loutn.¹

Brit.

/laʊt/, U.S.

/laʊt/

Forms: Also 1500s loute, loughte, 1500s–1600s lowt(e.

Etymology: perhaps of dialectal origin, connected with lout v.¹ (compare Old Norse lút-r stooping) or lout v.²

1. An awkward ill-mannered fellow; a bumpkin, clown.

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > lout, oaf, booby > [noun]

lubber1362

looby1377

howfing?a1513

slouch?1518

bowberta1522

knuckylbonyarda1529

lob1533

lout1548

patch1549

hoballa1556

lilburnea1556

lobcocka1556

chub1558

hick1565

lourd1579

peasant1581

clown1583

lubbard1586

lumberer1593

lump1597

blooterc1600

boobyc1600

lob-coat1604

hoy1607

bacon-brainsa1635

alcatote1638

oaf1638

kelf1665

brute1670

dowf1722

gawky1724

chuckle1731

chuckle-head1731

John Trott1753

stega1823

lummoxa1825

gawk1837

country jakea1854

guffin1862

galoot1866

stot1877

lobster1896

mutt1900

palooka1920

schlub1950

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lout or boor > [noun]

carter1509

clumpertonc1534

club1542

pig1546

lout1548

clinchpoop1555

clout-shoe1563

loose-breech1575

hoyden1593

clunch1602

clod1607

camel1609

clusterfist1611

loon1619

Grobian1621

clota1637

hoyde1636

Hottentot1710

yahoo1726

polisson1866

mucker1884

bohunk1908

hairy ape1931

cafone1949

trog1956

oafo1959

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person

bearc1395

carter1509

kensy?a1513

clumpertonc1534

club1542

lout1548

clinchpoop1555

clout-shoe1563

loose-breech1575

clown1583

hoyden1593

boor1598

kill-courtesy1600

rustic1600

clunch1602

loblolly1604

camel1609

clusterfist1611

loon1619

Grobian1621

rough diamonda1625

hoyde1636

clodhopper1699

roughhead1726

indelicate1741

vulgarian1809

snob1838

vulgarist1847

yahoo1861

cave-dweller1865

polisson1866

mucker1884

caveman1907

wampus1912

yobbo1922

yenta1923

yob1927

rude1946

cafone1949

no-neck1961

ocker1971

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cx Callyng them, cowardes, dastardes, and loutes.

1565 A. Golding in tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis To Rdr. sig. *iiij The wyse, the foole: the countrie cloyne: the lerned, and the lout.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iv. 64 'Tis no trusting to yond foolish Lowt .

a1635 ‘T. Randall’ in Ann. Dubrensia (1636) sig. C3^v Ill thrive the Lowt, that did their mirth gaine-say.

1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated 20 Will any man say, a great Lout new whipt, is probably like to make a good Schollar.

c1720 M. Prior Old Gentry 4 His son, and his son's son, Were all but ploughmen, clowns and louts.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 19 A more uncouthly lout was hardly seen.

1871 T. Carlyle in J. W. Carlyle Lett. & Memorials (1883) I. 317 Her particularly stupid huge lout of a son.

1901 Longman's Mag. Apr. 546 That lout has actually dared to make love to me.

†2. In occasional use: A servant. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun]

esnec950

hindc1230

servant1340

servitor1419

ministrer?a1425

servera1425

myrona1450

obeisantc1475

servient1541

lout1567

squire1570

roguea1616

administer1677

minion1820

ancillary1867

sweater1900

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Ej Collected coyne is Lord or lowte To eche possessinge man.

1626 H. Spelman Glossarium at Leudes Anglis veteribus loute, pro seruiente et subdito.

3. Rugby School slang. A common fellow, ‘cad’.

ΚΠ

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 99 We never wear caps here. Only the louts wear caps.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 195 They would roar out instances of his..shirking some encounter with a lout of half his own size.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

loutn.²

Brit.

/laʊt/, U.S.

/laʊt/

Etymology: Compare clout n.¹

dialect.

A blow.

ΚΠ

c1650 Turke & Gowin 142 in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 95 Thou shalt see a tenisse ball that neuer knight in Arthurs hall is able to giue it a lout.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) I fetch'd him a lout upo' th' side o' th' heäd.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† loutn.³

Etymology: < lout v.¹

Obsolete.

An inclination, bend.

ΚΠ

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 44 Thair the land bowing the selfe be litle and litle, with a certane laich lout and bend with her bosum.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† loutn.⁴

Etymology: < lout v.⁴

Obsolete. rare.

A bellowing noise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > roar or bellow

roara1393

yellc1440

lout?a1500

rout1513

bellow1779

trumpet1850

?a1500 Chester Pl. vii. 172 Yender lad..The lowt [v.r. lowde (? = lude n.¹)] of this horne he shall heare.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

loutv.¹

Brit.

/laʊt/, U.S.

/laʊt/

Forms: Past tense and past participle louted. Now archaic, poetic and dialect. Forms: Old English lútan, Middle English luten, ( lutien), Orm. lutenn, Middle English lute ( lote, louȝte, lutte), Middle English–1600s loute, lowte, (Middle English loutte, lowth, lowtt), 1500s lewt(e, 1500s, 1800s Scottish loot, Middle English– lout. past tense. α. strong Old English léat, plural luton, Middle English leat, plural luten. β. weak Middle English lotte, ? lute, lowtede, Middle English lut(te, luted, Middle English–1500s lowted, Middle English– louted.

Etymology: Originally a strong verb, Old English lútan, past tense léat, plural luton, past participle loten, corresponding to Old Norse lúta, past tense lǫut, plural lutu, past participle lotenn (Swedish luta, Danish lude), < Germanic root *leut-: laut-: lūt- < pre-Germanic *leud-: loud-: lūd-. The primary sense of the root is probably that represented in this verb; it also appears in the senses ‘to lurk’ (see lote v.¹, lout v.², and compare the cognates there mentioned), ‘to deceive’ (as in Gothic liut-s hypocrite, lutōn to deceive, Old English lot deceit, lytegian to defraud) and ‘to be small’ (see little adj.). Outside Germanic, probable cognates are Lithuanian liūdeti to mourn, liûdnas sad, cast down, Old Church Slavonic luditi to deceive, ludŭ foolish.

a. intransitive. To bend, bow, make obeisance; also, to stoop. Occasionally reflexive; also with down.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey

loutc825

abowOE

bowa1000

kneel?a1000

kneec1000

crookc1320

to bow the knee1382

inclinec1390

crouchc1394

croukc1394

coucha1500

plya1500

to make or do courtesy1508

beck1535

to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548

curtsya1556

dopc1557

binge1562

jouk1567

beckon1578

benda1586

humblea1592

vaila1593

to scrape a leg1602

congee1606

to give the stoop1623

leg1628

scrape1645

to drop a curtsy1694

salaam1698

boba1794

dip1818

to make (also perform) a cheese1834

c825 Vesp. Psalter xciv. 6 Cumað weorðien we and forð luten we biforan god.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11392 Þe birrþ biforr þin laferrd godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn.

c1200 Laȝamon Brut 1880 Ofte hes luten a-dun.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) v. xii Foure fotid bestis, þat hauen hedes loutynge doun to þe erþewarde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11614 Þai þam luted vnder him.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5156 Hailsand forwit him þai lute.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 798 Loȝe he loutez hem to Loth to þe grounde.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) xxxvi. 144 The Steward..lowted downe, and thanked the Emperour of his grete mercy.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 253 Thar-with-all He lowtit [1489 Adv. lowtyt], and his leyf has tane.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 98 The archebisshop lowted to the swerde, and sawgh letteres of golde in the stiel.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. ix. 84 The Troiane prynce down lowtis hym abone.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7 He faire the knight saluted, louting low.

a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 403 The limber Knights..who..can kiss the Hand and lowt with more Grace.

1739 G. West Canto of Fairy Queen xli. 9 Tho' to that old Mage they louted down.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 737 Dinna loot wi' that lang back o' yours.

1891 A. Conan Doyle White Company iii I uncovered and louted as I passed.

b. Const. dative or till, to, unto: To bow or make obeisance to, reverence. †Also transitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to

lout971

abowOE

aloutc1390

obeishc1400

curtsy1566

cringe1609

leg1628

salaam1684

wreathe1730

bob1847

971 Blickl. Hom. 223 Sanctus Martinus..leat forð to ðæm men ðe hine slean mynte.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8961 & till hemm baþe he lutte. & bæh.

a1225 St. Marher. 12 Heo leat lahe to hire leoue lauerd.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 239 Þer com on of þe princes, and leat to him.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 306 Ȝif a frere be a mastir..he shal be loutid & worshipid.

c1480 (a1400) St. George 343 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 186 Þat scho suld god lofe & lowte.

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 926 Why lowtt ȝe nat low to my lawdabyll presens?

1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. B.i To me men lewte full lowe.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C3^v Thrise lowted lowly to the noble Mayd.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 78 All lowting lowe to him, him humbly they obserue.

1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. viii. 165 To Rokeby, next, he louted low, Then stood erect.

c. figurative. To bow, stoop, submit (to).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)]

onboweOE

bowa1000

abeyc1300

yielda1330

loutc1330

couchc1386

to come to a person's mercy?a1400

to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400

hielda1400

underlouta1400

foldc1400

to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405

subjectc1475

defer1479

avale1484

to come in1485

submita1525

stoop1530

subscribe1556

compromit1590

warpa1592

to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595

to come in will to a person1596

lead1607

knuckle1735

snool1786

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 282 Þe ildes aboute alle salle loute vnto þat lond.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2900 He ga[r]te þe grettest to hire prison louȝte.

c1500 Elegy on Henry 45 in Percy's Reliv. To whome grete astates obeyde and lowttede.

1568 C. Watson tr. Polybius Hystories f. 100 The Carthaginenses perceiving how they were not able at that present to cope with the Romans, louted for the time.

1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 132 ‘He ne'er can lout,’ I musing said, ‘To ply the fleeching, fawning trade.’

a1821 J. Keats Otho iii. i, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 151 Was't to this end I louted and became The menial of Mars?

2. transitive. To bow (the head); to let (the countenance) fall. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > head, face, or eyes

warpc1175

lout1297

to smite downa1350

to cast downc1374

embowc1440

droop1582

vail1586

upturn1667

slink1683

poke1852

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2479 Hengist vaire him þonkede & is heued lotte [v.r. lowtede] adoun.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16350 Iesus thoght ful mikel scam, and luted dun his cher.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† loutv.²

Brit.

/laʊt/, U.S.

/laʊt/

Forms: Old English lútian, Middle English lutien, Middle English lute(n, Middle English loute, lowt.

Etymology: Old English lútian weak verb = Old High German lûȥên (Middle High German lûȥen ) < Germanic root *leut- : laut- : lūt- (see lout v.¹); compare Old High German loscên ( < Old Germanic stem *lut-skæ̂- ) to lurk, lusk v.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To lurk, lie hid, skulk, sneak. Used both in material and immaterial sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > lurking, skulking > lurk, skulk [verb (intransitive)]

loutc825

atlutienc1000

darec1000

lotea1200

skulk?c1225

lurkc1300

luskc1330

tapisc1330

lurchc1420

filsnec1440

lour?c1450

slink?c1550

mitch1558

jouk1575

scout1577

scult1622

meecha1625

tappy1706

slive1707

slinge1747

snake1818

cavern1860

c825 Vesp. Hymns xiii. 26 Ðu wunda lutiendra god ætstondes lece.

c1000 Ælfric Joshua ii. 16 Farað eow nu..to muntum and lutiað þær þry dagas.

c1230 Hali Meid. 43 Ha [sc. prude] luteð iþe heorte.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 373 Þe hare luteþ al day, Ac noþeles i-seo he may, Ȝif [etc.].

c1250 Long Life 29 in Old Eng. Misc. 156 Ac deþ luteþ in his scho.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10733 Duden heom alle clane into þan scipen grunde. & hæhte heom þere lutie [c1300 Otho lotie] wel.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 107 For love is of himself so derne, It luteth in a mannes herte.

c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxx. ix Thus semeth well in armes a knight to dye, And not in bed to lye, loure, and loute, Tyll death hym kyll with paynes cruelly.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 378/2 Valeryan..fonde this holy man urbane lowtyng emonge the buryellys.

b. simply. To lie.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)]

resteOE

standOE

sitOE

liec1121

inhabitc1384

settlea1400

couchc1400

biga1425

loutc1460

residea1475

innc1475

contain1528

consist1542

seatc1580

situate1583

lodge1610

site1616

subsist1618

station1751

c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 579 Þey [fish] must be tekyn of as þey in þe dische lowt.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

loutv.³

Brit.

/laʊt/, U.S.

/laʊt/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s lowt(e.

Etymology: ? < lout n.¹

1. transitive. To treat with contumely, mock. (Cf. flout v.) Also, to lout (a person) out of (something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)]

teleeOE

laughOE

bismerc1000

heascenc1000

hethec1175

scornc1175

hokera1225

betell?c1225

scorn?c1225

forhushc1275

to make scorn at, toc1320

boba1382

bemow1388

lakea1400

bobby14..

triflea1450

japec1450

mock?c1450

mowc1485

to make (a) mock at?a1500

to make mocks at?a1500

scrip?a1513

illude1516

delude1526

deride1530

louta1547

to toy with ——1549–62

flout1551

skirp1568

knack1570

to fart against1574

frump1577

bourd1593

geck?a1600

scout1605

subsannate1606

railly1612

explode1618

subsannea1620

dor1655

monkeya1658

to make an ass of (someone)1680

ridicule1680

banter1682

to run one's rig upon1735

fun1811

to get the run upon1843

play1891

to poke mullock at1901

razz1918

flaunt1923

to get (or give) the razoo1926

to bust (a person's) chops1953

wolf1966

pimp1968

a1547 J. Redford Moral Play Wit & Sci. (1848) 41 So mokte, so lowted, so made a sot!

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. D.iiij He is louted and laughed to skorne, For the veriest dolte that euer was borne.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 258 b Here is no want of any thing nowe, but of some gyering Gnato, which may lowt this Thraso out of hys paynted coat.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xii. xxii. 91 She will finde, some sleight and pretie shift, With her accustom'd coynes him to lout.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. iii. 13 I am lowted by a Traitor Villaine, And cannot helpe the noble Cheualier.

c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 246 Egar..lay and heard her lowte him like a knaue.

2. intransitive. To act as a lout; to loll about.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > behave badly [verb (intransitive)] > behave in ill-mannered or unrefined way

to play the bear1579

lob1596

clown1600

vulgarize1605

swab1638

hoyden1709

lout1807

1807 Salmagundi 13 Feb. 56 Those sprigs of the ton..Who lounge, and who lout, and who booby about, No knowledge within, and no manners without.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† loutv.⁴

Forms: Also 1500s lowte.

Etymology: ? Echoic: compare rout v.⁴, low v.¹

Obsolete.

intransitive. To low or bellow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound

bellowc1000

lowOE

routc1475

boc1487

lout1530

mooc1550

mow1553

booa1555

blart1896

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 615/2 I lowte as a kowe or bull dothe.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Lout, to Low like a Cow, or Bellow like a Bull.

1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹1548

n.²c1650

n.³1596

n.⁴?a1500

v.¹c825

v.²c825

v.³a1547

v.⁴1530

单词	lout
释义	loutn.¹ Brit. /laʊt/, U.S. /laʊt/ Forms: Also 1500s loute, loughte, 1500s–1600s lowt(e. Etymology: perhaps of dialectal origin, connected with lout v.¹ (compare Old Norse lút-r stooping) or lout v.² 1. An awkward ill-mannered fellow; a bumpkin, clown. ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > lout, oaf, booby > [noun] lubber1362 looby1377 howfing?a1513 slouch?1518 bowberta1522 knuckylbonyarda1529 lob1533 lout1548 patch1549 hoballa1556 lilburnea1556 lobcocka1556 chub1558 hick1565 lourd1579 peasant1581 clown1583 lubbard1586 lumberer1593 lump1597 blooterc1600 boobyc1600 lob-coat1604 hoy1607 bacon-brainsa1635 alcatote1638 oaf1638 kelf1665 brute1670 dowf1722 gawky1724 chuckle1731 chuckle-head1731 John Trott1753 stega1823 lummoxa1825 gawk1837 country jakea1854 guffin1862 galoot1866 stot1877 lobster1896 mutt1900 palooka1920 schlub1950 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lout or boor > [noun] carter1509 clumpertonc1534 club1542 pig1546 lout1548 clinchpoop1555 clout-shoe1563 loose-breech1575 hoyden1593 clunch1602 clod1607 camel1609 clusterfist1611 loon1619 Grobian1621 clota1637 hoyde1636 Hottentot1710 yahoo1726 polisson1866 mucker1884 bohunk1908 hairy ape1931 cafone1949 trog1956 oafo1959 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person bearc1395 carter1509 kensy?a1513 clumpertonc1534 club1542 lout1548 clinchpoop1555 clout-shoe1563 loose-breech1575 clown1583 hoyden1593 boor1598 kill-courtesy1600 rustic1600 clunch1602 loblolly1604 camel1609 clusterfist1611 loon1619 Grobian1621 rough diamonda1625 hoyde1636 clodhopper1699 roughhead1726 indelicate1741 vulgarian1809 snob1838 vulgarist1847 yahoo1861 cave-dweller1865 polisson1866 mucker1884 caveman1907 wampus1912 yobbo1922 yenta1923 yob1927 rude1946 cafone1949 no-neck1961 ocker1971 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cx Callyng them, cowardes, dastardes, and loutes. 1565 A. Golding in tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis To Rdr. sig. iiij The wyse, the foole: the countrie cloyne: the lerned, and the lout. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona* (1623) iv. iv. 64 'Tis no trusting to yond foolish Lowt . View more context for this quotation a1635 ‘T. Randall’ in Ann. Dubrensia (1636) sig. C3^v Ill thrive the Lowt, that did their mirth gaine-say. 1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated 20 Will any man say, a great Lout new whipt, is probably like to make a good Schollar. c1720 M. Prior Old Gentry 4 His son, and his son's son, Were all but ploughmen, clowns and louts. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 19 A more uncouthly lout was hardly seen. 1871 T. Carlyle in J. W. Carlyle Lett. & Memorials (1883) I. 317 Her particularly stupid huge lout of a son. 1901 Longman's Mag. Apr. 546 That lout has actually dared to make love to me. †2. In occasional use: A servant. Obsolete. ΘΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] esnec950 hindc1230 servant1340 servitor1419 ministrer?a1425 servera1425 myrona1450 obeisantc1475 servient1541 lout1567 squire1570 roguea1616 administer1677 minion1820 ancillary1867 sweater1900 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Ej Collected coyne is Lord or lowte To eche possessinge man. 1626 H. Spelman Glossarium at Leudes Anglis veteribus loute, pro seruiente et subdito. 3. Rugby School slang. A common fellow, ‘cad’. ΚΠ 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 99 We never wear caps here. Only the louts wear caps. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 195 They would roar out instances of his..shirking some encounter with a lout of half his own size. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). loutn.² Brit. /laʊt/, U.S. /laʊt/ Etymology: Compare clout n.¹ dialect. A blow. ΚΠ c1650 Turke & Gowin 142 in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 95 Thou shalt see a tenisse ball that neuer knight in Arthurs hall is able to giue it a lout. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) I fetch'd him a lout upo' th' side o' th' heäd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † loutn.³ Etymology: < lout v.¹ Obsolete. An inclination, bend. ΚΠ 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 44 Thair the land bowing the selfe be litle and litle, with a certane laich lout and bend with her bosum. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † loutn.⁴ Etymology: < lout v.⁴ Obsolete. rare. A bellowing noise. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] > roar or bellow roara1393 yellc1440 lout?a1500 rout1513 bellow1779 trumpet1850 ?a1500 Chester Pl. vii. 172 Yender lad..The lowt [v.r. lowde (? = lude n.¹)] of this horne he shall heare. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021). loutv.¹ Brit. /laʊt/, U.S. /laʊt/ Forms: Past tense and past participle louted. Now archaic, poetic and dialect. Forms: Old English lútan, Middle English luten, ( lutien), Orm. lutenn, Middle English lute ( lote, louȝte, lutte), Middle English–1600s loute, lowte, (Middle English loutte, lowth, lowtt), 1500s lewt(e, 1500s, 1800s Scottish loot, Middle English– lout. past tense. α. strong Old English léat, plural luton, Middle English leat, plural luten. β. weak Middle English lotte, ? lute, lowtede, Middle English lut(te, luted, Middle English–1500s lowted, Middle English– louted. Etymology: Originally a strong verb, Old English lútan, past tense léat, plural luton, past participle loten, corresponding to Old Norse lúta, past tense lǫut, plural lutu, past participle lotenn (Swedish luta, Danish lude), < Germanic root leut-: laut-: lūt-* < pre-Germanic leud-: loud-: lūd-. The primary sense of the root is probably that represented in this verb; it also appears in the senses ‘to lurk’ (see lote v.¹, lout v.², and compare the cognates there mentioned), ‘to deceive’ (as in Gothic liut-s* hypocrite, lutōn to deceive, Old English lot deceit, lytegian to defraud) and ‘to be small’ (see little adj.). Outside Germanic, probable cognates are Lithuanian liūdeti to mourn, liûdnas sad, cast down, Old Church Slavonic luditi to deceive, ludŭ foolish. 1. a. intransitive. To bend, bow, make obeisance; also, to stoop. Occasionally reflexive; also with down. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > respect or show respect [verb (intransitive)] > bow, kneel, or curtsey loutc825 abowOE bowa1000 kneel?a1000 kneec1000 crookc1320 to bow the knee1382 inclinec1390 crouchc1394 croukc1394 coucha1500 plya1500 to make or do courtesy1508 beck1535 to make a (long, low, etc.) leg1548 curtsya1556 dopc1557 binge1562 jouk1567 beckon1578 benda1586 humblea1592 vaila1593 to scrape a leg1602 congee1606 to give the stoop1623 leg1628 scrape1645 to drop a curtsy1694 salaam1698 boba1794 dip1818 to make (also perform) a cheese1834 c825 Vesp. Psalter xciv. 6 Cumað weorðien we and forð luten we biforan god. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11392 Þe birrþ biforr þin laferrd godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn. c1200 Laȝamon Brut 1880 Ofte hes luten a-dun. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS) v. xii Foure fotid bestis, þat hauen hedes loutynge doun to þe erþewarde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11614 Þai þam luted vnder him. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5156 Hailsand forwit him þai lute. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 798 Loȝe he loutez hem to Loth to þe grounde. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) xxxvi. 144 The Steward..lowted downe, and thanked the Emperour of his grete mercy. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 253 Thar-with-all He lowtit [1489 Adv. lowtyt], and his leyf has tane. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 98 The archebisshop lowted to the swerde, and sawgh letteres of golde in the stiel. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. ix. 84 The Troiane prynce down lowtis hym abone. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7 He faire the knight saluted, louting low. a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 403 The limber Knights..who..can kiss the Hand and lowt with more Grace. 1739 G. West Canto of Fairy Queen xli. 9 Tho' to that old Mage they louted down. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 737 Dinna loot wi' that lang back o' yours. 1891 A. Conan Doyle White Company iii I uncovered and louted as I passed. b. Const. dative or till, to, unto: To bow or make obeisance to, reverence. †Also transitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > show respect for > bow or curtsey to lout971 abowOE aloutc1390 obeishc1400 curtsy1566 cringe1609 leg1628 salaam1684 wreathe1730 bob1847 971 Blickl. Hom. 223 Sanctus Martinus..leat forð to ðæm men ðe hine slean mynte. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8961 & till hemm baþe he lutte. & bæh. a1225 St. Marher. 12 Heo leat lahe to hire leoue lauerd. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 239 Þer com on of þe princes, and leat to him. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 306 Ȝif a frere be a mastir..he shal be loutid & worshipid. c1480 (a1400) St. George 343 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 186 Þat scho suld god lofe & lowte. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 926 Why lowtt ȝe nat low to my lawdabyll presens? 1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. B.i To me men lewte full lowe. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C3^v Thrise lowted lowly to the noble Mayd. View more context for this quotation 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. 78 All lowting lowe to him, him humbly they obserue. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby iv. viii. 165 To Rokeby, next, he louted low, Then stood erect. c. figurative. To bow, stoop, submit (to). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)] onboweOE bowa1000 abeyc1300 yielda1330 loutc1330 couchc1386 to come to a person's mercy?a1400 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400 hielda1400 underlouta1400 foldc1400 to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405 subjectc1475 defer1479 avale1484 to come in1485 submita1525 submita1525 stoop1530 subscribe1556 compromit1590 warpa1592 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to come in will to a person1596 lead1607 knuckle1735 snool1786 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 282 Þe ildes aboute alle salle loute vnto þat lond. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2900 He ga[r]te þe grettest to hire prison louȝte. c1500 Elegy on Henry 45 in Percy's Reliv. To whome grete astates obeyde and lowttede. 1568 C. Watson tr. Polybius Hystories f. 100 The Carthaginenses perceiving how they were not able at that present to cope with the Romans, louted for the time. 1801 H. Macneill Poet. Wks. II. 132 ‘He ne'er can lout,’ I musing said, ‘To ply the fleeching, fawning trade.’ a1821 J. Keats Otho iii. i, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 151 Was't to this end I louted and became The menial of Mars? 2. transitive. To bow (the head); to let (the countenance) fall. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (transitive)] > head, face, or eyes warpc1175 lout1297 to smite downa1350 to cast downc1374 embowc1440 droop1582 vail1586 upturn1667 slink1683 poke1852 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2479 Hengist vaire him þonkede & is heued lotte [v.r. lowtede] adoun. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16350 Iesus thoght ful mikel scam, and luted dun his cher. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † loutv.² Brit. /laʊt/, U.S. /laʊt/ Forms: Old English lútian, Middle English lutien, Middle English lute(n, Middle English loute, lowt. Etymology: Old English lútian weak verb = Old High German lûȥên (Middle High German lûȥen ) < Germanic root leut- : laut-* : lūt- (see lout v.¹); compare Old High German loscên ( < Old Germanic stem lut-skæ̂- ) to lurk, lusk v. Obsolete. a. intransitive. To lurk, lie hid, skulk, sneak. Used both in material and immaterial sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > lurking, skulking > lurk, skulk [verb (intransitive)] loutc825 atlutienc1000 darec1000 lotea1200 skulk?c1225 lurkc1300 luskc1330 tapisc1330 lurchc1420 filsnec1440 lour?c1450 slink?c1550 mitch1558 jouk1575 scout1577 scult1622 meecha1625 tappy1706 slive1707 slinge1747 snake1818 cavern1860 c825 Vesp. Hymns* xiii. 26 Ðu wunda lutiendra god ætstondes lece. c1000 Ælfric Joshua ii. 16 Farað eow nu..to muntum and lutiað þær þry dagas. c1230 Hali Meid. 43 Ha [sc. prude] luteð iþe heorte. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 373 Þe hare luteþ al day, Ac noþeles i-seo he may, Ȝif [etc.]. c1250 Long Life 29 in Old Eng. Misc. 156 Ac deþ luteþ in his scho. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10733 Duden heom alle clane into þan scipen grunde. & hæhte heom þere lutie [c1300 Otho lotie] wel. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 107 For love is of himself so derne, It luteth in a mannes herte. c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxx. ix Thus semeth well in armes a knight to dye, And not in bed to lye, loure, and loute, Tyll death hym kyll with paynes cruelly. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 378/2 Valeryan..fonde this holy man urbane lowtyng emonge the buryellys. b. simply. To lie. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)] resteOE standOE sitOE liec1121 inhabitc1384 settlea1400 couchc1400 biga1425 loutc1460 residea1475 innc1475 contain1528 consist1542 seatc1580 situate1583 lodge1610 site1616 subsist1618 station1751 c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 579 Þey [fish] must be tekyn of as þey in þe dische lowt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). loutv.³ Brit. /laʊt/, U.S. /laʊt/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s lowt(e. Etymology: ? < lout n.¹ 1. transitive. To treat with contumely, mock. (Cf. flout v.) Also, to lout (a person) out of (something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)] teleeOE laughOE bismerc1000 heascenc1000 hethec1175 scornc1175 hokera1225 betell?c1225 scorn?c1225 forhushc1275 to make scorn at, toc1320 boba1382 bemow1388 lakea1400 bobby14.. triflea1450 japec1450 mock?c1450 mowc1485 to make (a) mock at?a1500 to make mocks at?a1500 scrip?a1513 illude1516 delude1526 deride1530 louta1547 to toy with ——1549–62 flout1551 skirp1568 knack1570 to fart against1574 frump1577 bourd1593 geck?a1600 scout1605 subsannate1606 railly1612 explode1618 subsannea1620 dor1655 monkeya1658 to make an ass of (someone)1680 ridicule1680 banter1682 to run one's rig upon1735 fun1811 to get the run upon1843 play1891 to poke mullock at1901 razz1918 flaunt1923 to get (or give) the razoo1926 to bust (a person's) chops1953 wolf1966 pimp1968 a1547 J. Redford Moral Play Wit & Sci. (1848) 41 So mokte, so lowted, so made a sot! a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. D.iiij He is louted and laughed to skorne, For the veriest dolte that euer was borne. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 258 b Here is no want of any thing nowe, but of some gyering Gnato, which may lowt this Thraso out of hys paynted coat. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xii. xxii. 91 She will finde, some sleight and pretie shift, With her accustom'd coynes him to lout. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. iii. 13 I am lowted by a Traitor Villaine, And cannot helpe the noble Cheualier. View more context for this quotation c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 246 Egar..lay and heard her lowte him like a knaue. 2. intransitive. To act as a lout; to loll about. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > behave badly [verb (intransitive)] > behave in ill-mannered or unrefined way to play the bear1579 lob1596 clown1600 vulgarize1605 swab1638 hoyden1709 lout1807 1807 Salmagundi 13 Feb. 56 Those sprigs of the ton..Who lounge, and who lout, and who booby about, No knowledge within, and no manners without. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † loutv.⁴ Forms: Also 1500s lowte. Etymology: ? Echoic: compare rout v.⁴, low v.¹ Obsolete. intransitive. To low or bellow. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound bellowc1000 lowOE routc1475 boc1487 lout1530 mooc1550 mow1553 booa1555 blart1896 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 615/2 I lowte as a kowe or bull dothe. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Lout, to Low like a Cow, or Bellow like a Bull. 1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹1548n.²c1650n.³1596n.⁴?a1500v.¹c825v.²c825v.³a1547v.⁴1530
随便看	tetracoccous tetracoccus tetracolic tetracolon tetracoral tetracoralline tetracosactrin tetracotylean tetracrepid tetracron tetract tetractinal tetractine tetractinellid tetractinellidan tetractinelline tetractinose tetracts tetractys tetractysm tetracyclic tetracycline tetracyclines tetrad tetrad metal

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