. Murray Mem. George Baillie & Grisell Baillie (1822) 24 He was made one of the Lords of the Admiralty, and soon after one of the Lords of the Treasury.
1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 136 The Lords Commissioners in Barnes v. Crowe appeared to have held that [etc.]... Lord Commissioner Eyre stated the particular circumstances.
1840 United Services Jrnl. Jan. 114 The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have issued a memorandum to the fleet.
1884 S. Dowell Hist. Taxation in Eng. II. ii. iv. 116 George Grenville as a junior lord of the admiralty.
1959 J. M. Reid Scotl., Past & Present 110 They [sc. judges of Court of Session] are also Lords Commissioners of Justiciary, and may go on circuit to try criminal cases.
2003 Guardian 12 May 25/2 There is far less disagreement between the first and second lords of the Treasury than reports would suggest.
13. In plural. In Scotland before the Act of Union (1707): members of the unicameral parliament, esp. those from the nobility (cf. Lord of Parliament n. at Phrases 4b). Also with modifying word.historical after the early 18th cent.
ΚΠ
1425 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1425/3/3 Thai [sc. anent hospitalis] that are fundit be bischoppis or uthir lordis spirituale or temporal.
1426 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1426/33 Thir ar the articulis..determynit be oure soverane lorde..ande certane lordis, prelatis..chosyn tharto of the hail consell of the thre estatis.
1483 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1483/6/14 At the lordis, barouns and commissaris of borowis.., the quhilkis lordis and estatis, beand..avisit.
1515 Acta Dominorum Concilii 11 July in Sc. Hist. Rev. (1921) 18 160 That the lord Drummond refusit the xl dais of privelege that all lordis and barounis aucht to have.
1579 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1579/10/4 The quhilk day, in presence of the lordis commissionaris of parliament [etc.].
1640 Dumbarton Burgh Rec. (1860) 62 John Sempill menit him and the said burgh to the lords and comittee of the estait.
1660 Mercurius Caledonius 31 Dec. The commissioners for the severall burghs..after them the barrons..next the lords in their robes.
1702 G. Ridpath Disc. upon Union Scotl. & Eng. v. 83 It will be a hard matter..to prevail with any of those Lords, Barons and Burgesses, that must agree to this Regulation.
1779 H. Arnot Hist. Edinb. iv. 462 The Lords Temporal chose eight bishops.
1805 tr. in Scots. Mag. 67 662/1 The said lords prelates of the church, and temporal Lords, replege the said inhabitants of lands.
1890 G. Watson Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (ed. 7) 406/2 The ancient Parliament of Scotland consisted of the King and three Estates of the Kingdom... The three Estates are—the Lords temporal, the Lords spiritual, and the Commons.
1995 S. Clark State & Status 192 Though a clear distinction was made between lords and others who came to parliament, there was no ‘house of lords’ in Scotland.
14.
a. (The title of) a man appointed to preside over a festive occasion or ceremony. Chiefly with of. For Christmas lord, summer lord, harvest lord, Whitsun lord: see the first element. See also Lord of May n. at May n.2 Phrases 2, Lord of Misrule n. at misrule n. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > persons and characters > [noun] > presiding
Master of (the) Revels1510
lord1519
revel master1651
agonarch1656
1519 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 141 To Alexander Ruderfurd and Willeam Turing lordis of Bonacord sex merkis to..help to thare abellement for honour of the gud tovne.
?a1556 Grey Friars Chron. anno 1551 in R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1882) II. 235 The lorde of Crystmas of the kynges howse came thorrow London.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1067/2 On mondaie the fourth of Januarie, the said lord of merie disports came by water to London.
1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 95 I haue seene a Quinten set vpon Cornehill.., where the attendantes on the Lords of merrie Disports haue runne.
1708 C. Morthland Acct. Govt. Church of Scotl. 23 In the Fourth and Last Year, the Magistrands before they rise, chooses fifteen from among themselves, whom they call Lords, and one of them is their President.
1806 R. Bloomfield Wild Flowers 40 Many a Lord, Sam, I know that, Has begg'd as well as thee.
1878 Belgravia June 431 The Lord of Inobedience, the Abbot, and their motley train appear never to have danced through the capital after.
1990 F. P. Barboza Christianity in Indian Dance Forms v. 106 A mile long parade of the votaries of King Momo, the Lord of the Carnival.
b. English regional (chiefly East Anglian). (The title of) a reaper who leads the others in the harvest; = harvest-lord n. at harvest n. Compounds 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > reaper or mower > leading reapers
lord of the harvest1534
harvest-lord1573
lord1743
stubble-rig?1780
harvest-ladya1825
harvest queena1825
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Oct. 141 To act as head Man in Mowing..for which Reason he is called Lord, or Chief of the Workmen.
1806 R. Bloomfield Horkey Advt. The man who..goes foremost through the harvest with the scythe or the sickle, is honoured with the title of Lord, and at the Horkey, or harvest-home feast, collects what he can.
1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens xv. 131 We go back to the blacksmith's to grind our scythes. All the gang was there, lord and all.
1941 H. J. Massingham Fall of Year ii. 53 A flight of sickle-men is just coming off the barley-field beyond the yard for 'levenses, and the ‘Lord’ has gone ahead to pour cider.
†15. Originally slang. A hunchback; (with my) a mock title given to a hunchback. Obsolete.The New Dict. Canting Crew (1699) has a parallel sense of Lady: ‘a very crooked, deformed and ill shapen Woman’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > person
crouchbackc1491
crook-backa1513
urchin1528
lord1653
crump-backa1661
crump1698
hump1708
humpback1712
hunchback1712
crumple-back1845
bible-back1873
knarl-
1653 N. Hookes Miscellanea Poetica in Amanda 103 Thou i'th' mean while (it is an honourable word Amongst the Hunch-backs) shalt be call'd my Lord.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Lord, a very crooked, deformed, or ill-shapen Person.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxi. 240 His pupil..was..on account of his hump, distinguished by the title of my lord.
1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 623 That a deformed person is a lord.
1887 W. Besant World went very well Then I. iii. 86 He was, in appearance, short and bent, with rounded shoulders, and with a hump (which made the boys call him My Lord).
16. North American regional (chiefly Newfoundland and New England). A male harlequin duck. Cf. lord and lady n. at Phrases 1h and lady n. 13. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. Resid. Coast Labrador I. Gloss. p. xii Lady, a water-fowl of the duck genus, and the hen of the lord.
1870 Canad. Naturalist 5 301 The male of this species, which is called a ‘lord’ in Newfoundland, is decidedly the handsomest little duck inhabiting these cold regions.
1901 G. B. Grinnell Amer. Duck Shooting i. 191 Some of the names given for this duck..are..rock duck, lord for the male and lady for the female, and squealer.
1955 Bull. Mass. Audubon Soc. 39 376 Harlequin Duck. Cock Lord (Maine. The male..); Lady Lord (Maine. This name is both logical in designating the female of a species often called simply ‘lord’, and illogical in implying that ‘lord’ can be feminine.); Lord (New England).
B. int.
Expressing surprise, emphasis, dismay, etc. Cf. law int., Lawd int., Lor int., lud int.In religious contexts, especially in early texts, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish use of Lord! as an exclamatory address to God or Christ from its use as a simple interjection.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 1146 (MED) Ha lord, hou sche is softe.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 298 (MED) O lord [L. o deus], whi is it so greet difference bitwixe a cirurgian & a phisician?
a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 358 Lord! in tyme of Jesus Crist..were men not bounden to shryve hem þus.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxj Lorde how glad the poore people were of this Pardone.
?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 238 O Leard Leard wone woude take him for a foole by his gowne & his capp.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 50 O Lord I must laugh. View more context for this quotation
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour ii. ii. 15 Lard, Cousin, you talk odly.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 225 Laud, madam,..I wonder you so much disturb yourself.
1792 J. Wolcot Odes to Great Duke vii, in Wks. (1792) III. 10 Lord! what a buying, reading, what a racket!
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. viii. 140 Lord! how Charlotte and I did stuff the only time we were there! View more context for this quotation
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene II. ii. 259 Lord, what a state I shall be in till I know what has taken place.
1914 G. B. Shaw Fanny's Last Play iii, in Misalliance 220 Lord, how I do run on! Dont mind me, Mrs. Gilbey.
1993 P. Ackroyd House of Dr. Dee (1994) vi. 231 He gave me a cordial mixed with wheatmeal and the seeds of melon. He called it a fomentation, and lord! it was bitter enough.

Phrases

P1. Phrases relating to a master, leader, proprietor, etc.
a. lord and master.
(a) Often in plural. A person or (occasionally) thing with power, control, or pre-eminence over another or others; a superior. Formerly often with reference to Christ or God. In later use ironic or with pejorative connotations.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xi. 476 In þese twelue housis..þe seuen planetis ben lordis and maistris [L. dominantur].
a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 1082 Wo me..Me shameþ to loke, For þat y my swete lorde and mayster forsoke.
a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 201 Henry the fifte..wolde have be Lorde and master aboute the rounde see.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) li. 172 Of late I haue lost my goode lorde and mayster.
1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. bjv Stoope Englande stoope, and learne to knowe thy lorde and master.
1611 S. Veghelman tr. J. de L'Espine Three Godly Treat. 195 Hee is Lord and Master..; Hee is your Creator.
1694 C. Norwood Divine Eloquence 111 They were the lords and masters over them.
1703 G. Farquhar Twin-rivals iv. 45 Here I am Lord and Master without your Resignation.
a1789 W. Adams Serm. (1790) xv. 311 To tread in the steps of our Lord and Master; to resemble even God himself.
1846 Spirit of Times 4 July 218/2 A cookie who was lord and master of the culinary department.
1887 ‘Zamiel’ Eleven-twelfths Alloy 27 The injustice, meanness, toadyism and corruption of our Lords and Masters.
1975 P. Harcourt Fair Exchange ii. 121 ‘You're a Counsellor, a senior official..what advice would you give?’..‘I can't see our lords and masters asking me.’
2010 Irish Independent (Nexis) 2 Aug. Media coverage..was based on a cosy consensus that our lords and masters knew best.
(b) A husband. In later use ironic or humorous.
ΚΠ
1665 R. Verney Let. 5 June in M. M. Verney Mem. (1899) IV. iv. 122 Peg Gardner saw your Lord and Master with some gentlemen in Parke.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 251 Your Lord and Master came in very moody.
1797 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Wife III. xiv. 261 This had been one of her Lord and master's rambling days.
1816 J. Austen Emma III. xvi. 300 I am waiting for my View more context for this quotation
1864 C. M. Yonge Trial I. vii. 126 She was not going to be one of the womankind sitting up in a row till their lords and masters should be pleased to want them!
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 609 The erring fair one begging forgiveness of her lord and master.
1961 A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo viii. 343 And as to your wife,..exercise the droit de seigneur. You're her lord and master.
2015 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 28 Jan. Apparently her new lord and master does not appreciate how much it costs to keep her looking this good.
b.
Lord of the Isles n. [compare post-classical Latin dominus insularum (14th cent. in a Scottish source)] a member of the Scottish nobility with lordship over the Western Isles of Scotland (chiefly historical); (later) an honorific title given to the eldest son and heir apparent of the Scottish monarch and, since the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain, to the Prince of Wales.In 1462, the then Lord of the Isles, John MacDonald II made a secret treaty with King Edward IV of England to overthrow the Scottish king. When this was discovered in 1493, he forfeited his titles and the larger part of his estates to James IV of Scotland. The title ‘Lord of the Isles’ has been purely honorific since that time.
ΚΠ
1408 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 68 That the lord of the Ilys haffis tak of the Erll of Mureff.
1513 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 7 Forsamekle as Lauchlane McClane of Dowald..has..maid ane lord of the Iles tending to usurp the kingis properte in tha partis.
1667 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1916) II. 18 The heretrix married the Lord of the Isles, for quhilk he acclamed the Earldome.
1767 W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. II. 391 The capital forts in the highlands were in the hands of Baliol's followers, particularly the lord of the Isles.
1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 460 The Macdonalds, Lords of the Isles..who claimed to be Kings as well as Chieftains.
1898 M. Belloc Lowndes HRH Prince of Wales iv. 47 The titles under which the Prince was sworn being those of Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Rothesay, and Lord of the Isles.
1982 P. Somerset Fry & F. Somerset Fry Hist. Scotl. viii. 116 Like most of his predecessors, James had confrontations with the Highland chiefs, especially the lord of the Isles.
2001 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 13 June (Features section) 14 The royal train carrying the Duke of Rothesay, Lord of the Isles, who is sometimes known as Prince Charles, to the first of his Scottish engagements.
†c. Scottish. lord of one's own: possessor of one's own property. Obsolete.In quot. 1488 a person having dominion over his own lands, rather than holding them as a vassal or steward.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 27 Als fre I am in this regioun to ryng Lord off myn awne, as enir was prince or king.
a1500 Ratis Raving (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 1379 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 39 Ay the eldar that þow bee, The mar the vyce [sc. covetousness] encouerys the, and makis the bot a kepar knawin quhar þow suld lord be of thin awin.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii*v To mak you lord of your avne me think it grete skill.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 128 To mak me lord of my awin.
d. lord of the manor.
(a) A feudal superior; an owner of a manor (now somewhat rare). Later more generally: an owner of a large house or estate. Now also in to play (also act) the lord of the manor: to behave in a grand, overbearing, or proprietorial manner.Feudal lordships of the manor consist of three elements: a title, a manor house or land, and certain rights granted to the holder; these elements can exist separately or in combination. Lordships of this kind are a remnant of feudalism but exist in current property law. Especially since the mid 20th cent. many titles have been purchased to which property and rights are no longer attached; these are known as incorporeal hereditament. Any rights attached to titles have lapsed unless registered in the Land Registration Act of 2002. [Compare post-classical Latin dominus manerii lord of a (particular) manor (from 1086 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignur del maner (c1292 or earlier). Compare earlier landlord n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > (feudal) superior
lordOE
superior1472
lord of the manor1528
lord of the soil1594
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) ii. f. xiiv If..a straunger brynge a precipe quod reddat agaynst the lorde of the manour [Fr. le seignior del manor] and recoueryth the manour agaynst hym..the tenaunte shall ones agayne do homage.
1593 J. Adames Order of Keeping Court Leete sig. E3v Note that all the vacant and waste land within the Manour, is to the Lord of the Manour.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue iii. 110 Hath the Lord of the Mannor any peculiar fishing within any river.
1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 221 Upon the petition of Messire Robert,..Lord of the Mannour of the upper and lower Cocherel, wee have this day come to the sayd town of Cocherel.
1718 W. Wood Surv. Trade 309 It is most strange and unaccountable Policy in many Lords of Mannors.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xii. 387 All lords of manors, or barons, that held of the king in capite, had seats in the great council.
1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 96/1 The lord of the manor has no more right than the pauper of the poor-house, to the land which he undoubtedly does own.
1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 2nd Ser. xxix. 237 At that moment the lord of the manor passed by.
1933 Irish Times 27 Dec. 8/3 They were going to shoot at Hawridge Court, near Chesham, where Matthews was Lord of the Manor.
1955 Listener 24 Nov. 903/1 He acted the Lord of the Manor..but most emphatically never lost the common touch.
1973 Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.) 19 Apr. 21/3 She's mentally and physically exhausted, and then you come home and play lord of the manor.
1998 Guardian 26 Sept. e15/1 The lord of the manor's right to hold fairs on the land..may conflict with [the interests]..of a would-be buyer.
2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 44 Water mills..were originally in the hands of either the Lord of the Manor or the local monastery.
(b) Rhyming slang for a tanner (tanner n.2). Occasionally in the contracted form lord. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > sixpence
tester1560
half-shilling1561
teston1577
mill sixpence1592
crinklepouch1593
sixpencea1616
testrila1616
piga1640
sice1660
Simon1699
sow's-baby1699
kick1725
cripple1785
grunter1785
tilbury1796
tizzy1804
tanner1811
bender1836
lord of the manor1839
snid1839
sprat1839
fiddler1846
sixpenny bit or piece1897
zac1898
sprasey1905
1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles Poverty, Mendicity & Crime 163/2 Lord of the manor, sixpence.
1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 5/2 Lord of the Manor, sixpence.
1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Nov. 782/1 Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner.
1972 Lebende Sprachen 17 8/3 Lord of the Manor, tanner (old sixpence).
e. lord of oneself: master of one's own demeanour or conduct; (also) controller of one's own fortunes or future.
ΚΠ
1570 T. Blundeville tr. F. Furio Ceriol Very Briefe Profitable Treat. sig. L.1 For hee..is Lorde of himselfe, and therfore the more able to prouide a ready remedy for a soden mischiefe [no corresponding sentence in the Italian original].
1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 93 That in truth renders us in some sort like unto God Almighty, by making us Lords of ourselves.
1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 146 I live, and reign, Lord of myself.
1832 Bouquet 5 May 185/3 He was now lord of himself, and master of an ample fortune.
1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude xi. 305 Lord of himself, in undisturbed delight—A noble aspiration!
1916 K. Tynan John-a-dreams xiv. 169 What was coming to her in this old country that she..who had been ‘Lord of herself’ since she was in the nursery..should be learning shyness and self-consciousness?
2004 T. Guest My Life in Orange (2005) vi. 86 We were each given three names. The first was always the same: ‘Swami’—meaning ‘Lord of Oneself’—for the men.
f.
† lord in gross n. Obsolete rare a person who has the status and rights of lordship over others but without manorial rights.Only in translations or interpretations of Fitzherbert's La Nouel Natura Breuium (1534). Cowell's application of the term to the king constitutes an unusual interpretation of Fitzherbert. [After Anglo-Norman seignur en gros (1534 in Fitzherbert, or earlier), compare seignurie en gros lordship in gross (1422 or earlier); compare also gross n.4 2e.]
ΚΠ
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ss4/2 Lord in grosse..is he that is lord hauing noe maner, as the king in respect of his crown.
1652 W. Hughes tr. A. Fitzherbert New Natura Brevium 11 Lands holden..meerly of the King as of his Crown, who is a Lord in gros (because it is holden of him who is always King).
g.
lords of (the) creation n. (occasionally in singular) men as opposed to women; (now also) those entitled or able to exercise power or control over other people, the natural world, etc., or who act with a sense of such entitlement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun] > men collectively
wapman-kinc1175
manc1300
menkinda1470
mankind1526
manhood1588
mens-kind1592
the sterner (alsobetter, rougher, stronger) sex1608
lords of creation1649
menfolk1749
masculinity1860
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > others
micklea1300
personagec1485
Triton1589
Jovian1598
gallimaufry1600
lords of creation1649
man of destiny1827
mugwump1828
man of the moment1837
history-maker1848
1649 W. Everard et al. True Levellers Standard Adv. 17 The Earth is the Lords, that is, Mans, who is Lord of the Creation.
1688 A. Behn Lycidus 16 Those faithless Slaves, which Heaven first made to obey the Lords of the Creation.
1744 J. Hobart in Lett. Countess Suffolk (1824) II. 207 I almost loved woman for her sake, and thought..they might attain to a sagacity equal to that of the lords of the creation.
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl II. x. 189 'Tis really a mighty silly thing for a lord of the creation..to take up his residence in a boarding house..where there are pretty women.
1849 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 27 May 9/3 The horses were being freshened up with hay and water, and coaxed into another super-quadrupedal effort on behalf of the lords of the creation.
1853 E. Clacy Lady's Visit Gold Diggings Austral. xvi. 255 The absence of so many of ‘the lords of creation’ in pursuit of what they value..more than all the women in the world—nuggets.
1902 Sat. Rev. 17 May 628/1 We are going to be more than ever lords of creation, navigate the heavens as easily as we do the waters.
1961 W. M. Watt Muhammad iii. 59 The influential merchants of Mecca..were not the lords of creation they thought they were.
2013 Sc. Express (Nexis) 16 Sept. 23 The swaggering Lords of Creation covered Vietnam peasants with Agent Orange.
h.
lord and lady n. (also lord and lady duck) North American regional (chiefly Newfoundland and New England) the harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus; a pair of such ducks; (in plural lords and ladies) such ducks of both sexes or irrespective of sex; cf. A. 16 and lady n. 13.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > histrionicus histrionicus (harlequin duck)
rock duck1704
lord and lady1766
harlequin1772
mountain duck1831
1766 J. Banks Diary 1 Sept. in A. M. Lysaght J. Banks in Newfoundland & Labrador (1971) 139 The People here tell a remarkable Fact if it is a true one of a Kind of duck Cald here Lords & Ladies..who they say at times Pursue the Gulls whom they Persecute till they make them Dung which they catch with great dexterity before it reaches the water & immediately Leave off the Chace.
1770 G. Cartwright Jrnl. Resid. Coast Labrador 29 July (1792) I. 20 I shot four eider ducks, and seven lords and ladies.
1836 E. Wix Six Months of Newfoundland Missionary's Jrnl. 162 I had a fine view of a patch fox in my walk, saw several seals, and some of those very beautiful birds, called by the people of Newfoundland ‘lords and ladies’.
1901 Birds & Nature 9 155/1 In the New England States and northward along the Atlantic coast it [sc. the Harlequin Duck] is frequently called the ‘Lord and Lady’, because of the white crescents and spots of its plumage and the proud bearing of the male.
1930 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. 1 32/2 The Harlequin Duck..is known to trappers and prospectors in the far west as ‘Lord and Lady Duck’.
1988 Defenders July 17/1 This is the one sometimes known as the mountain duck or rock duck, or in pairs as the lord and lady.
2010 Battleboro (Vermont) Reformer (Nexis) 20 Aug. In the pounding surf along the rocky coastline, ‘lords and ladies’ popped to the surface like so many cork bobbers.
i. lord of all one surveys (and variants): a person who has complete power, control, or pre-eminence, esp. within a certain sphere or area; also in extended use.The phrase probably derives from W. Cowper: see quot. 1782 at monarch n.1 1b.
ΚΠ
1818 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 173 The arrival of Dora, the daughter of this ‘lord of all he surveyed’.
1834 New Sporting Mag. Feb. 255/1 Living at my Club at the rate of £3,000 a year.., fancying myself lord of all I survey.
1881 London Jrnl. 19 Feb. 125/1 Elsie would remain at Stanmere, lord of all she surveyed.
1922 H. W. Myers Western Birds 298 If one may judge by the actions of the Western Mockingbird he feels that he is rightful lord of all he surveys.
1996 C. Higson Getting Rid of Mr Kitchen iv. 52 There I sat, lord of all I surveyed. The king in his castle, the dog in his kennel.
P2. Phrases relating to or invoking God.
a. (in) the year of our Lord (also †our Lord God, †our Lord's incarnation) and variants: = Anno Domini adv. and n.; (in) the year as dated from the birth of Christ. Now archaic and historical. [In in the year of our Lord God after post-classical Latin anno domini Anno Domini adv.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > particular year in Christian era
year of gracec1325
(in) the year of our Lord (also our Lord God, our Lord's incarnation)1389
the year of Christc1392
Anno Dom.1438
year1482
anno1484
Anno Domini1485
the year of (our) redemption1513
A.D.1556
year of (man's) salvation1560
OE Royal Charter: Cnut to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 959) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1095 Ðeos landboc wæs gewriten on ðan þusende & ðri & twentehte gære fram ures hlauordes hælendes Cristes akennednesse [L. anno ab incarnatione domini nostri Iesu Christi].]
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 89 In ye ȝere of houre louerde a Thousande yre hundred sixti and seuene.
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 34 (MED) He decessid and was put to his fadres the ȝere of oure Lorde mclxxiiij.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 19 The day and the yeer of oure lord of my departyng from this wourld.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccviijv This was in the yere of our lordes blessed incarnacion.M.v.C.lxx.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 268 (margin) King Achai dies the ȝeir..of our Lourd 819.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xi. 154 In the yeere of our Lord God, one thousand five hundred seaventy nine.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. x. iv. 1705 In the yeere of our Lord God 1567..their Citie was sacked by the foure Kings.
1688 H. Keepe True Narr. Finding Crucifix 6 On St. Barnaby's Day, In the Year of our Lords Incarnation One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty and Five..I met with two Friends.
1729 J. Lewis & H. Thomas Hist. Great-Brit. 32 Surnames began to be taken up in England, France and Scotland, about the Year of our Lord God One Thousand.
1774 F. Hopkinson (title) A pretty story written in the year of Our Lord 1774.
1838 S. Jefferson Hist. & Antiq. Carlisle 186 The first introduction of Christianity into this island..did not take place till about the year of our Lord, 200.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. v. 50 In or about the year of our Lord 1640..great estates in the north country were suddenly confiscated.
1966 W. Stechow Northern Renaissance Art 38 He settled down in Antwerp and there entered the painters' guild in the year of our Lord 1551.
2005 J. Weiner Goodnight Nobody xxii. 184 The Upchurch Town Hall, according to the plaque..in front of the building, had been built in the Year of Our Lord 1984.
b. In collocation with mercy.
(a) Lord have mercy (on us) and variants. [Compare post-classical Latin Domine miserere mei Lord have mercy on me, Domine miserere nobis Lord have mercy on us (Vulgate), and also Hellenistic Greek Κύριε ἐλέησον Lord have mercy (see Kyrie eleison n.)]
(i) Used as a prayer or exhortation requesting mercy.This prayer was written on the doors of houses affected by the bubonic plague, esp. during the epidemic in London in 1665.
ΚΠ
a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 217 Milzfule louerd haue merci of me.
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 101 (MED) Louerde Crist, þou red vs rede, And of vs þou hab mercie.
a1500 ( Vision E. Leversedge in Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset (1905) 9 27 (MED) Lord, have mercy vpon me, the moost wikid synner of all the world.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 419 Write Lord haue mercie on vs, on those three. View more context for this quotation
1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. H I am sick, I must dye. Lord haue mercy on vs.
1638 R. West To Pious Memory T. Randolph in T. Randolph Poems sig. ***3 The Titles of their Satyrs fright some, more Then Lord have mercy writ upon a doore.
1665 Londons Lord have mercy upon us (single sheet) The Red Crosse still is us'd, as it hath bin. To shew they Christians are that are within: And Lord have mercy on us on the Door, Puts thee in mind, to pray for them therefore.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 194 He set the great Red Cross upon his Door with the words Lord Have Mercy Upon Us.
?1790 Adventures of Pin ii. 33 O Lord, have mercy upon me, and keep me from all such gentility say I.
1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress V. 159 There she died. Lord-a-mercy upon those that had a hand in such a business.
1857 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 8 Aug. 145/1 Some ass of a popular music manufacturer..made of the solemn: ‘Lord, have mercy upon us! Christ, have mercy upon us!’ a mere dance fit for a village festival.
1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 513/1 The infected house was shut up with a large red cross and ‘Lord have mercy upon us’ painted on the door.
2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 97 And poor Edmund is gone. He was buried yesterday. May the Lord have mercy.
(ii) Expressing surprise, dismay, etc. Also in Lord-a-mercy and other contracted forms (cf. God-a-mercy int. 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
1581 T. Lupton Persuasion from Papistrie 293 The other with a starte, sayde Lorde haue mercie vppon me: wyth that Mawlden turned and sayd, what aylest thou Iohn?
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxlvi. 213 'Tis not a Bare Lord have Mercy upon us, that will help the Cart out of the Mire.
?1780 Adventures Air Balloon (ed. 5) 6 It was with much ado that I prevailed on my father and mother... Lord a mercy on us!
1855 ‘W. Brooke’ Eastford vi. 60 What! a lady drownded!..Lord-a-massy!
1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge I. iii. 49 Lord a mercy, is that how she talks?
1918 G. Moore Story-teller's Holiday xlvii. 284 But lord amassy, what time is it?
1990 P. Matthiessen Killing Mister Watson (1991) 205 O Lord-a-mercy—now why do some fool women do that, you suppose?
(b) Lord have mercy (on me): a painful and dangerous intestinal illness; = ileus n. 1. Now historical and rare. [Apparently after post-classical Latin Domine miserere, lit. ‘Lord have mercy’, denoting a disease of the gut (early 16th cent. or earlier; attributed to Razi, 10th cent.; also miserere mei, lit. ‘have mercy on me’).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > obstruction or constriction
iliac passion1519
iliac1542
rest1571
Lord have mercy (on me)1585
miserere mei1611
volvulus1679
ileus1706
miserere1755
typhlostenosis1890
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 433/2 Ileus..the Illiake passion, or a paine and wringing in the small guts, which the homelier sort of Phisicians doe call, Lorde haue mercy vpon me.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. xiii. 58 The torments of the small guts, commonly called the Iliake passion [Note] or, Domine miserere mei,..Lord have mercie upon me.
a1836 R. Williams Medicine in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 554/2 Popular opinion, which has termed this disease ‘Lord have mercy upon us’, seems to consider it entirely beyond the powers of medicine.
2010 D. Mitchell 1,000 Autumns Jacob de Voet (2011) i. 71 Death by intussusception, or..‘shitting out your own intestines’... Its Latin name is miserere mei, translatable as ‘Lord have mercy’.
c. Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.): expressing surprise, reproach, etc. [Compare God bless me! at bless v.1 9a.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]
whatOE
well, wellOE
avoyc1300
ouc1300
ay1340
lorda1393
ahaa1400
hillaa1400
whannowc1450
wow1513
why?1520
heydaya1529
ah1538
ah me!a1547
fore me!a1547
o me!a1547
what the (also a) goodyear1570
precious coals1576
Lord have mercy (on us)1581
good heavens1588
whau1589
coads1590
ay me!1591
my stars!a1593
Gods me1595
law1598
Godso1600
to go out1600
coads-nigs1608
for mercy!a1616
good stars!1615
mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616
gramercy1617
goodness1623
what next?1662
mon Dieu1665
heugh1668
criminy1681
Lawd1696
the dickens1697
(God, etc.) bless my heart1704
alackaday1705
(for) mercy's sake!1707
my1707
deuce1710
gracious1712
goodly and gracious1713
my word1722
my stars and garters!1758
lawka1774
losha1779
Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784
great guns!1795
mein Gott1795
Dear me!1805
fancy1813
well, I'm sure!1815
massy1817
Dear, dear!1818
to get off1818
laws1824
Mamma mia1824
by crikey1826
wisha1826
alleleu1829
crackey1830
Madonna mia1830
indeed1834
to go on1835
snakes1839
Jerusalem1840
sapristi1840
oh my days1841
tear and ages1841
what (why, etc.) in time?1844
sakes alive!1846
gee willikers1847
to get away1847
well, to be sure!1847
gee1851
Great Scott1852
holy mackerel!1855
doggone1857
lawsy1868
my wig(s)!1871
gee whiz1872
crimes1874
yoicks1881
Christmas1882
hully gee1895
'ullo1895
my hat!1899
good (also great) grief!1900
strike me pink!1902
oo-er1909
what do you know?1909
cripes1910
coo1911
zowiec1913
can you tie that?1918
hot diggety1924
yeow1924
ziggety1924
stone (or stiffen) the crows1930
hullo1931
tiens1932
whammo1932
po po po1936
how about that?1939
hallo1942
brother1945
tie that!1948
surprise1953
wowee1963
yikes1971
never1974
to sod off1976
whee1978
mercy1986
yipes1989
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 81 O Lord blesse me, I pray God, for I am neuer able to deale with my maister.
1698 Fatal Discov. iii. 17 Lord bless me; it would be very hard indeed if the Husband did not know all.
1778 C. Reeve Old Eng. Baron 78 Lord bless you, what a fine youth you be grown!
1784 H. Walpole Let. 8 June (1858) VIII. 480 Mr. Conway wonders why I do not talk of Voltaire's ‘Memoirs’. Lord bless me! I saw it two months ago.
1832 F. A. Butler Jrnl. 31 Aug. (1835) I. 41 Lord bless us! what foul nonsense people do talk.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood ix. 62 ‘Lord bless me!’ cried Mr. Grewgious. ‘Thank you, my dear!’
1941 Rotarian Feb. 3/1 ‘Lord, bless us,’ they said; ‘we look so old and wrinkled!’
2009 Decatur (Alabama) Daily (Nexis) 10 Aug. ‘The first day of school, Lord bless me,’ she said. ‘I'm excited, but very nervous.’
d. by the Lord (God): expressing surprise, affirmation, etc. Now archaic. [Compare earlier by God at god n. and int. Phrases 3a.]
ΚΠ
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 6 By the Lord this Loue is as madd as Aiax, it kills Sheepe. View more context for this quotation
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ffffffff3v By the Lord, sweet Lord, and By my soul..nothing could stave him off.
1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding iii. ii. 34 I will phlebotomize ye all with my rapier, by the Lord, if you offer to draw a lancet on him.
1825 ‘E. Hardcastle’ 29th May II. vi. 82 ‘This I suppose is the last act of the final scene of annus mirabilis—the glorious sixteen hundred and sixty.’ ‘By the Lord,..it looks like it.’
1978 J. B. Keane Lett. of Irish Minister of State in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 364 You were right to go independent. You may not get in but by the Lord God we'll go down fighting.
e. (the) Lord knows.Cf. God knows at god n. and int. Phrases 1d(b).
(a) Used with an indirect question to imply that something is unknown to the speaker, and probably to any other human being. Also with dependent clause implied. In quot. 1846 with allusion to people of undistinguished social status.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [phrase] > expressing lack of knowledge
God wotOE
God or Crist witec1175
Lord knows1614
Heaven knowsa1628
the stars know what (also how, etc.)1760
1614 T. Freeman Rubbe & Great Cast i. lviii. sig. D2 You must come home, and liue the Lord knowes how.
1648 Parliament-kite No. 8 45 Another great Victory at Saint Edes between some body, but the Lord knows who; it seems they were Loyallists, and Round-heads.
1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 36 She was at Lord knows what Expence, To form a Nymph of Wit and Sense.
1727 J. Swift Stella's Birth-day: 1722 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. iii. 155 It cost me Lord knows how much Time To shape it into Sense and Rhyme.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxiii. 254 What became of him afterwards, Lord in heaven knows.
1830 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Apr. 421 Meetings to be called by the Lord Lieutenant,..and the Lord knows who.
1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. I. 74 People comprised under the comprehensive designation of ‘the Lord knows who’.
1905 McClure's Mag. Jan. 281/1 She's been doctorin' Lord knows how long fer that itchin' exzema.
1952 K. Vonnegut Any Reasonable Offer in Collier's 19 Jan. 46/4 ‘When the hell,’ he said, ‘are those Peckham people going to come to a boil?’ ‘Lord knows,’ I said. ‘There's no way I can get in touch with them.’
1979 Amer. Motorcyclist Feb. 14/2 Lord knows who will win the European Mountain Championship.
2012 Guardian 22 Feb. (G2 section) 22/2 Contemporary dredgers must run the gamut of pollution and lord knows what else.
(b) Used to emphasize the truth of a statement.
ΚΠ
1856 S. F. Bateman Self i. iii. 17 Lord knows, honey child, I don't blame you to want to git shut of dis hea home, for dey done plague you to deff!
1896 J. C. Harris Sister Jane 169 Lord knows my heart jest natchully yearns arter that gal.
1934 C. P. Snow Search iv. iii. 392 I've thought about lots of other jobs... But I've never changed. And, Lord knows, I'm not an over steady man.
1944 G. Heyer Friday's Child i. 7 Fact of the matter is, Bella, I've never been able to bring myself up to scratch before, though the lord knows I've tried!
1992 M. Warner in M. Bradbury & J. Cooke New Writing 66 I don't want to waste time wittering, though the Lord knows I still have to do a heck of a lot of it.
f. In appeals or exhortations expressing impatience, annoyance, urgency, desperation, etc., as for (the) Lord's sake(s), in (the) Lord's name, etc. Cf. for God's sake and in God's name at god n. and int. Phrases 1b.
ΚΠ
1645 E. Reynolds Self-deniall 43 For the Lords sake let us lay it to heart.
1692 ‘J. Curate’ Sc. Presbyterian Eloquence ii. 90 In the Lord's Name I give them a doom of black and unmixed pure Wrath.
1735 tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas IV. 116 Help, Help, for the Lord's sake!
1763 G. A. Stevens Dramatic Hist. Master Edward 143 Go to him, in the Lord's name; but never let me hear any more.
1870 C. Larsen tr. B. Björnson Railroad & Churchyard in tr. M. Goldschmidt Flying Mail 97 But Lars! Lars! What in the Lord's name ails you?
1886 Cheshire Observer 6 Feb. 3/8 Hearing Mrs McGill screaming for some time and crying out ‘Murder; for the Lord God's sake don't kill me.’
1895 I. Maclaren Beside Bonnie Brier Bush iv. iii. 149 Lord's sake, it's maist provokin' that if a body hes a bit whup o'illness in Drumtochty, their freends tak tae propheseein' deith.
1919 S. W. McClave Fred Winsted 267 For the Lord's sakes hurry up, we'd could a been a mile on our way by this time.
1977 H. Steinhauer tr. H. von Kleist in Twelve Germ. Novellas 74 The chamberlain did not know what in the Lord's name he was to do with horses that the swineherd of Hainichen had sold to the knacker.
1984 L. L. Miller Willow 136 For Lord's sake, did he think she had a lover lurking on the property.
2011 Times (Nexis) 12 Nov. (Mag.) 71 For the Lord's sake, Coren, do something with your life!
g. Lord lumme: expressing surprise, reproach, etc. (cf. Lord love you at love v.1 Phrases 4a); now somewhat archaic. [Representing a colloquial pronunciation of Lord love me.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > miscellaneous
depardieuc1290
by God's namec1330
by God's roodc1330
by God's eyes1340
God's soul1345
for God's sakec1386
cock's soulc1405
God's armsc1405
by God's dooma1425
(by) (God's) nailsa1500
by God's fast?1515
God's lord?1520
God's sacramenta1529
God's dominusc1530
by God's crown1535
God's bread1535
God's gown1535
God's guts1543
of God's word?1550
God's hat1569
Gods me1570
marry (a) Godc1574
God's malt1575
God's ludd?1577
God's sacring?1577
God's sokinges?1577
trunnion?1577
(by) God's will1579
God's teeth1580
'Shearta1596
God's light1598
by God's me1599
'Snails1599
'Slight1600
God's diggers1602
'Swill1602
od's mea1616
od's my lifea1616
'Sprecious1631
'Sbores1640
odso1660
for sake('s) sake1665
Gad's precious1677
heartlikins1677
od1681
'Sdiggers1687
(Lord) love you (also your heart)1707
God's fury1748
heartikins1751
S'fire1791
nom de Dieu1848
'strewth1892
Lord lumme1895
lumme1898
1895 ‘G. Mortimer’ Like Stars that Fall xii. 159 Lord lumme, I could place that 'oss if I was in the old country, where I was reared.
1903 J. London People of Abyss i. 8 Lord lumme, but it'll be the last I see af you if yer don't py me.
1932 H. A. Manhood Apples by Night 192 Lord lumme, ain't you enthusiastic.
1997 D. Stone Ship of Fools 57 Lord lumme, guvnor, all this high talk of metatemporal engineering..right goes over my head.
P3. Phrases relating to the lifestyle of a nobleman.
a. to swear like a lord: to swear or curse violently, frequently, or without restraint. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)] > swear or use profanity
curse?c1225
oathc1450
swearc1450
to swear like a lord1531
profanea1643
sink1663
rip1772
cuss1838
to let out1840
explete1902
eff1943
foul-mouth1960
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxvi. sig. Mvi For they wyll say he that swereth depe, swereth like a lorde.
1615 Merry Progresse to London (single sheet) My Siluer-hatched Sword, Made me sweare like a Lord.
1742 Scots Mag. Oct. 475/2 Grant then that I do swear like a Lord, and that I outswear a Lord.
1785 J. O'Keeffe Fontainbleau iii. 44 You strut about like a lord,..and drink like a lord, and swear like a lord, ay and—here's your bill.
1846 Ainsworth's Mag. 11 94 He drinks all night, sleeps all day, and swears like a lord.
1863 Willenhall Mag. 1 133 Gentleman Briggs forgot his manners, and swore like a lord.
1918 G. V. McFadden His Grace of Grub St. xxvii. 273 He certainly was in a rage that day, and went off swearing like a lord.
1932 Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald 26 Nov. 4/4 I've seen him ride his pony half into Mr. Hubbard's shop and swear like a lord at the old gentleman.
b. to live like a lord: to live in a grand, luxurious, or lavish manner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > luxury or luxurious living > luxuriate [verb (intransitive)] > live luxuriously
to live wella1375
to live like a lord1532
epicurize1600
to live (or be) in clover1710
to live like fighting cocks1795
1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. House Holde f. 10 The whiche..haue made them selfes ryche men, and haue gotten so great substance, that they liue lyke lordes?
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Eiiiv To lyue lyke a Lorde and make iolye chere.
1606 T. Whetenhall Disc. Abuses 41 Augustine..condemneth the Lordship of Bishops, yet he himselfe lived like a Lord.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors iii. 130 He might have lived like a Lord all the rest of his dayes.
1757 Hist. Two Mod. Adventurers ix. 121 What should you think, Nanny, said I, of seeing me live like a Lord in the World?
1780 ‘N. Ward Jr.’ Comforts Matrimony 76 As if my income could afford Th'expence of living like a Lord.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Oct. 5/1 If hops are pretty good..an average hopper can live like a lord.
1892 W. Harcourt Speech in Times 21 Apr. 10/3 The Chancellor of the Exchequer ‘lives like a lord’, which I understand to mean spending a great deal more than he possesses.
1958 A. Sillitoe Loneliness Long Distance Runner 35 Living like lords in a boarding house.
2013 Sun (Nexis) 16 June 44 Rental properties where you can live like a Lord for the weekend.
c. to drink like a lord: to drink alcohol extravagantly or excessively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink deeply or copiously
quaught1530
swinka1563
to drink like a lorda1627
swig1650
slug1856
to knock back1931
a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) iv. sig. F4 Flowre bancks or Mosse to be thy bourd, Water thy Wine. San. And drinke like a Lord.
1785 J. O'Keeffe Fontainbleau iii. 44 You strut about like a lord,..and drink like a lord, and swear like a lord, ay and—here's your bill.
1880 H. A. Duff Honor Carmichael I. ii. 35 He himself was the scamp still, spending his money like a prince, drinking like a lord.
1918 A. Safroni-Middleton Wine-dark Seas xi. 106 The midshipman..drank like a lord and sang The Song of the Thrush.
2014 D. Martinez My Heart is Drunken Compass xviii. 134 I drank like a working man, five days a week... I drank like a lord.
d. drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord: extremely drunk; intoxicated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > completely or very drunk
drunk as a (drowned) mousea1350
to-drunka1382
as drunk as the devilc1400
sow-drunk1509
fish-drunk1591
swine-drunk1592
gone1603
far gone1616
reeling drunk1620
soda1625
souseda1625
blind1630
full1631
drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord1652
as full (or tight) as a tick1678
clear1688
drunk (dull, mute) as a fish1700
as drunk as David's sow or as a sow1727
as drunk as a piper1728
blind-drunkc1775
bitch foua1796
blootered1820
whole-seas over1820
three sheets in the wind1821
as drunk as a loon1830
shellaced1881
as drunk as a boiled owl1886
stinking1887
steaming drunk1892
steaming with drink1897
footless1901
legless1903
plastered1912
legless drunk1926
stinko1927
drunk as a pissant1930
kaylied1937
langers1949
stoned1952
smashed1962
shit-faced1963
out of (also off) one's bird1966
trashed1966
faced1968
stoned1968
steaming1973
langered1979
annihilated1980
obliterated1984
wankered1992
muntered1998
1652 Mercurius Britannicus No. 21. 287 The Hollander were as merry as Lords.
1659 J. Evelyn Char. Eng. 53 The Gentlemen are most of them very intemperate, yet the Proverb goes, As drunk as a Lord.
1681 Heraclitus Ridens 8 Mar. 2/2 They were as drunk as Lords with bottle Air.
1770 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 560 As drunk as a Lord.
1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon ii. ii, in Fraser's Mag Nov. 591/2 She ran screaming through the galleries, and I, as tipsy as a lord, came staggering after.
1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 304 He was quite generally known to be very far gone, drunk as a lord and not caring who knew it.
2012 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 21 Mar. 22 The other night, I rolled home, drunk as a lord.
e. to treat (a person) like a lord: to treat (a person) luxuriously, lavishly, or with great deference.
ΚΠ
1691 R. Ames Lawyerus Bootatus & Spurratus 6 They are Treated all like Lords, With choicest Foods the Shire affords.
1794 Morning Post 27 Feb. Governments treat their Creditors like a Lord, whilst free States are obliged to observe the exactitude of a Tradesman.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 248 The landlord..said..; we will treat you like a lord.
1871 ‘O. Optic’ Lightning Express xiv. 169 I believe you have a soft place in your head, Wolf. Joe Poole says you treated him like a lord.
1910 Standard (London) 15 Sept. 8/5 They treated us like lords, and we shall never forget the kindness shown to us.
1987 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Feb. The movie business..treats you like a lord.
P4. In the names of various office holders. See also Compounds 2.
a.
Lord of Ireland n. now historical (a title of) the King of England, as ruler of Ireland.The title was created by Henry II for his son John in 1177, and was held by subsequent kings until Henry VIII was proclaimed King of Ireland in 1541.In early use also Lord on Ireland. [Compare post-classical Latin Dominus Hiberniae (from 1192 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignur d'Irlande (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1258 Proclam. Henry III in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1868–9) 19 Henr' þurȝ godes fultume king on Engleneloande, Lhoauerd on Yrloand', [etc.].
1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 298 (MED) Henry, by þe grace of god, kyng of England, heire and Regent of þe Rewme of France and lorde of Irlande.
1496 Oath of Allegiance in A. Conway Henry VII's Relations Scotl. & Irel. (1932) 224 My soverainge lord henri the VIIth by the grace of god kinge of England & of ffraunce and lord of Irland.
1562 All Statutes Stannary (new ed.) sig. Av Edward [III] by the grace of god kynge of Englande lord of Irland and Duke of Aquitaine.
a1600 ( Rec. Bluemantle Pursuivant (Julius) in C. L. Kingsford Eng. Hist. Lit. 15th Cent. (1913) 384 (MED) Charles..sent..the lord Gruthuse to..the King, Edward the iiijte by ye grace of God of Englond & of Fraunce & lorde of Ireland.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 100 King John..The first..that enlarged the Royall stile with Lord of Ireland.
1669 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia 66 Henry the eighth..being..as absolute a Monarch over it when he was but Lord of Ireland, as when he was styled King.
1727 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IV. 452 It was decreed, that Henry of Lancaster, should be proclaimed King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland.
1780 W. Barron Hist. Polit. Connection Eng. & Ireland i. 16 The King..assumed..from the general submission of the people, the title of Lord of Ireland.
1830 H. Walter Hist. Eng. II. iv. 199 It was the duty of king Edward, as the acknowledged lord of Ireland, to have employed his talent for business..in reducing that distracted country to order.
1879 R. H. Warner Hist. Thorney Abbey ix. 186 The unhappy monarch is made to describe himself as..Lord of Ireland.
1959 J. T. Appleby John, King of Eng. xii. 238 As..Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, and the rest, John felt it his duty to hold on to those lands.
2012 C. Maginn W. Cecil 1 In the year of Cecil's birth the Tudor kings of England were..lords of Ireland.
b.
Lord of Parliament n. (a) Scottish (the title of) any of the major barons entitled to attend the pre-Union Scottish parliament and from the mid 14th cent. forming the lowest rank of the peerage (now chiefly historical) (b) British a member of the House of Lords (see note at sense A. 11a).
ΚΠ
1428 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1428/3/3 All bischoppis, abbotis, prioris, dukis, erlis, lordis of parliament and banrentis, the quhilkis the king wil be reservit and summonde to consaillis and to parliamentis be his special precep.
1500 Traduction & Mariage Princesse (Pynson) sig. aivv The bisshoppis of his prouynce and greate abbottis lordes of the parlyament shulde..gyue their attendaunce upon hym.
1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 5 §13 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 424 Any person or persons being of the Degree of a Lorde of Parleament.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. ii. x. f. 109 Parliament is the highest and most honourable and absolute Court of Justice of England consisting of the King, the Lords of Parliament, and the Commons.
1710 J. Spotiswood Law conc. Election Members for Scotl. i. 3 Every Lord of Parliament, either Spiritual, as Arch Bishops and Bishops, or Temporal, as Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts and Barons.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ii. 168 Every peer..may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to vote for him in his absence.
1831 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. IV. ii. 306 Raising the Barons of Drummond, Crichton of Sanquhar, Hay, and Ruthven, to the dignity and privileges of lords of parliament.
1882 Jrnl. Jurispr. 26 4 There is no reason for supposing that a Lord of Parliament was ever made in Scotland without a charter, or, after the union of the crowns, a patent.
1983 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 6 Oct. No lord of Parliament may be imprisoned or restrained, except on a criminal charge, while Parliament is sitting.
2013 Herald (Glasgow) 20 May 20 Lord Reay was also one of only two Lords of Parliament..to sit in the House of Lords this century.
c.
Lords of the Articles n. Scottish (now historical) the members of a standing committee of the pre-Union Scottish parliament established to prepare business and draft legislation.The committee was formed in the mid 15th cent. and abolished in 1690 after the Glorious Revolution.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > committee > committees of Scottish parliament
Lords of the Articles1485
1485 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1485/5/7 It is avisit and thocht spedefull be the lordis of the articulis that the fredom of halikirk be observit and kepit in tyme tocum.
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. f. 267 Master Aloisio being here vppon demaunded of the Lords of the articles.
1638 D. Calderwood Answere M. I. Forbes sig. B2v It was presented and read, first before the Lords of the Articles, and after, before the whole Estates.
a1650 Index Buchanan's Hist. MS (Edinb. Univ.) Apolecti, the lords of the articles, being 8 chosen out of each estate in Parliament, to prepare all purposes for voteing.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 364 These [complaints] ought to be made first to the Lords of the Articles.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xvii. 660 From the reign of James IV. the lords of articles are regularly named in the records of every parliament.
a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. ii. 71 The Lords of the Articles whose business it was to digest the measures to be brought before Parliament.
1962 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 1 41 Court control was insured by the revival of the Lords of the Articles to consider all acts or laws they might judge necessary to be passed.
1996 J. H. Burns True Law of Kingship viii. 290 Bills are considered first by selecti ex omnibus ordinibus—by the Lords of the Articles.
d.
Lord of Erection n. Scottish (now historical) (the title of) a man possessing a temporal lordship erected or derived from a spiritual benefice after the Reformation; (in earliest use) spec. a man possessing a temporal lordship of parliament of this kind (cf. Lord of Parliament n. at Phrases 4b).
ΚΠ
1617 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1617/3/2 Ony vassaill, subvassaill, fewair, takisman of teyndis..justlie bundin to mak releiff to the prelate, lord of erectioun, patroun or other beneficeit man.
1699 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1761) II. 42 That the lords of erection..are no more superiors of the kirk-lands.
1735 J. Ogilvie tr. R. Menteith Hist. Troubles Great Brit. i. 6 Settling the yearly Allowance of the Ministers..which he obtained of the Lords of Erection with great Difficulty.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. at Teinds At the Reformation, the King..created the monasteries and priories into temporal lordships, the grantees to which were styled Lords of Erection, or Titulars of the Tithes.
1932 Scotsman 28 May 18/2 The erection of temporal Lordships in which lay Lords of Erection were invested in certain churchlands.
1989 Sc. Hist. Rev. 68 76 His son..became a lord of erection and, eventually, earl of Lothian.
e.
Lord of Appeal n. †(a) (in full Lord Commissioner of Appeal in Prize Causes) (the title of) a member of the Privy Council or other Westminster courts responsible for hearing appeals on cases involving ships or cargoes taken as prizes (obsolete); (b) (in full Lord of Appeal in Ordinary) (the title of) a member of the House of Lords qualified to take part in its judicial business; cf. law-lord n. at law n.1 Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1698 Flying Post 5 Apr. Yesterday the Lords of Appeal sat again at the Cock-Pit, upon the Swedish ships that were taken as Prize.
1760 G. G. Beekman Let. 22 Sept. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 366 The Lords of Appeal in Prize causes, have been Pleased to Affirm the Sentence of Our Judge.
1876 Act Appellate Jurisdiction House of Lords in Public Gen. Statutes 11 lix. 381 For the purpose of aiding the House of Lords in the hearing Appointment and determination of appeals, Her Majesty may, at any time after the passing of this Act, by letters patent appoint two qualified persons to be Lords of Appeal in Ordinary.
1920 Irish Times 20 Dec. 4/6 He is more likely to close his career as a Lord of Appeal in this country.
1980 Oxf. Compan. Law 904/2 In the House of Lords, the judgments of the Lords of Appeal are called opinions or speeches.
2004 Church Times 25 June 3/1 At present, appeal in such cases would be to a Commission of Review consisting of three Lords of Appeal..and two Lords Spiritual.
f.
lord of the bedchamber n. [compare earlier lady of the bedchamber n. at lady n. Phrases 1b(c)] (the title of) a nobleman appointed to provide companionship and personal assistance to the monarch or Prince of Wales.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > lord-in-waiting
gentlemanc1400
gentleman of the privy chamber1549
privy chamberer1640
Gentleman of the Privy Chamber1681
lord of the bedchamber1717
lord in waiting1719
1717 H. Pelham Let. 3 Nov. in Lett. Countess of Suffolk (1824) I. 18 The King forbad the lord of the bedchamber inviting Lord Townshend and Walpole to dine with him.
1755 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 184/2 His majesty went to the house of peers, attended by..the ld of the bedchamber in waiting.
1821 Q. Rev. July 392 His eldest son.., notwithstanding his jacobite connexions, was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber by the personal favour of George II.
1919 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 17 Mar. 6/6 Lord Jersey's appointment as Lord of the Bedchamber to the king.
2011 M. Peacock Paper Garden viii. 183 Frederick named him a Lord of the Bedchamber, and in 1749 Bute advised the Prince on his horticultural enterprise at Kew.
g.
lord in waiting n. [compare earlier lady-in-waiting n.] (a) (the title of) a nobleman appointed to provide companionship and personal assistance to the monarch or Prince of Wales; (b) (in later use) a junior government minister in the House of Lords appointed to perform certain ceremonial duties on behalf of the monarch (the female counterpart of whom is called a baroness in waiting).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > lord-in-waiting
gentlemanc1400
gentleman of the privy chamber1549
privy chamberer1640
Gentleman of the Privy Chamber1681
lord of the bedchamber1717
lord in waiting1719
1719 Weekly-Jrnl. 28 Nov. 1455/1 His Majesty being told of it, by some of the Lords in waiting.
1860 W. G. Clark Let. 18 Sept. in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. (1861) 45 Carts loaded with furniture passed out from time to time, the property, I suppose, of Goldsticks, and Chamberlains, and Lords-in-waiting.
1892 Sat. Rev. 3 Dec. 644 What the functions of Lords-in-Waiting are is one of those mysteries of the Household.
1927 H. W. Root Unknown Barnum viii. 106 Barnum and the General were taken in hand by a lord in waiting and carefully informed as to the proper behaviour in the presence of royalty.
1971 New Scientist 4 Mar. 502/2 I never knew that Parliamentary Questions could be answered by a Lord-in-Waiting, who must be the most minor figure in the governmental firmament.
2011 Daily Tel. 11 July 29/3 Nicky's father was Lord in Waiting to both George V and George VI.
h.
Lord of Police n. Scottish (now historical) (the title of) a member of a commission established to supervise the maintenance of law and order, provision of public amenities, etc., in Scotland. Also in First Lord of Police: the head of this commission.The commission was established in 1714 and abolished in 1782.
ΚΠ
1728 J. Mitchell Ratho Ded. p. v To the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Lawderdale, Lord Lieutenant and High-Sheriff of Edinburghshire;..one of the Lords of Police.
1761 Brit. Mag. 2 556 The right hon. lord Napier is appointed one of the lords of police in Scotland.
1832 Georgian Era I. 529 He became high sheriff of Berkshire [read Berwickshire], and a lord of police.
1882 J. Grant Cassell's Old & New Edinb. II. xxxii. 257/1 This residence was built by Alexander, sixth Earl of Galloway, one of the Lords of Police.
1903 Eng. Rep. 31 840 In 1744 being appointed a Lord of Police in Scotland, he went to reside there.
1980 A. Murdoch ‘People Above’ v. 113 Garlies, however, soon had another grievance, claiming the office of First Lord of Police for his father.
P5. Lord of the Flies.
a. Also Lord of Flies. Beelzebub; the devil. [After Hebrew ba'al-zĕḇūḇ, usually interpreted to mean ‘fly-lord’ (see Beelzebub n.); compare (after Hebrew) post-classical Latin princeps muscarum Beelzebub, lit. ‘ruler of the flies’ (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun]
devileOE
Beelzebubc950
the foul ghosteOE
SatanOE
warlockOE
SatanasOE
worsea1200
unwinea1225
wondc1250
quedea1275
pucka1300
serpenta1300
dragon1340
shrew1362
Apollyon1382
the god of this worldc1384
Mahoundc1400
leviathan1412
worsta1425
old enemyc1449
Ruffin1567
dismal1570
Plotcocka1578
the Wicked One1582
goodman1603
Mahu1603
foul thief1609
somebody1609
legiona1616
Lord of Flies1622
walliman1629
shaitan1638
Old Nicka1643
Nick1647
unsel?1675
old gentleman1681
old boy1692
the gentleman in black1693
deuce1694
Black Spy1699
the vicious one1713
worricow1719
Old Roger1725
Lord of the Flies1727
Simmie1728
Old Scratch1734
Old Harry1777
Old Poker1784
Auld Hornie1786
old (auld), ill thief1789
old one1790
little-good1821
Tom Walker1833
bogy1840
diabolarch1845
Old Ned1859
iniquity1899
1622 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VI. N.T. iii. 343 The Iewes well knew that the Gods of the heathen were no other then Deuils; Amongst whom..the Lord of Flies..was held the chiefe.
1671 M. D'Assigny in tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. i. xv. 102 Baalzebub, the Lord of Flies, was the God of Ekron, a City of the Philistines.
1727 G. De Gols Theologico-philos. Diss. concerning Worms i. i. 19 He is call'd Lord of the Flies..because whenever they sacrific'd to him, the Swarms of Flies, which at that time molested the country, died.
1856 J. M. Daniell Spiritual Anat. 110 We are far too near the buzzings of Beelzebub, the lord of the flies!
1894 A. Reid New Party (1895) 284 I should be ready to make an alliance with ‘the lord of the flies’—Beelzebub himself.
1948 A. Huxley Ape & Essence (1949) 90 The Lord of Flies, who is also the Blowfly in every individual heart.
2002 G. Duncan I, Lucifer (2003) 1 I, Lucifer, Fallen Angel, Prince of Darkness, Bringer of Light, Ruler of Hell, Lord of the Flies..have decided—oo-la-la!—to tell all.
b. allusive. Used adjectivally: reminiscent or characteristic of the novel of this title; having the tendency or potential to revert to a state of savagery.The novel was written by William Golding and published in 1954. It depicts a group of schoolboys marooned on an uninhabited island who revert to a state of savagery. [The novel was so named in allusion to the biblical Beelzebub (see Phrases 5a).]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [adjective] > specific novel
Lord of the Flies1969
1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games 13 Such accounts..have..influenced educational practice..leading us to believe that a Lord of the Flies mentality is inherent in the young.
1992 Esquire July 63/1 His aspect is pure Lord of the Flies, although you get the sneaking suspicion he might not've survived the island.
2007 Wired Jan. 46/1 Should things ever get too Lord of the Flies, the Mali tribe..could just vote the whole project off the island.

Compounds

C1. Objective, instrumental, and appositive.
† lord-hating adj. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 384/1 The rancorous dislike of high-birth, that is the glory and the shame of the lord-hating gang to which he yet appertains.
lord lover n. rare
ΚΠ
1681 J. Waite 2nd Dialogue Decalogue in Parents Primer 158 They that love God love his law:..there is no more Lord-lovers than law-lovers.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxi. v, in Maud & Other Poems 69 O young lord-lover, what sighs are those, For one that will never be thine?
1904 Outing Apr. 58/1 Spring was still the young lord lover of the earth.
1997 D. Boyarin Unheroic Conduct 96 Several slaves honoured a deceased fellow slave by saying he was a real lord-lover (philokyrios).
lord-loving adj.
ΚΠ
1790 World 26 Feb. Lord-loving Edmund, and mob-stirring Dick, Of each other's politics grew mighty sick.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 144 The conservative, money-loving, lord-loving English are yet liberty-loving.
1991 J. A. Phelp in L. Murray New Oxf. Bk. Austral. Verse (rev. ed.) 63 And a lord-loving cableman sent out a line To announce to Australia its visitor fine.
lord-ridden adj.
ΚΠ
1709 M. Astell Bart'lemy Fair 166 One who is a free Thinker, and neither Priest-ridden nor Lord-ridden.
1849 R. Cobden Let. 4 Nov. in J. Morley Life R. Cobden (1881) II. ii. 54 We are a servile, aristocracy-loving, lord-ridden people.
1973 B. Murphy Hist. Brit. Econ. ii. 19 The lord-ridden countryside of contemporary England.
† lord-suitor n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. II. iv. 21 He likes to have lord-suitors lounge.
C2. In the names of various officers and related senses. See also Phrases 4, Lord Justice n., Lord Chief Justice n., Lord Lieutenant n., and Lord Mayor n.
Lord Admiral n. now historical = Lord High Admiral n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > flag officer > admiral-in-chief
admiral1440
Lord Admiral1489
admiral general1553
Lord High Admiral?1574
admiral-in-chief1614
admiralissimo1723
1489 T. Grigges in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 458 The lawe cyuyll seyth thus: ‘If any fyssh ryall be founde on the se..that my lord Admyrall shall haue the haluendele.’
1703 J. Drake Historia Anglo-Scotica 368 The Lord Admiral..having Landed his Men.., joined them to the Land Service, and they altogether marched towards Leith.
1883 G. T. Clark Some Acct. Sir R. Mansel 43 Complaint was made of the piracies on the western coast, the blame of which was laid on Buckingham, then Lord Admiral.
2014 G. Wills Making Make-believe Real 263 John Dudley..became lord admiral in 1543.
Lord Auditor n. now historical (a) (more fully Lord Auditor of (causes and) complaints (in Parliament)) (in Scotland) a member of a judicial committee for the hearing of miscellaneous civil complaints, suits, etc.; (b) (more fully Lord Auditor of (the) Exchequer (also †chequer)) a member of the former Court of Exchequer, which dealt with questions of customs duties and other revenues of the Scottish Crown (merged into the Court of Session in 1856).
ΚΠ
1466 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 5/1 The quhilk Robert..in presens of the lordis auditouris of complaintis deponit and made faith that [etc.].
1488 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1488/10/91 It sall be lefull to the lordis auditouris of causis and complantis, now chosin to sitt and decide all actiouns [etc.].
1535 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1535/44 To be sene and considerit be the lordis auditouris gif the samin be spendit for the commoune wele of the burgh.
1561 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 449 Lordis auditouris of chikker we greitt yow weill.
1697 G. Dallas Syst. Stiles 133 Whose Receipt for the same..shall be..to the Lords Auditors for allowing the same in their Accounts, a sufficient Warrand.
1759 T. Miller Memorial for Earl of Galloway 23 It was admitted by the Parties, and confirmed by the Lords Auditors of Exchequer.
1888 Sc. Law Rev. Nov. 241 In 1456..Malcolm of Moncreiff was a Lord Auditor.
1892 G. Barnett-Smith Hist. Eng. Parl. II. x. 125 There was also a committee called the Lords Auditors of Complaints, which gave remedy of law to those who might apply for it.
1973 A. F. Kinney Titled Elizabethans 51 Lord Robert Stuart, fourth earl of Orkney and third lord Elphinstone..; lord auditor of the exchequer January 1581.
2000 J. W. Cairns in K. Reid & R. Zimmermann Hist. Private Law Scotl. I. ii. 58 In 1458..a wider jurisdiction was granted, seemingly an authority to try all civil actions that did not concern fee and heritage (with which the Lords Auditors of Causes and Complaints in Parliament also could not deal).
Lord Chamberlain n. (more fully Lord Chamberlain of the Household) (the title of) the senior officer of the British royal household.The office dates from the late 14th cent. and was typically held by a peer. From 1737 the Lord Chamberlain had the power to veto any new play, or modification to an existing play, and theatre owners could be prosecuted for staging plays that had not received his approval. These powers were restricted in 1843, and finally abolished by the Theatres Act of 1968.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > chief > in royal household
steward?a955
(Lord) Steward of the King's Household1428
Lord Chamberlain1464
Great Master1531
grand master1537
1464 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 379 (MED) Item, for ij galons of reede wyne giffen to the said Lorde Chaumberleyn on Missomer Evyn.
1685 London Gaz. No. 2056/4 His Majesty has been pleased to constitute the Right Honorable the Earl of Aylesbury Lord Chamberlain of his Houshold.
1791 E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. II. 34 Having remained nearly twenty years on the borders, he..succeeded the Earl of Lincoln as Lord Chamberlain of the Household.
1864 J. Doran Their Majesties Servants I. v. 121 The angry Lord Chamberlain..clapped the unoffending Thespian, for a couple of days, in the Gate House.
2000 Times 16 Aug. The Queen yesterday appointed a commoner for the first time to the post of Lord Chamberlain.
Lord Chancellor n. see Lord Chancellor n. and Lord High Chancellor n..
Lord Clerk Register n. (also Lord Clerk of Register) Scottish (the title of) an officer of state responsible for the national records or registers; cf. Clerk of the Register n. at clerk n. Compounds 2.In 1879 the rights and duties of the Lord Clerk Register were transferred to the Deputy Clerk Register (now Keeper of the Records of Scotland) and the role became titular.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > compiler or keeper of written records > [noun] > official in charge of records > of registers > Lord or Deputy Clerk Register
Clerk of the Register1457
Lord Clerk Register1555
clerk of the scrow1596
Clerk-Registera1630
Lord Register1644
1555 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1898) XVIII. 378 My lord clerk of register. Pleis rasaif this rentaile subscrivit be my lord comptrollar, and caus the samyn be registratt.
1794 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) App. ii. 358 And there was produced to the Commissioners, by the Lord Clerk Register's Deputies for keeping the records, a public and solemn instrument.
1878 in Jrnl. Jurisprudence 22 319 The Lord Clerk-Register shall continue to be one of the officers of state of Scotland..but, save as herein provided, no rights, authorities, privileges, or duties, shall be attached to the office.
2002 D. Wilkinson in E. Cruickshanks et al. House of Commons 1690–1715 III. 827/1 He was variously tipped as Scottish secretary of state, lord clerk register, lord chief baron of the exchequer, and..as lord advocate.
Lord Deputy n. [compare post-classical Latin dominus deputatus (from mid 16th cent. in British sources); compare earlier deputy lieutenant..of Ireland (see quot. c1490 at deputy n. 2a)] now historical (the title of) the chief governor of Ireland, appointed by the English Crown. From the late 17th cent. the role of chief governor was performed by a Lord Lieutenant (cf. Lord Lieutenant n. 1d).
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1538 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 39 The saide Lorde Deputie refused to accepte the same, whiche afterwarde, of his awne swynge..he receyved.
1749 in Jrnl. Cork Hist. & Archaeol. Soc. (1903) 9 51 A proclamation, declaring certain money coined in Ireland, was sent down by the Lord Deputy and Council to be passable.
1902 W. M. Dixon Trinity Coll., Dublin i. 4 By 1550..the more enlightened of the Lord Deputies had already given serious consideration to University projects.
2006 Ireland's Own Feb. 3/3 When the great Earl of Kildare was Lord Deputy he made the cross of St. Patrick..the flag of Ireland.
Lord General n. now historical (more fully Lord High General) (the title of) a commander-in-chief.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > commander-in-chief
captain of the warc1450
captain-general1514
general of the army1548
Lord General1577
generalissimo1621
generalissimus1637
Commander-in-chief1655
war-lord1856
officer commanding-in-chief1859
C. in C.1889
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1473/2 The Lord generall aduertized that the soldiours began to gather in companyes.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 116 [The Colonel] ought to know how to performe the parts and office of a Lord high Generall.
1705 J. Michelborne Ireland Preserv'd ii. Epil. 189 Lord General of all Their Majesty's Forces.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. x. 146 The parliament having given him a commission as lord general of all the forces in the three kingdoms.
2003 Times (Nexis) 2 May (Features section) 25 Thomas, Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Lord General of the Parliament Army.
Lord Great Chamberlain n. (the title of) an officer of state whose duties include dressing and attending the monarch at coronation, looking after the Palace of Westminster, and overseeing the opening of Parliament.Formerly the Lord Great Chamberlain was in charge of the royal chamber. The position is hereditary, can be held jointly by two or more co-heirs, and dates from the 12th cent.
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1549 Proclam. Priuey Counsayle conc. Deuisers Trayterous Lett. 10 Oct. (single sheet) The Erle of Warwicke, Lorde Greate Chamberlain.
1651 R. Douglas Form & Order Coronation Charles Second 43 The King aryseth from his Chaire, and is disrobed, by the Lord Great Chambelaine.
1727 Acct. Ceremonies Coronation 8 The Master of the Jewel-Office presents the Great Golden Spurs to the Lord High Constable, who delivers them to the Lord Great Chamberlain.
1934 Listener 28 Nov. 918/1 Through the gorgeous throng moves the Lord Great Chamberlain, Lord Lewisham, in a scarlet cut-away coat heavy with decoration.
2014 Scottish Daily Mail (Nexis) 13 Sept. 24 David Rocksavage, 54, is the Lord Great Chamberlain of England.
Lord High Commissioner n. (the title of) the representative of the British Crown at the annual General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > presbyterian > [noun] > general assembly > representative of crown at
Lord High Commissioner1661
1661 Edinburghs Joy His Majesties Coronation 2 The Lord High Commissioner accompanied with the Officers of State..went from the Palace of Holy rude-house to the Parliament House.
1870 Whitaker's Almanack 144/1 The Established Church of Scotland..is governed by a General Assembly... It is presided over by a Moderator..and the Sovereign is represented by a Lord High Commissioner.
1995 L. Kennedy In Bed with Elephant (1996) xix. 301 The opening session of the Assembly had always been free of controversy. The Lord High Commissioner would make some anodyne remarks.
Lord Lyon n. (also more fully Lord Lyon King of (also †at) arms) the title of the chief herald in Scotland, responsible for state ceremonies and for regulating heraldry; shortened to Lyon (see Lyon n.); see also Lyon herald at herald n. 1e.So named from the heraldic lion of the Kingdom of Scotland worn on the Lord Lyon's robes.
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society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldry > herald > [noun] > King of Arms
King of Arms1427
in arms1466
Windsor herald1473
king heralda1475
garter?1504
King of Heralds1538
King at Arms1548
Lyon Herald1596
Lord Lyonc1600
c1600 in A. M. Findlater Lord Crawford's Armorial (2008) 57 Lord Lyon King of Armes. Sir David Lindesay of the Mount Knicht.
1632 in Dumbarton Burgh Rec. (1860) 37 Ane warrand direct be Sir James Balfour lord Lyoun.
1728 in Trans. Stirling Nat. Hist. & Archaeol. Soc. (1895) 15 The sealls of the royal burrows to be sent in to the lord lyon king att armes.
1773 Weekly Mag. 17 June 382 Arms were painted upon it without the Lord Lyon's authority, to whom the power of regulating armorial bearings Scotland is delegated by the crown.
1867 J. G. Nichols Herald & Genealogist IV. 82 It belongs to the functions of Lord Lyon to take cognizance, both ministerially and judicially, of all questions relating to coat armour in Scotland.
1948 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 20 Oct. The wearers of ermine in Scotland..were the Peers of the Realm, the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Lord Lyon King of Arms [etc].
2015 Daily Record & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 20 Nov. 37 Ayr United have been told they face court action by the Lord Lyon, who is in charge of coats of arms, if they refuse to re-design their badge.
Lord Marcher n. (plural Lords Marchers, Lords Marcher) now historical (chiefly in plural) (the title of) a lord or other nobleman holding land in the Marches (see march n.3 1a) over which he has exclusive jurisdiction; = marcher lord n. at marcher n.1 Compounds 2. [Compare post-classical Latin dominus marchians (1421 in a British source), Anglo-Norman seignur marchier (1282 as seigneur merchor, or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > lord > [noun] > lord of marches
Lord Marcher1449
marcher lord?1800
1449 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1449 §21. m. 6 The lordes marchiers..have the forfaitour therof.
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor ii. iii. 215 He means the ancient Lords Marchers of Wales, in the same place speaking of Welsh irruptions.
1863 Sat. Rev. 21 Mar. 384/1 While the Lords Marchers did the border this good service, they..caused no little anxiety to their sovereigns.
1995 16th Cent. Jrnl. 26 838 He tells of the winning of the Welsh lands by the Norman lords marcher.
Lord Marshal n. see marshal n. 2.
Lord President n. (a) (the title of) the head of a council, committee, etc.; spec. the head of the Privy Council (often more fully Lord President of the Council: see president n. 3a); (b) †(the title of) the head of a council in Wales, or one in northern England, appointed to represent the English Crown (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > council of state > [noun] > head of council of state
president1491
Lord President1539
1539 Anno Tricesimo Primo Henrici Octaui c. 10. sig. C.ii The lord President, the lord Priuie seale.., and the kynges chiefe Secretory shall sytte and be placed in suche order and fascion as is aboue rehersed.
1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 9 §7 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 438 Nor to restrayne the Power or Aucthoritie of the Lorde Presydent and Councell of the Marches of Wales, or of the Lorde President and Councell in the Northe.
1701 R. Morden New Descr. & State of Eng. 138 Ludlow.., where the Court for the Marshes of Wales was kept, consisting in a Lord President, and other Officers.
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) ii. 128 As Lord President he was tricky.
1974 D. W. Sylvester R. Lowe & Educ. vi. 134 Direct responsibility for the administration of the 1870 Education Act belonged to the Lord President and Vice-President of the Committee of Council for Education.
Lord Privy Seal n. see privy seal n. 1b.
Lord Probationer n. Scottish (now historical) (the title of) a newly appointed judge of the Court of Session.A Lord Probationer heard one or more cases in the presence of a senior judge, before becoming one of the Lords of Session (see session n. 5b).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in Scotland
sheriff principal1446
Justice General1487
Senator of the College of Justice1540
commissary1567
justiciarc1575
Lord Justice General1586
sessioner1597
Justice Clerk1672
Lord Probationer1711
Lord Ordinary1722
sheriff depute1815
sheriff1816
1711 J. Spotiswood Form of Process p. iv The Lord Probationer Reports the Pleading of the Advocats.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 176 The form of trial [for new judges]..consists in the presentee, or Lord Probationer as he is called, hearing and reporting, and delivering an opinion on certain of the causes depending in court.
1980 D. M. Walker Oxf. Compan. Law 671/2 The new judge, as Lord Probationer, heard several cases and reported his decision on them to the Court.
Lord Rector n. (the title of) a senior officer in certain Scottish universities; see rector n. 3b.
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1574 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 396 The seat hes decernit first the play to be revisit be my lord rectour, minister, M. Johnne Rutherfurd provest of Sanct Saluatour College.
1633 W. Lithgow Scotlands Welcome sig. Ev Lord Rector, Lord Archdeane, Lord how do yee?
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 249 The catalogue of Lord Rectors soars far above respectability and appropriateness: it is brilliant.
2000 Independent 21 Feb. ii. 4/5 (caption) The rectorial address..on his installation as Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews.
Lord Rectorship n. now chiefly historical the office or position of a Lord Rector; (also) a mock title for a Lord Rector.
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1823 John Bull 24 Mar. 93/1 The Courier of Tuesday falls foul of his Lord-Rectorship.
1825 Morning Post 16 July We do not..pretend to know exactly the degree of honour conferred by the Lord Rector-ship of a Scottish University.
1965 Times 4 Nov. 6/4 Voting for the Lord Rectorship of Glasgow University is to be held next Monday.
2008 W. J. Moses in Cambr. Compan. B. Franklin 138 Carnegie finally gained his long-awaited admission to the university world in 1902, when he was elected to the Lord Rectorship of St. Andrews University.
Lord Register n. Scottish (now historical) = Lord Clerk Register n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > compiler or keeper of written records > [noun] > official in charge of records > of registers > Lord or Deputy Clerk Register
Clerk of the Register1457
Lord Clerk Register1555
clerk of the scrow1596
Clerk-Registera1630
Lord Register1644
1644 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1644/6/6 They ordeane my lord register to be adjoyned to that article where it beires only thrie clerkes of parliament to be present.
1794 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) App. ii. 355 One of the Lord Register's Deputies for Keeping the Records.
2003 M. Cosh Edinburgh xliv. 658 Thanks to the efforts of the Lord Register.., almost as much again—£30,000—had been voted by Parliament.
Lords Spiritual n. (occasionally in singular) (the title of) the ecclesiastical members of the House of Lords (see sense A. 11a). [Compare post-classical Latin domini spirituales (from c1394 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignurs espirituels (a1307 or earlier); compare spiritual lord n. at spiritual adj. and n. Compounds 3.
Compare also the slightly earlier collective term Lords Spiritual and Temporal at sense A. 11a.]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun] > collectively
prelacya1393
Lords Spiritual1404
pontificala1450
pontificality1486
prelatry1641
prelature1820
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > bishop > kinds of bishop > [noun] > peers
spiritual lord1399
Lords Spiritual1404
1404 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1404 §20. m. 9 The kynges entent is, to assigne certeyn lordes spirituelle and certeyne lordes temporelle..for to put in execucione..alle the articles contened in the peticione of the comune.
1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome sig. B2 He..would gladly come to the honor to weare that which might make him a lord spirituall.
1834 Westm. Rev. July 34/2 The lords spiritual are buckling on their armor for a crusade in defence of their seats, and particularly their incomes.
2014 P. Johnson & R. M. Vanderbeck Law, Relig. & Homosexuality 23 The Lords Spiritual are a consistent presence in debates relating to homosexuality.
Lords Temporal n. (occasionally in singular) (the title of) the secular members of the House of Lords (see sense A. 11a). [Compare post-classical Latin domini temporales (from c1394 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignurs temporels (a1307 or earlier); compare temporal adj.1 3.
Compare also the slightly earlier collective term Lords Spiritual and Temporal at sense A. 11a.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > lord or lady > [noun] > peer or lord of parliament > lay peers
Lords Temporal1399
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 Pleas §9. m. 2 The Kyng, to wyt..the trowthe of this matere, and to come to the best jugement..by the avys of his lordes temporels.
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 94 The third Statute was there made concerning the Lords temporall and other of the Nobility & Gentry of this land.
1899 G. O. Trevelyan Amer. Revol. (ed. 2) I. ii. 89 About any individual Right Honourable gentleman or Lord Temporal the colonists knew little, and cared less.
1999 Guardian 12 June 22/4 In contrast to the Lords Temporal, the Lords Spiritual have no marks of social distinction attached to them at all.
Lord Treasurer n. see treasurer n. 1b.
Lord Warden n. now historical (the title) of a governor of a province or district, esp. the Marches (see march n.3 1a); cf. Warden of the Marches at warden n.1 4b. Often in Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (warden n.1 10b) and Lord Warden of the Stannaries (warden n.1 10d).
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1599 Abp. G. Abbot Briefe Descr. Worlde 210 The Queene of England had on her side three: whereof one is called the Lord Warden of the East Marches, the other of the West Marches, the third, the Warden of the middle Marches.
1802 W. Hutton Hist. Rom. Wall 50 In Queen Elizabeth's time, the salary of the Lord Warden was four hundred a year, out of which he paid two deputies.
1908 G. R. Lewis Stannaries III. iv. 115 The lord warden, the vice-warden, and the stewards, declined to hold any courts until their respective jurisdictions should be settled.
2005 N. J. G. Pounds Med. City 167 Among the duties of the Lord Warden was to preside over the Court of Admiralty for the Cinque Ports.
C3. Compounds with lord's or lords'.
Lord's act n. (also Lords' act) now historical an act providing that the estate of an insolvent debtor, detained in prison for a sum of less than £100 (later £300), could be surrendered to the creditors in return for the debtor's freedom.If one of the creditors objected, the debtor had to remain in prison as long as the creditor paid four pence a day for his or her subsistence. The act was passed in 1759 and originated in the House of Lords.
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1783 H. Cowper Rep. Court King's Bench 1774–78 73 The defendant obtained a rule to be carried to the next assizes, to be discharged on the Lord's act.
1838 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. (Electronic ed.) 39 590 They had only to extend the Lords' Act to all descriptions of debts, and every purpose of these parts of the Bill would be answered.
1964 Stud. in Romanticism 3 243 The debtor..might then, unless he could obtain the benefits of the ‘lord's act’, remain in prison for life, if his creditor wished to keep him there.
Lord's Anointed n. see anointed n.
Lord's Prayer n. [after post-classical Latin oratio Dominica (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian); compare Hellenistic Greek τοῦ κυρίου προσευχή (3rd cent. in Origines)] a prayer which Jesus taught his disciples, now widely used throughout the Christian Church; cf. paternoster n. 1.The prayer is recorded in Matthew 6:9–13, and a slightly shorter version is in Luke 11:2–4.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > the Lord's Prayer
paternostereOE
patera1400
Lord's Prayer1538
Our Father1859
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Mv And sua..papis prayers hes beyne haldine mair precious na our lord Iesus Christis prayer [Da. Vor Herris egen bøn].]
1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. liv. f. ccv The lordes prayer, named the Pater noster [L. orationi Dominicae].
1647 J. Hall Poems i. 13 [She] makes one single farthing bear The Creed, Commandments and Lords-prayer.
1835 Thoughts on Lord's Prayer Advt. Many persons are in the habit of saying the Lord's Prayer without understanding it.
2014 Church Times 2 May 35/4 She found herself repeating the Lord's Prayer, the only prayer she knew.
lord's room n. (also lords room, lords' room) now historical a room or area at the theatre, located behind and above the stage, reserved for members of the nobility.By the early 17th cent. the status of the lord's room had declined and seats on or beside the stage were preferred.
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > auditorium > [noun] > box or compartment
pew1558
lord's room1592
box1609
private boxa1640
side-box1676
balcony1718
lodge1730
green box1732
stage box1740
loge1768
opera box1789
dress box1795
property box1809
omnibus1840
omnibus box1842
baignoire1873
1592 P. Henslowe Diary (1961) 13 Pd for sellinges my lords Rome..xiiijs.
1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E2v Let our Gallant..presently aduance himselfe vp to the Throne of the Stage. I meane not into the Lords roome, (which is now but the Stages Suburbs).
1911 Mod. Philol. 9 15 The Lords' room..was abandoned by the gallants for a place upon the stage, or in the twelve-penny room next the stage.
2000 S. McEvoy Shakespeare iv. 88 A curtained-off lord's room cost sixpence.
Lord's Table n. (chiefly in Protestant usage) (a) = altar n. 2c; (b) Holy Communion. [After post-classical Latin mensa domini (Vulgate) and its model Hellenistic Greek τραπέζα κυρίου (New Testament: 1 Corinthians 10:21; compare quot. 1535); compare earlier God's board n. at god n. and int. Compounds 2c, the Lord's board (see board n. 6).]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun]
massOE
servicelOE
sacrament?c1225
table1340
commoningc1384
the Lord's Supperc1384
Eucharista1400
oblation?a1425
communion1440
sacrifice?1504
Lord's Table1533
Maundy1533
the Supper?1548
unbloody sacrifice1548
mystery1549
communication1550
banquet1563
liturgy1564
table service1593
synaxis1625
mysteriousness1650
second service1655
nagmaal1833
ordinance1854
table prayer1858
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [noun] > communion table > in reformed churches
Lord's Table1533
altar1549
oyster board1563
1533 W. Tyndale Souper of Lorde f. 31v Let him..come forthe reuerently vnto the lordis table, the congregation nowe set rownd aboute it.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Cor. x. C Ye can not be partakers of the Lordes table, and of the table off deuels.
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant i. §1. 22 The holy Sacrament..is by the Spirit of God called..the Lord's Table.
1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts (ed. 2) ii. iv. 393 Upon the Penalty of being excluded from the Lord's Table.
1992 Presbyterian Record Sept. 21/2 Communion was received in the Calvinist tradition, all gathering around the Lord's Table.
2014 Brattleboro (Vermont) Reformer (Nexis) 5 July All are welcome to receive the Eucharist as it is the Lord's Table, freely offered to all.
C4. Other compounds.
† lord-breed n. Obsolete rare a breed or race of lords.
ΚΠ
1862 C. Darwin Let. 25 Jan. in Life & Lett. (1887) II. 385 Ablest men are continually raised to the peerage, and get crossed with the older Lord-breeds.
lord farmer n. (a) a farmer who leases a manor (manor n. 3a) from a bishop (now historical); †(b) a farmer holding land directly from the king (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > one who holds from a bishop
vidame1523
lord farmer1707
1707 G. Miège Present State Great Brit. I. vii. 56 Lempster is noted for the Goodness of its Bread and Wool, and for the Title of a Baron it gives to the Lord Farmer.
1753 Act exchanging Lands Eastlech-Martin 7 To the said Lord Farmer of the said Manor.
1800 in J. Martin Lett. relative to Bourton on Hill (1801) 46 The Lord Farmer of the Manor of Bourton on the Hill aforesaid, and other proprietors of land..are decidedly against the Inclosure.
1851 in Documents respecting Horfield Manor 59 The first intimation which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners had received of Mr. Holt having become lessee or Lord Farmer of the manor.
1876 R. Frampton in T. Evans Life 161 The lord farmer there had been offering a small fine to renew with the two preceeding Bishops, who both refused.
1992 D. R. Hainsworth Stewards, Lords & People vii. 136 Snow was steward of the manor of Downton.., of which Ashe was lord farmer under the Bishop of Winchester.
† lord mesne n. Obsolete (historical in later use) = mesne lord n. at mesne adv., adj., and n. Compounds. [Compare post-classical Latin dominus medius (c1208 in a British source), Anglo-Norman seignur mesne (1355 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > (feudal) superior > holding of a superior lord
mesne?1530
mean lord1535
mesne lord1611
lord mesne1656
1656 W. Dugdale Antiq. Warwickshire 609/2 Neverthelesse did Iohn de Whitely..write himself Dominus de Witley; but this was as Lord mesne under Montfort.
1825 H. Roscoe Treat. Law of Actions I. 38 The writ of mesne results from the obligation of the tenure between the tenant paravaile and the lord mesne.
1911 Eng. Hist. Rev. 26 250 Two replevin cases illustrate curious points that may arise in the relations of lord mesne and tenant.
Lord Muck n. a self-important, pompous, or pretentious man; a man pretending to have greater importance or status than he really has; cf. Lady Muck n. at muck n.1 Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pomposity > [noun] > person
puffball1763
pomposo1806
panjandrum1825
Lord Muck1858
stuffed shirt1913
blimp1935
1858 Huddersfield Chron. & W. Yorks. Advertiser 12 June 8/2 Defendant called out, ‘Bill’; and when he (complainant) came down, he was addressed by the appellation of ‘Lord Muck’, and was also seized.
1937 in E. Partridge Dict. Slang 539/1 Muck, Lord, a person unjustifiably, or in the speaker's opinion unjustifiably, important or esteemed.
1955 J. Thomas No Banners xxix. 287 Hey, Lord Muck! May we have the honour of introducing ourselves!
1998 P. Lively Spiderweb (1999) viii. 102 He needn't think he could come down here acting like Lord Muck.
lord superior n. †(a) Scottish a feudal overlord (obsolete); (b) (the title or position of) the king of England in relation to the king of Scotland from the reign of Edward I until the Union of the Crowns in 1603 (historical). [In sense (b) probably after post-classical Latin superior dominus regni Scotiae, lit. ‘overlord of the kingdom of Scotland’, and similar expressions (from 1291 in British sources).]
ΚΠ
a1649 W. Drummond Hist. Scotl. (1655) 135 If the evidences of any possessour of Ward-lands be not in all points formal.., the lands..shall return to the Lord Superiour.
1702 A. Birnie Compend Ordinary Securities Scotl. (new ed.) 143 I Alexander, Lord Superior of the Lands of &c...Ratifie, Approve, and..perpetually confirm the Charter.
1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVI. 26 Musselburgh is an ancient ecclesiastical and incorporate burgh, holden of the Lord Superior of the Regality.
1825 W. Tennant John Baliol iii. vi. 99 As thy King's lord superior, I repeal His sentence gone against thee.
1997 B. Webster in J. Cannon Oxf. Compan. Brit. Hist. 77 Edward I..had insisted that all the claimants acknowledged his right to be lord superior of Scotland.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

lordv.

Brit. /lɔːd/, U.S. /lɔrd/
Forms: see lord n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: lord n.
Etymology: < lord n. Compare king v.
†1. intransitive. To have the status of a lord; to govern, rule; to have a presiding authority or influence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [verb (intransitive)] > have chief authority or lordship
lordshipc1350
lorda1393
seignory1474
signor?1517
signorize1588
seignorize1634
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3267 (MED) On lordeth, and an other serveth.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cii. 19 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 235 Lauerd in heuen graiþed sete his, And his rike til alle sal lauerd [L. dominabitur] in blis.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. x. l. 84 Þe more he..lordeth in londes þe lasse good he deleth.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. v. sig. Aiiijv Metridates whiche lorded vpon .xxiiij. contrees.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 54 (MED) A man may lightly knowe..whether wyt or no wyt be yn a kynge lordand.
2. transitive. To be lord of; to control, manage, rule (something or someone). Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > rule or govern [verb (transitive)]
steera900
hold971
wieldOE
warda1000
redeOE
wisc1000
i-weldeOE
rightlecheOE
rightOE
raima1325
governc1325
guyc1330
rulea1387
justicec1390
rekea1400
reigna1413
lorda1450
earlc1450
seignoryc1475
over-govern1485
overrulec1488
emperyc1503
gubern?a1505
signorize1594
sway1613
gubernate1623
overlead1720
belord1858
prime minister1906
a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 166 I was wroghte..By hym that lordeth yche intelligence.
c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 113 (MED) Refresshe the castelle of my poore hert With sum lyvyng of ioy or of plesaunce..Not suffir him to lorde this fals coward.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cvi. 102 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 169 [God] Left them to be..Lorded by foes.
1691 J. Wilson Belphegor i. ii. 6 Simple Merit Lords few Mens Horoscope.
1784 R. Cumberland Carmelite ii. 18 I reach'd my native castle, found it lorded By the usurper Hildebrand.
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 197 Austria's titled hordes, with their own gore, Fat the fair fields they lorded long before.
1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 95 The look Of his white palace..And all the revels he had lorded there.
1923 Colorado School Mines Mag. Jan. 18/1 Lamont Smith lorded the mound for the next three innings, and allowed but three scattered hits.
1999 J. C. Roy Vanished Kingdom 375 Those who may have lorded the land in previous generations.
†3.
a. transitive. To grant (a person or thing) power to govern or rule. rare. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > appoint to position of command or authority
prefect1489
lorda1500
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xviii. §14. 71 Si mei non fuerunt dominati..If thai ware noght lordid of me.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 97 He being thus Lorded..did beleeue He was indeed the Duke. View more context for this quotation
b. transitive. To grant (a man) the title and status of lord (lord n. 9a). Chiefly in passive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title > make into a lord
inlord1611
lord1615
lordify?1616
1615 W. Martyn Hist. Twentie Kings Eng. 90 Hee first Lorded him with the Baronie of Wallingford: and soone after, he created him Earle of Cornwall.
1643 G. Wither Campo-Musæ 69 Ev'ry one of those That hath for any services, beene Lorded.
1721 Coll. All Humorous Lett. London Jrnl. (ed. 2) 16 Thou shalt be told..Who gets an Estate in the Alley, and is afterward Knighted or Lorded.
1788 Minor (London ed.) II. iv. xix. 237 Sir Cadwallader Pleadwell, you must know, has been lately Lorded.
1835 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 700/1 As Pulteney was made Marquis of Bath, to end his great influence in the Commons; or as Sandys was lorded to get rid of him.
1889 F. J. Furnivall in Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Dec. 1/3 It was with no little pleasure then that I found Lord Tennyson (before he was lorded) making me known..to Mr. Robert Browning.
c. transitive. To address or speak of (a man) as ‘Lord’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > address by name > specific
ladyfy1602
lady1607
lord1633
lordship1740
ladyship1814
good man1846
first-name1913
1633 W. Lithgow Scotlands Welcome sig. Ev Lord Rector, Lord Archdeane, Lord how do yee? So also is Lord Lyon grauely Lorded.
1660 Char. Italy 56 Before they merit the degree of Knighthood, they must be Lorded.
1715 tr. C. de Renneville French Inquisition 232 He would never answer any Man, nor even Princes, unless they Monsignor'd, or Lorded him.
1842 Fraser's Mag. Jan. 23/2 On the other hand, had my father been a lord, I must have ‘lorded’ him on all occasions.
1872 St. Pauls Mag. Jan. 28 And all his followers lorded him as king.
4. To act in the supposed manner of a lord; to behave in an arrogant, disdainful, or dissipated manner; to rule tyrannically; to dominate.
a. intransitive. From the 17th cent. usually with over (a person or thing).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > be haughty or disdainful [verb (intransitive)]
to make it quainta1393
to have pepper in the nosea1400
lord1548
lord1563
to stand (also be, walk, etc.) upon (one's) pantofles1573
cavalier1594
to stand on (or upon) high terms1611
high-hat1922
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (intransitive)] > domineer
lord1548
to play rex1556
lord1563
to play the rex1570
domineer1591
seniorize1593
lady1600
squire1672
prime1756
rough-ride1835
imperialize1843
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)] > domineer over
lord1563
overlord?1574
ride1576
overswaya1586
predomineer1594
to set (put) the dice upon1598
lord1671
to ride (also run) roughshod1778
domineer1796
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiii For they [sc. the Apostles] preached and lorded not. And nowe they lorde and preache not.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti x, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. A6v She lordeth in licentious blisse Of her freewill.
1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 119 in Purple Island Her..sister..Alicia, in whose face Love proudly lorded.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 266 They had by this..lorded over them whom now they serve. View more context for this quotation
1728 T. Breviter Preservative against Popery 78 Our Protestant Church..be not lorded over by the Tyranny of one universal Bishop.
1777 E. Burke Addr. to King Jan. in Writings & Speeches (1996) III. 281 Much less are we desirous of lording over our Brethren.
1826 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 14 236 The six thousand years that man has lorded over the creation.
1882 R. D. Blackmore Christowell II. xiii. 265 I am not one, to be lorded over, by a man no better than myself.
1955 Times 30 Dec. 6/5 The actions of the imperialists and the colonialists in Asia, Africa, and everywhere they formerly lorded supreme.
2000 E. J. M. Rhoads Manchus & Han i. 16 The Manchus..lorded over and indeed lived off the Han.
b. transitive with it. From the 17th cent. usually with over (in to lord it over (a person or thing)). Cf. lady v. 1, queen v. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > be haughty or disdainful [verb (intransitive)]
to make it quainta1393
to have pepper in the nosea1400
lord1548
lord1563
to stand (also be, walk, etc.) upon (one's) pantofles1573
cavalier1594
to stand on (or upon) high terms1611
high-hat1922
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (intransitive)] > domineer
lord1548
to play rex1556
lord1563
to play the rex1570
domineer1591
seniorize1593
lady1600
squire1672
prime1756
rough-ride1835
imperialize1843
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)] > domineer over
lord1563
overlord?1574
ride1576
overswaya1586
predomineer1594
to set (put) the dice upon1598
lord1671
to ride (also run) roughshod1778
domineer1796
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1202/1 Suche Byshoppes as minister not, but lorde it.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July f. 28v They reigne and rulen ouer all, and lord it, as they list.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 200 I see them Lording it in London streets. View more context for this quotation
1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne vii. 145 Lording it over the Consciences of the people.
a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 55 She [sc. drunkenness] Lord's it over Poland, Sweden and Norway.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VIII. 168 Though reason and judgement would veil to Christ, yet the man does not, because his affections lord it.
1775 F. Burney Let. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 170 He disdains submitting to the Great, or Lording it over the little.
1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 59 The Kaatskill mountains..are seen..swelling up to a noble height, and lording it over the surrounding country.
1854 J. Tyndall in Lect. on Educ. 192 We lord it over Matter, and in so doing have become better acquainted with the laws of Mind.
1900 Q. Rev. Oct. 337 This barbarian..lorded it over many waters from the Canaries to Candia.
1933 H. Miller Let. 24 May in A. Nin & H. Miller Literate Passion (1989) 163 Forgive me, I'm not trying to lord it over you.
2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Mar. 14/1 Lording it over them was one of the pleasures of my father's old age.
c. transitive (reflexive). Chiefly with over (a person or thing). Also occasionally with adverbs, as about, around.
ΚΠ
1679 Something in Answer to Bk. called Hidden Things brought to Light 35 G F. hath remembred the Affliction of Joseph, and doth not Lord himself over the Light of God in others.
1749 Short Ess. to answer Arguments Separation from True Associate Synod 26 They endeavour to lord themselves over our Consciences.
a1828 J. Gray Serm. Doctr. & Pract. (1829) ii. 47 The rich man..has no right to lord himself over his poorer neighbour, until a mutual agreement has taken place betwixt them.
1853 E. Burritt Sister Voices 202 We see the rich and the powerful lording themselves over God's heritage, till at length one assumes almost the office of God himself.
1902 Scotsman 30 June 7/6 It would not do for any man to lord himself over the consciences or the intellects of others.
1912 J. E. Staley Lords & Ladies of Ital. Lakes i. 32 The proudest of all the lake-dwellers, lording themselves, as did their ancestors in the good old time long past.
1967 A. Sundel Hist. Aztecs & Mayas v. 55 Heady with success, the Aztecs began to lord themselves about.
1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 27 Nov. (Business section) 37 I suspect he is quite fed up with the way Murdoch has lorded himself around.
2011 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. (Sunday Review section) 4 It smacked of colonialism, patriarchy, bad white men lording themselves over voiceless minions.
5. transitive. With over. To wield (one’s power, status, knowledge, etc.) in an ostentatious, arrogant, or domineering way; to vaunt or parade proudly.
ΚΠ
1806 G. Pinckard Notes W. Indies III. vii. 74 The system which gives to an individual the power of lording his worst passions over a fellow being..admits of no defence.
1822 J. Macbeth Diss. on Sabbath 266 Other historians represent him [sc. Nimrod] to have lorded his power very tyrannically over his brethren in the plains of Shinar.
1895 E. M. Smith Daughter of Humanity xi. 123 Timid, retiring girls, subjected to the insults of brutal men who lorded their power over them.
1905 Nineteenth Cent. Mar. 485 Bitter with the consciousness of growing years and barrenness, lording her seniority over her young and beautiful rivals.
1979 Compar. Educ. 15 160 The image of primary teachers as high status persons, lording their education, white collar employment, and high social status over the children of working class and peasant families.
2009 T. Mandarich & S. S. Elrod My Dirty Little Secrets 20 I loved the feeling of superiority I had when I lorded my strength and size over those two guys.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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