lungn.
/lʌŋ/, U.S. /ləŋ/ 1.
a. Each of the two respiratory organs in man and most vertebrate animals, placed within the cavity of the thorax on either side of the heart and communicating with the trachea or windpipe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > lungs
lungc1000
lightsc1225
pomounc1400
windbag1552
pulme1553
poulme1561
poulmon1561
bellows1614
airbag1782
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 160/34 Pulmo, lungen.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 92 Mið þy sceal mon lacnian þone man þe biþ lungenne wund.
c1250 Death 172 in Old Eng. Misc. 178 Nu schal for-rotien þi liure and þi lunge.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 6499 Þe longene and þe liure folle to þan grunde.
13.. K. Alis. 4719 Men to heom threowe drit and donge, With foule ayren, with rotheres lunge.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter l. 8 It purges þe longes of inflacioun.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 100 The lunge yifth him weie of speche.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 189 Lame men he lechede with longen of bestes.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 49 The longis hool and wynded with the best.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) i. 3 The archer..hath y-schotte him selfe in þe lungen.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 86 The wulf..gaf to me but half the longes.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 409 Leuir and lounggis men mycht all redy se.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. vii. 63 That all the blayd, vp to the hylt and hand Amyd his flaffand longis hyd hes he.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xxii. 34 A certayne man..shott the kynge of Israel betwene the mawe and ye longes.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Miiijv Ofte fetchyng of wind declares a sickenes of the lunges.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 133 The sicknesse of the Loonges is perceiued, yf the Dewlappe be hard closed togeather very farre vp.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 173 Shooting [is good] for the longs & breast.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 179 Gentlemen,..of such sensible and nimble Lungs, that they alwayes vse to laugh at nothing. View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 294 In those which breathe through the lungs, some have the heart composed of two ventricles, and some have it of one.
1831 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. (ed. 2) 622 The Lungs..are two spongy, cellular, expansible organs.
1872 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. (1873) xii. 462 The lungs are attached by their roots to the two branches of the windpipe.
b. transferred and figurative, esp. as in phrase lungs of London (etc.), applied to open spaces within or adjacent to a city.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > large ornamental grounds > public park
parka1635
lungs of London1808
public park1822
parklet1854
people's park1855
strip park1938
1638 J. Cleveland in Obsequies 9 in Justa Edouardo King Could not the winds..With their whole card of lungs redeem thy breath?
1808 Windham Speech against Encroachm. Hyde Park 30 June It was a saying of Lord Chatham, that the parks were the lungs of London.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes I. ii. 39 Beyond this fence the outer domain..acts as one of the lungs of Sydney.
1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd II. i. 3 That Bathsheba was a firm and positive girl..had been the very lung of his hope.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xlv. 219 At length something from the lungs of the gale alighted like a feather upon the pane.
1900 Q. Rev. July 51 We can with perfect safety use these old burial grounds as lungs for the overcrowded city.
2. Applied to analogous organs in other animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > lung or gill
gilla1325
branchiae1398
lung1889
pleurobranch1892
1889 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (at cited word) In Mollusca the Pulmonata, represented by the snail and slug, have a simple type of lung... In Amphibia..the lung is a simple or double sac with a smooth lining near the termination of the trachea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun] > apothecary's assistant
lungs1612
bottle boy1770
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. sig. C4v That's his Fire-drake, His Lungs, his Zephyrus, he that puffes his coales. View more context for this quotation
1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) 43 That the Company received into it be as follows... Two Lungs, or Chemical Servants. That the annual allowance..be as follows... To each of the Lungs twelve pounds.
4. (See quot. 1736) dialect (? Obsolete)
ΚΠ
1736 Compl. Family-piece iii. 435 Swine..are subject to a Distemper which is called the Thirst, or Lungs..a Distemper proceeding purely from Want of Water.
5. lungs of oak n. (also lungs of the oak, oak lungs) (see oak n. Compounds 3), Sticta pulmonacea; = lungwort n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > lungwort or lungs of oak
hazel rag1565
lungwort1578
lightwort1587
tree lungwort1597
wood liverwort1597
oak-lungs1727
hazel crottles1772
hazelraw1777
lungs of oak1856
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the chest or lungs
lightwort1587
lungwort1597
pulmonic1663
pectoral1699
thoracic1710
pneumonic1715
drosera1801
lungs of oak1856
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant
hyssopc1000
sionc1000
tunhoofc1000
poppyOE
camomilea1300
orobusa1398
tithymala1400
tutsana1400
Thapsiac1400
melissa?a1425
hallelujahc1425
turmeric1538
succory1541
balin1546
English treacle1548
treacle mustard1548
rhabarb1558
Thlaspi1562
treacle clover1562
holy herb1567
lungwort1578
solanum1578
lightwort1587
neezing wort1591
Alexander's Foot1597
burst-wort1597
symphonia1597
wound-herb1597
leper's herb1600
all bones1633
schoenanth1633
nip1651
wound-shrub1659
hermodact1678
jusquiam1727
Algerian tea1728
Australian tea1728
strongback1739
silphium1753
belladonna1788
foxglove1801
ledum1822
yercum1826
lungs of oak1856
strong man's weed1864
conium1866
short-long1871
fever grass1875
1856 W. L. Lindsay Pop. Hist. Brit. Lichens 183 Sticta Pulmonaria... Its specific name, as well as its familiar designation, ‘Lungs of Oak’, or ‘Tree Lungwort’ are due to its efficacy, real or supposed, in pulmonary affections.
1863 J. R. Wise New Forest xvi. 176 One of the commonest remedies for consumption in the Forest is the ‘lungs of oak’.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Lungs-of-the-oak.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a. Simple attributive.† lung-blood n. Obsolete
lung-attack n.
ΚΠ
1865 A. D. Whitney Gayworthys 135 A lung-attack, at any time of life—certainly when the threescore years and ten are passed—can hardly leave a man exactly where it found him.
ΚΠ
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xiv. 165 Lung-blood generally appears somewhat lighter than a natural red, because it is conceived to be rendred more aereous by the Lungs.
lung cancer n.
ΚΠ
1926 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 17 July 147/1 A diagnosis of endothelioma has been made frequently in primary lung cancers.
1953 Newsweek 25 May 60 Dr. Alton Ochsner..believes that lung cancer..‘is unquestionably due to the carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoking’.
1975 ‘G. Black’ Big Wind for Summer ii. 39 When she was still a deb..lung cancer was still diagnosed as galloping consumption.
lung-cell n.
ΚΠ
1853 W. O. Markham tr. J. Skoda Treat. Auscultation 287 The lung-cells and finer bronchial tubes are compressed by the distended blood-vessels.
lung-consolidation n.
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 768 In like manner, the former auscultatory signs of lung-consolidation vanish.
lung-disease n.
ΚΠ
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 302 Passive congestion is a frequent cause of albuminuria, more especially in heart and lung diseases.
lung function n.
ΚΠ
1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1386/1 Systematic lung-function studies were not carried out in these patients.
lung-parenchyma n.
ΚΠ
1853 W. O. Markham tr. J. Skoda Treat. Auscultation 44 Effusion of blood into the lung-parenchyma.
lung-substance n.
ΚΠ
1853 W. O. Markham tr. J. Skoda Treat. Auscultation 46 We scarcely ever find any considerable amount of lung-substance deprived of air by pressure.
lung-tissue n.
ΚΠ
1853 W. O. Markham tr. J. Skoda Treat. Auscultation 269 Signs of Pneumonia, when the Lung-tissue is permeable to air.
lung-trouble n.
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 356 Some secondary lung trouble with which there is not nervous power to contend.
lung-tubercle n.
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 309 Some decided signs of lung tubercle are discovered early in the disease.
lung-vessel n.
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 403 The absence of clotting from blood within the lung vessels.
b. Objective.
lung-bearing adj.
ΚΠ
1888 G. Allen in Good Words 229 The lung-bearing and air-breathing terrestrial animal.
lung-bursting adj.
ΚΠ
1971 S. Cavell World Viewed vii. 41 Baudelaire's..lung-bursting inflation of Delacroix.
1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon xxi. 286 The last length of rope..was the most strenuous of all, taking two hours of lung-bursting effort to reach the top.
c. Instrumental.
(a)
lung-breather n.
ΚΠ
1880 St. James's Budget 17 Sept. 12/1 The earliest lung-breathers were amphibians.
(b)
lung-breathing adj.
ΚΠ
1907 Westm. Gaz. 1 June 16/3 The complete proof of this evolution of the lung-breathing four-footed creatures of the earth from purely aquatic forms has been lost.
1949 Oxf. Junior Encycl. II. 359/2 If the larval form [of the Axolotl] is kept..it will gradually turn into the mature, lung-breathing salamander.
C2. Special combinations.† lung-cracked adj. Obsolete of breath, issuing from exhausted lungs.† lung-growing n. (also lungs-growing) Obsolete a disease in cattle, in which the lungs adhere to the side.† lung-grown adj. Obsolete said of an animal affected with ‘lung-growing’; also n. = lung-growing n. † lung-pipe n. Obsolete singular the trachea or windpipe, plural the bronchial tubes.† lung-woe n. Obsolete disease of the lungs.
lung book n. a lamellate respiratory organ found in spiders, scorpions, and certain other arachnids; cf. book lung n. at book n. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [adjective] > of lung book
lung book1881
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > member of > parts of > respiratory organ > lung book
lung book1881
1861 J. Blackwall Hist. Spiders Great Brit. & Ireland I. i. 4 The internal organs of respiration in connexion with the anterior pair of stigmata present the appearance of membraneous sacs formed by lamellæ applied to one another like the leaves of a book.]
1881 E. R. Lankester in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 21 541 The lamellæ of the Scorpion's lung-book.
1892 J. A. Thomson Outl. Zool. 251 Scorpions have ‘lung-books’, and most spiders have both lung-books and tracheæ.
1910 E. R. Lankester Sci. from Easy Chair xxxi. 291 Fig. 49..h, heart connected by four big veins with b, the lung-bosks [sic], or air-gills.
1932 L. A. Borradaile & F. A. Potts Invertebrata xv. 447 The spiders, at least, have passed through a primitive lung-book stage from which they have not all emerged. In fact they show all the stages of replacement of lung books by tracheae.
1971 Nature 12 Feb. 455/1 The species [sc. Micrathena gracilis, a spider] possesses a well-developed stridulatory organ with a file on the cover of the lung book (the respiratory organ).
ΚΠ
1636 W. Denny in Ann. Dubrensia sig. B4v The Racer..might..outward shoote His lung-crackt-breath.
lung-fever n. pneumonia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs > pneumonia
peripleumoniaa1400
peripleumony?a1425
peripneumony?1550
peripneumonia1562
pneumonia1603
pneumonitis1817
lung-fever1852
pleuro1863
pneu1916
1852 H. W. Pierson Amer. Missionary Mem. 229 His illness (lung-fever) was sudden and unexpected.
lungfish n. a fish having lungs as well as gills, a dipnoan.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > [noun] > order Dipnoi > member of (lung-fish)
dipnoid1878
dipnoan1883
lungfish1883
1883 C. F. Holder in Harper's Mag. Dec. 107/2 The curious lung-fish (Protopterus) builds a burrow.
1968 A. S. Romer Procession of Life viii. 165 The dipnoans owe their popular name of lungfishes to the fact that, except for two ray-finned fishes..they are the only living fishes to possess these air-breathing structures.
lung-flower n. Gerarde's transl. of the German name of the Marsh Gentian, Gentiana Pneumonanthe.
ΚΠ
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 355 Viola Autumnalis, or Autumne Violet..the same that Valerius Cordus..saith is named in the Germain toong Lungen blumen, or Lung flower.
lung fluke n. a parasitic trematode flatworm of the genus Paragonimus; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [adjective] > belonging to class Trematode > of or relating to member of genus Paragonimus
lung fluke1900
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Trematodes > order Digenea > suborder Prostomata > division Distomata > member of genus Paragonimus
lung fluke1900
1900 C. W. Stiles & A. Hassal in 16th Ann. Rep. Bureau Animal Industry 1899 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 560 (title) The lung fluke (Paragonimus westermanni) in swine and its relation to parasitic hemoptysis in man.
1931 Jrnl. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 78 229 (title) Lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus in American mink.
1937 Discovery Feb. 34/2 The lung-fluke disease, or paragonim[i]asis, of which they [sc. mitten crabs] are a carrier in China, does not really threaten Europe as yet.
1970 Black's Vet. Dict. (ed. 9) 516/1 Lung flukes attack cats, dogs, pigs, and man in the Far East and the United States.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > respiratory disorders
pantas1577
lung-grown1614
pleuropneumonia1671
lung-growing1704
lung-sickness1726
pleuroperipneumony1741
pleuro1863
lung-plague1884
peripneumonia1887
lung-sick1899
rhinotracheitis1955
1704 Dict. Rusticum Lungs-growing.
1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Lung's Growing, a Disease in Cattle.
1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Lunggrowing,..a disease in cattle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > respiratory disorders
pantas1577
lung-grown1614
pleuropneumonia1671
lung-growing1704
lung-sickness1726
pleuroperipneumony1741
pleuro1863
lung-plague1884
peripneumonia1887
lung-sick1899
rhinotracheitis1955
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 96 A beast, which is lung-growne, or hath his lungs growne to his side.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 96 Of the diseases in the Lungs, especially the Lung-growne.
lung-gymnastics n. ‘the exercise of the respiratory powers in a regular and orderly manner for the prevention or cure of disease’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 46 Lung gymnastics.
lung-juice n. serum from diseased lungs.
ΚΠ
1885 E. Klein Micro-org. 89 Blood, pericardial exudation, and lung juice from the fatal Nottingham case inoculated into ten animals..produced fatal results in six.
lung lichen n. = lungwort n. 5 (J. Smith Dict. Pop. Names Plants 1882).
lung-note n. the sound produced by tapping the chest of a healthy subject.
ΚΠ
1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 189 There was..an entire want of lung-note over the manubrium of the sternum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > wind-pipe
arberc1330
stroup1338
arterya1398
string1398
weasand1398
tracheac1400
thrapple?c1425
throat-goll1530
windpipe1530
weezle1538
weasand-pipe1544
throat pipe?1559
lung-pipe1562
whistlea1625
weezle-pipe1632
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [noun] > respiratory passages > bronchial tubes
lung-pipe1562
air pipe1668
bronchia1675
bronchus1706
bronchiole1866
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 35 Rosemary..openeth the lung pipes.
1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 88 Shall we be carried no further to Heaven, then..a lungpipe-pant can blow us?
lung-plague n. (in cattle) pleuro-pneumonia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > respiratory disorders
pantas1577
lung-grown1614
pleuropneumonia1671
lung-growing1704
lung-sickness1726
pleuroperipneumony1741
pleuro1863
lung-plague1884
peripneumonia1887
lung-sick1899
rhinotracheitis1955
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 60/1 Pleuro-Pneumonia or Lung-Plague.
lung-power n. power of voice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [noun] > power or range of voice
reach?1615
carry1859
lung-power1900
1900 J. Kirkwood United Presbyterians Ayr. iv. 34 He could exercise his lung power also in preaching.
lung-sick adj. and n. (a) adj. sick of a pulmonary complaint; (b) n. a disease of the lungs, pleuro-pneumonia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [adjective] > disorders of lungs > affected with
lung-sick?1530
pulmonarious1658
phthisicky1697
pulmonary1712
lungy1888
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > respiratory disorders
pantas1577
lung-grown1614
pleuropneumonia1671
lung-growing1704
lung-sickness1726
pleuroperipneumony1741
pleuro1863
lung-plague1884
peripneumonia1887
lung-sick1899
rhinotracheitis1955
?1530 Dialoges Creatures Moralysed xxvii. I He..was made both lungsyk and Reumatyke that he myght not occupye his accostomyd synnes.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Longe sycke, nneumonicus [sic].
1899 Strand Mag. Mar. 270/1 For ‘lung-sick’ had reduced the..team of sixteen to..five [bullocks].
lung-sickness n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > respiratory disorders
pantas1577
lung-grown1614
pleuropneumonia1671
lung-growing1704
lung-sickness1726
pleuroperipneumony1741
pleuro1863
lung-plague1884
peripneumonia1887
lung-sick1899
rhinotracheitis1955
1726 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 3) Lung Sickness.
1730–6 Bailey (fol.) Lung's Sickness.
1899 A. Werner Captain of Locusts 100 [He] had just had heavy losses..from the lung-sickness.
lung snail n. a snail of the order Pulmonata (see pulmonate n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > member of
snailc725
dodmana1563
pulmonian1839
pulmonate1842
lung snail1909
1909 Westm. Gaz. 26 June 15/2 The land and most of the freshwater snails belong to the lung snails, the gills being reduced to a mere vestige.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > disorders of lungs
lung-woec1420
pulmoniaa1425
lungsought?1523
pulmonic1596
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 50 The longe [v.r. longis] woo cometh oft of yvel eire.
lung-worm n. a parasite infesting the lungs of cattle (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Nemathelminthes > [noun] > class Nematoda > family Strongylidae > member of genus Stongylus > strongylus micrurus
lung-worm1882
1882 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 253 The Lung Worm [Strongylus micrurus] is often fatal to calves.
Draft additions September 2020
lung dart n. colloquial a cigarette; cf. dart n. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette
cigarito1832
paper cigar1833
cigarette1842
papelito1845
coffin-nailc1865
fag1885
butt1893
pill1901
scag1915
nail1925
quirly1932
tab1934
burn1941
draw1946
tube1946
snout1950
cancer stick1958
straight1959
ciggy1962
square1970
bifter1989
lung dart1990
dart2000
1990 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. 14 Nov. b8/5 Think of cigarettes the way a Denver comedian does: If it weren't for cigarettes and coffee, he says, he'd never have a hot breakfast. His affectionate term for cigarettes: lung darts.
2015 R. Kennedy Lucky & Lucy 115 He unsheathed a lung-dart..and fired it up. ‘Honey! You've got to stop smoking!’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.c1000