long knifen.

Brit.

/ˌlɒŋ ˈnʌɪf/, U.S.

/ˈlɔŋ ˈˌnaɪf/,

/ˈlɑŋ ˈˌnaɪf/

Inflections: Plural long knives.

Forms: Also with capital initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: long adj.¹, knife n.

Etymology: < long adj.¹ + knife n.In sense 1a apparently after Welsh cyllell hir long knife (14th cent. in a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth; the word twyll ‘treachery, deception’ appears in the same passage) and its model post-classical Latin culter longus (Geoffrey of Monmouth (12th cent.)); the underlying passage in Historia Brittonum (9th cent.) has classical Latin cultellus coutel n., apparently with reference to the short one-edged swords seen as characteristic of the Saxons, of which the Old English name seax is also cited in both Latin accounts (see sax n.¹ and the note at that entry; compare long sax in Laȝamon's version of the story (l. 7592)). In treachery of the long knives after Welsh twyll y cyllyll hirion (1587 or earlier; compare quot. a1604 at sense 1a) and similar phrases. In night of the long knives after German Nacht der langen Messer (13 July 1934 (in a speech by Hitler) or earlier with reference to these events; 1931 (in an anti-Nazi essay by C. von Ossietzky in Die Weltbühne 15 Dec. 879) or earlier in the general sense ‘treacherous massacre or purge’). In quot. 1937, the intended reference is probably to the Nazi song Blut muß fließen (1928 or earlier), which contains the verse Wetzt die langen Messer auf dem Bürgersteig! ‘Sharpen the long knives on the pavement!’, but this lacks the collocation with Nacht night n. In sense 2 after Mohawk a’share’koówa, lit. ‘big knife’, a name given to Francis Howard, colonial governor of Virginia (see Big Knife n.); with this sense compare earlier Big Knife n.

1. In plural. Used in expressions denoting treacherous massacres or purges.

a. treachery (also plot, treason) of the long knives: a legendary massacre of the Britons by the Saxons under Hengist in the 5th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] > instance of

slaughter1483

Sicilian Vespers1586

plot of the long knivesa1604

blood feast?1611

Parisian matins1614

Parisian massacre1657

bloodbath1814

Roman holiday1818

holocaust1833

bath of blood1882

pogrom1889

bloodfest1907

blood purge1959

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 49 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Through the treason of Hengist, (which the Britaines call Toill y Killill Hirion, the treason of the long knives) the Nobles and Princes of Britaine were slaine and buried.

1640 W. Vaughan Church Militant 118 The long Knives Complot, which like a Torch From time to time did their gall'd Entrailes scorch.

1820 Cambro-Briton Jan. 171 The meeting of the principal men of the Cymry and the Saxon claimants on the mountain of Caer Caradawg, where the Plot of the Long Knives took place.

1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales II. xx. 226 Hengist had commanded..that..each Saxon should draw his long sax, or knife,..and should plunge it into the throat of his neighbour... This infernal carnage the Welsh have appropriately denominated the treachery of the long knives.

1982 R. Morris Char. King Arthur Medieval Lit. iv. 52 We can see Geoffrey doing this by developing such incidents as the Treachery of the Long Knives, which demonstrates the Saxons' betrayal of universal human values.

2010 T. Duggett Gothic Romanticism ii. 77 Reversing the Treason of the Long Knives, Wordsworth makes his younger self into a civilized Gothic Saxon in need of protection from the barbarous Celtic Briton.

b. night of the long knives: (among Nazis) violent action against opponents, esp. the arrest and killing of numerous prominent rivals (notably Ernst Röhm and other leaders of the Sturmabteilung) by the Nazi leadership, 30 June–2 July 1934; hence used allusively of any similar decisive or ruthless dealings by leaders with associates or staff.

ΚΠ

1932 Times 2 Aug. 10/3 Prominent Nazi leaders have played upon the imaginations of their followers..with such phrases as ‘the night of the long knives’ and ‘a vengeance for every Nazi killed’.

1937 S. H. Roberts House Hitler Built ii. iii. 114 Such seem to have been the facts of this ‘Night of the Long Knives’ (the name given to it by Hitler and taken from one of the earliest marching songs of the Nazis).

1960 ‘W. Haggard’ Closed Circuit iii. 29 Many would die in any night of the long knives.

1968 J. Bingham I love, I Kill iv. 44 There was not the ‘night of the long knives’ feeling you get when a commercial management has ten thousand smackers at stake.

1989 Independent (Nexis) 4 Nov. After her own version of the Night of the Long Knives, Mrs Thatcher could be said to have taken a leaf out of Macmillan's book.

2010 B. Yenne Hitler's Master of Dark Arts vii. 86 The Night of the Long Knives turned out to be an extraordinary SS recruiting tool.

c. figurative or in figurative contexts, denoting the ruthless removal of unwanted associates or employees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > specifically of persons

expurgation1615

purge1893

sweep-out1947

long knives1967

1967 W. R. Manchester Death of President i. i. 93 He could be fairly confident of surviving the long knives of Austin.

1979 P. White Let. 15 July (1994) xiv. 522 The long knives will be out.

1993 Money Apr. 158/1 This special 12-page section can help you avoid the long knives.

2003 BusinessWeek 17 Nov. 65/2 The long knives are out for Japan's dashing Premier—and the knives are being pulled by party insiders.

2. North American. Frequently in plural and with capital initials. (A translation of) a name given by North American Indians to a white settler, esp. of Virginia, or a white soldier; (sometimes spec.) a citizen of the United States as opposed to a Canadian or other British subject in North America. Cf. Big Knife n. Now historical.In quot. 1806: a nickname for the U.S. Congress.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun]

white mana1398

Christian1622

European1666

white-face1684

long knife1784

buckra1794

sahib1796

white-skin1803

whitey1811

Pakeha1817

papalagi1817

paleface1823

whitefellow1826

Abelungu1836

haole1843

gringo1849

lightiea1855

umlungu1859

mzungu1860

heaven-burster1861

ladino1877

mooniasc1880

Conchy Joe1888

béké1889

ofay1899

ridge runner1904

Ngati Pakeha1905

kelch1912

pink1913

leucoderm1924

fay1927

Mr Charlie1928

pinkie1935

devil1938

wonk1938

oaf1941

grey1943

paddy1945

Caucasoid1956

Jumble1957

Caucasian1958

white boy1958

pinko-grey1964

honky1967

toubab1976

palagi1977

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun]

long knife1784

Yankeec1784

Yankee Doodle1787

Columbian1789

Brother Jonathan1816

norteamericano1839

United Statesian1845

Joe1947

Yanqui1969

1784 J. Filson Adventures D. Boon in Discov. Kentucke App. 62 The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they call the Virginians, by experience.

1788 W. Biggs Captivity 13 He again asked if I was a Shemolsea (that is a long knife or a Virginian).

1806 L. Dow Trav. & Providential Experience II. 65 But they [sc. the Indians] being afraid of Long-knife, (i.e. Congress) refrained from violence.

1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie I. v. 135 If the Tetons lose their great chief by the hands of the Long-knives, old shall die as well as young!

1838 A. Jameson Winter Stud. & Summer Rambles Canada III. 55 A distinguished Pottowottomie warrior..was..a good friend to the Long-knives, (The Americans).

1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Openings I. xi. 168 Until the ‘long-knives and leather-stockings’ came into the woods, the red man had his way.

1868 J. MacMullen Hist. Canada (ed. 2) xiii. 256 The north-western Indian tribes..cordially disliked the Americans, whom they termed Long-knives.

1908 W. R. Nursey Story Isaac Brock xviii. 100 ‘My object,’ said Brock, addressing the Indians, ‘is to assist you to drive the “Long-knives” from the frontier.’

1959 N. Sluman Blackfoot Crossing 33 Crowfoot says that the border—the medicine line—protects his people from the Long Knives.

1972 J. Mosher Some would call it Adultery iii. xvi. 147 Brought General Terry and his ‘Long Knives’, as the Indians called U.S. Cavalry, ‘up across the border, Mounted Police or no’.

1994 Indian Country Today 29 Dec. b11/4 The ‘Long Knives,’ as the soldiers were called by the Indians, claimed this was their day.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	long knife
释义	long knifen. Brit. /ˌlɒŋ ˈnʌɪf/, U.S. /ˈlɔŋ ˈˌnaɪf/, /ˈlɑŋ ˈˌnaɪf/ Inflections: Plural long knives. Forms: Also with capital initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: long adj.¹, knife n. Etymology: < long adj.¹ + knife n.In sense 1a apparently after Welsh cyllell hir long knife (14th cent. in a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth; the word twyll ‘treachery, deception’ appears in the same passage) and its model post-classical Latin culter longus (Geoffrey of Monmouth (12th cent.)); the underlying passage in Historia Brittonum (9th cent.) has classical Latin cultellus coutel n., apparently with reference to the short one-edged swords seen as characteristic of the Saxons, of which the Old English name seax is also cited in both Latin accounts (see sax n.¹ and the note at that entry; compare long sax in Laȝamon's version of the story (l. 7592)). In treachery of the long knives after Welsh twyll y cyllyll hirion (1587 or earlier; compare quot. a1604 at sense 1a) and similar phrases. In night of the long knives after German Nacht der langen Messer (13 July 1934 (in a speech by Hitler) or earlier with reference to these events; 1931 (in an anti-Nazi essay by C. von Ossietzky in Die Weltbühne 15 Dec. 879) or earlier in the general sense ‘treacherous massacre or purge’). In quot. 1937, the intended reference is probably to the Nazi song Blut muß fließen (1928 or earlier), which contains the verse Wetzt die langen Messer auf dem Bürgersteig! ‘Sharpen the long knives on the pavement!’, but this lacks the collocation with Nacht night n. In sense 2 after Mohawk a’share’koówa, lit. ‘big knife’, a name given to Francis Howard, colonial governor of Virginia (see Big Knife n.); with this sense compare earlier Big Knife n. 1. In plural. Used in expressions denoting treacherous massacres or purges. a. treachery (also plot, treason) of the long knives: a legendary massacre of the Britons by the Saxons under Hengist in the 5th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] > instance of slaughter1483 Sicilian Vespers1586 plot of the long knivesa1604 blood feast?1611 Parisian matins1614 Parisian massacre1657 bloodbath1814 Roman holiday1818 holocaust1833 bath of blood1882 pogrom1889 bloodfest1907 blood purge1959 a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 49 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Through the treason of Hengist, (which the Britaines call Toill y Killill Hirion, the treason of the long knives) the Nobles and Princes of Britaine were slaine and buried. 1640 W. Vaughan Church Militant 118 The long Knives Complot, which like a Torch From time to time did their gall'd Entrailes scorch. 1820 Cambro-Briton Jan. 171 The meeting of the principal men of the Cymry and the Saxon claimants on the mountain of Caer Caradawg, where the Plot of the Long Knives took place. 1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales II. xx. 226 Hengist had commanded..that..each Saxon should draw his long sax, or knife,..and should plunge it into the throat of his neighbour... This infernal carnage the Welsh have appropriately denominated the treachery of the long knives. 1982 R. Morris Char. King Arthur Medieval Lit. iv. 52 We can see Geoffrey doing this by developing such incidents as the Treachery of the Long Knives, which demonstrates the Saxons' betrayal of universal human values. 2010 T. Duggett Gothic Romanticism ii. 77 Reversing the Treason of the Long Knives, Wordsworth makes his younger self into a civilized Gothic Saxon in need of protection from the barbarous Celtic Briton. b. night of the long knives: (among Nazis) violent action against opponents, esp. the arrest and killing of numerous prominent rivals (notably Ernst Röhm and other leaders of the Sturmabteilung) by the Nazi leadership, 30 June–2 July 1934; hence used allusively of any similar decisive or ruthless dealings by leaders with associates or staff. ΚΠ 1932 Times 2 Aug. 10/3 Prominent Nazi leaders have played upon the imaginations of their followers..with such phrases as ‘the night of the long knives’ and ‘a vengeance for every Nazi killed’. 1937 S. H. Roberts House Hitler Built ii. iii. 114 Such seem to have been the facts of this ‘Night of the Long Knives’ (the name given to it by Hitler and taken from one of the earliest marching songs of the Nazis). 1960 ‘W. Haggard’ Closed Circuit iii. 29 Many would die in any night of the long knives. 1968 J. Bingham I love, I Kill iv. 44 There was not the ‘night of the long knives’ feeling you get when a commercial management has ten thousand smackers at stake. 1989 Independent (Nexis) 4 Nov. After her own version of the Night of the Long Knives, Mrs Thatcher could be said to have taken a leaf out of Macmillan's book. 2010 B. Yenne Hitler's Master of Dark Arts vii. 86 The Night of the Long Knives turned out to be an extraordinary SS recruiting tool. c. figurative or in figurative contexts, denoting the ruthless removal of unwanted associates or employees. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [noun] > clearing or sweeping away > riddance > specifically of persons expurgation1615 purge1893 sweep-out1947 long knives1967 1967 W. R. Manchester Death of President i. i. 93 He could be fairly confident of surviving the long knives of Austin. 1979 P. White Let. 15 July (1994) xiv. 522 The long knives will be out. 1993 Money Apr. 158/1 This special 12-page section can help you avoid the long knives. 2003 BusinessWeek 17 Nov. 65/2 The long knives are out for Japan's dashing Premier—and the knives are being pulled by party insiders. 2. North American. Frequently in plural and with capital initials. (A translation of) a name given by North American Indians to a white settler, esp. of Virginia, or a white soldier; (sometimes spec.) a citizen of the United States as opposed to a Canadian or other British subject in North America. Cf. Big Knife n. Now historical.In quot. 1806: a nickname for the U.S. Congress. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun] white mana1398 Christian1622 European1666 white-face1684 long knife1784 buckra1794 sahib1796 white-skin1803 whitey1811 Pakeha1817 papalagi1817 paleface1823 whitefellow1826 Abelungu1836 haole1843 gringo1849 lightiea1855 umlungu1859 mzungu1860 heaven-burster1861 ladino1877 mooniasc1880 Conchy Joe1888 béké1889 ofay1899 ridge runner1904 Ngati Pakeha1905 kelch1912 pink1913 leucoderm1924 fay1927 Mr Charlie1928 pinkie1935 devil1938 wonk1938 oaf1941 grey1943 paddy1945 Caucasoid1956 Jumble1957 Caucasian1958 white boy1958 pinko-grey1964 honky1967 toubab1976 palagi1977 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] long knife1784 Yankeec1784 Yankee Doodle1787 Columbian1789 Brother Jonathan1816 norteamericano1839 United Statesian1845 Joe1947 Yanqui1969 1784 J. Filson Adventures D. Boon in Discov. Kentucke App. 62 The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they call the Virginians, by experience. 1788 W. Biggs Captivity 13 He again asked if I was a Shemolsea (that is a long knife or a Virginian). 1806 L. Dow Trav. & Providential Experience II. 65 But they [sc. the Indians] being afraid of Long-knife, (i.e. Congress) refrained from violence. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie I. v. 135 If the Tetons lose their great chief by the hands of the Long-knives, old shall die as well as young! 1838 A. Jameson Winter Stud. & Summer Rambles Canada III. 55 A distinguished Pottowottomie warrior..was..a good friend to the Long-knives, (The Americans). 1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Openings I. xi. 168 Until the ‘long-knives and leather-stockings’ came into the woods, the red man had his way. 1868 J. MacMullen Hist. Canada (ed. 2) xiii. 256 The north-western Indian tribes..cordially disliked the Americans, whom they termed Long-knives. 1908 W. R. Nursey Story Isaac Brock xviii. 100 ‘My object,’ said Brock, addressing the Indians, ‘is to assist you to drive the “Long-knives” from the frontier.’ 1959 N. Sluman Blackfoot Crossing 33 Crowfoot says that the border—the medicine line—protects his people from the Long Knives. 1972 J. Mosher Some would call it Adultery iii. xvi. 147 Brought General Terry and his ‘Long Knives’, as the Indians called U.S. Cavalry, ‘up across the border, Mounted Police or no’. 1994 Indian Country Today 29 Dec. b11/4 The ‘Long Knives,’ as the soldiers were called by the Indians, claimed this was their day. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1604
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