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单词 lowered
释义

loweredadj.

Brit. /ˈləʊəd/, U.S. /ˈloʊərd/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: lower v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < lower v. + -ed suffix1.
1. That has been moved to a lower position; directed downwards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [adjective] > lowered
vailed1591
dejected1600
lowered1648
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > lack of height > [adjective] > made low(er)
lowered1836
1648 E. Sherburne tr. Seneca Medea ii. i. 19 Now bring the Tack aboard; now fast His lower'd Yards, binde to the Mast.
1707 E. Smith Phædra & Hippolytus iii. 31 The suppliant Nations..with lower'd Sails Confess the Ocean's Queen.
1836 Gardener's Mag. May 248 The comparative results, even in the same house, after two months' trial, were in favour of the lowered vines.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss III. vi. xi. 167 A great tear fell from under her lowered eyelids.
1917 Pop. Mech. Dec. 897/2 The target men examine the lowered target carefully.
1960 J. F. Lehmann I am my Brother ii. i. 34 Leonard himself sat in modest silence, with lowered eyes.
2006 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 Nov. 6/1 She finally came to London and addressed the people under a lowered flag.
2. Decreased in amount, degree, or intensity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > decreased
diminutec1475
suppeditate?1526
lessened1565
minished1590
declined1591
reduced1591
bated1600
contracted1603
waneda1616
mute1627
shrivelleda1631
refracted1635
imminutea1681
retrenched1693
lowered1730
diminished1745
subdued1785
dwindled1796
depressed1831
shrunken1873
downrated1958
whittled-down1961
pared-down1974
slim-down1978
slimmed-down1978
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [adjective] > declining or deteriorating > in character or quality
infecta1387
palledc1390
rustyc1390
degeneratea1513
withered1561
bastardlike1577
degenerated1581
degenerous1600
bastardized1611
degenerating1611
wormy1611
autumnal1616
blood-shrunk1634
degenered1637
reduced1689
lowered1730
eviscerated1858
labefact1874
disbloomed-
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > tone of voice > made quieter
lowered1826
1730 J. Browne Short Rev. Pamphlets 35 The lowered Price of the Moydore.
1783 Polit. Mag. Mar. 209/2 The present state of credit and lowered value of lands.
1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 8 June (1939) 182 The affectionate care that used to be ready with lowerd voice and stealthy pace to smooth the pillow.
1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 63 A general lowered state of health among the population.
1922 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 30 471 High wages, reduced hours, lowered productivity, and canceled orders.
1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 831 It is stunted physically and mentally owing to its lowered metabolic rate.
1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 23 Aug. 6/2 The side effect was a lowered sex drive.
3. Heraldry. = abased adj. 4. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [adjective] > other manners or types of charge or ordinary
bially1486
counter-quartered1562
oppressed1572
succedent1688
batoned1691
appointé1753
rangé1780
lowered?1828
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic representations of creatures > [adjective] > specific positions of wings
displayedc1450
overtc1452
splayeda1513
close1513
disclosed1610
lolling1688
extendant1825
lowered?1828
?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. 3c3v/2 Lowered, is said of ordinaries, abated from their common situation; as the chief may be lowered under another chief of concession, or augmentation, though it usually possesses the upper angles of the shield. The fesse and cheveron may likewise be lowered.
1857 Irish Q. Rev. 25 11 But instead of having the wings ascending, as the eagle of the Cæsars, it had the wings lowered.
1987 J. Martin Heraldry in Vatican xiv. 190 The armorial bearings of Leo XII,..‘l'aquila dal volo abbassato e coronata d'oro in campo azzurro’; ‘azure an eagle with its wings lowered and crowned gold’, can only be seen on his tomb.
4. Printmaking. Of a woodblock or its surface: that has been lowered (lower v. 4b).
ΚΠ
1833 Penny Mag. Monthly Suppl. Oct. 421/1 This is effected by scooping out the wood like a shelving trench from the edge of the shadow, and afterwards engraving the hatched lines upon the lowered surface.
1839 W. A. Chatto Treat. Wood Engraving viii. 696 When lowered blocks are printed at a common press, it is necessary that [etc.].
1921 J. Pennell Graphic Arts 220 A wood engraving or a wood cut is made by putting ink on lines which project above the rest of the lowered block.
1943 R. Ruzicka Thomas Bewick 46 Two reproductions made with the aid of proofs pulled from the original block..will in a measure illustrate the uneven surface of a lowered engraving.
2008 R. Richardson Making of Mr. Gray's Anat. 294 The fine India paper accidentally picked up ink from lowered areas.
5. Phonetics. Of a vowel sound: articulated with the tongue in a lower position. Also (of a pronunciation): characterized by the use of such a sound. Cf. lower v. 9b, raised adj.1 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > types of
openeOE
sharp?1533
simple1582
small1599
soft1625
obscurea1637
round1710
slender1755
close1760
wide1824
lowered1836
narrow1844
labialized1856
orinasal1856
central1857
reduced1861
free1864
high1867
low1867
mid1867
mixed1867
rounded1867
unrounded1871
raised1876
unreduced1894
obscured1897
spread1902
lax1909
slack1909
tense1909
centralized1926
flat1934
r-coloured1935
checked1943
1836 J. Nicholson tr. G. H. A. Ewald Gram. Hebrew Lang. 214 These lowered vowels are still perfectly immutable.
1877 H. Sweet Handbk. Phonetics 12 Raised (e) and lowered (i) must generally both be assumed to represent the same half-way position.
1933 Amer. Speech 8 7/2 I did not detect the lowered pronunciation.
2012 R. Hickey in J. M. Hernández-Campoy & J. C. Conde-Silvestre Handbk. Hist. Sociolinguistics xxi. 396 After the Second World War this older form of speech was increasingly out of tune with contemporary usage, which was showing a lowered vowel in the region of /æ/.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1648
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