availableadj.

Brit.

/əˈveɪləbl/, U.S.

/əˈveɪləb(ə)l/

Forms:

α. late Middle English availeabill, late Middle English availlable, late Middle English avaylabull, late Middle English avayllable, late Middle English avaylleable, late Middle English–1500s auayllable, late Middle English–1600s auailable, late Middle English–1600s auaylable, late Middle English–1600s auayleable, late Middle English–1600s avaylable, late Middle English–1600s avayleable, late Middle English– available, 1500s–1600s auaileable, 1500s–1600s availeable.

β. late Middle English advailable, late Middle English advaileable, 1500s aduaylable.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: avail v., -able suffix.

Etymology: Probably < avail v. + -able suffix. Compare vailable adj.With sense 3 compare (rare) Anglo-Norman availlable advantageous (1425–39 in the Rolls of Parliament; not attested in continental French), probably < availler , avaloir (see avail v.) + -able -able suffix, after vaillable vailable adj. With the β. forms compare γ. forms at avail v. and discussion at that entry.

1. Law.

a. Valid, lawful. Cf. vailable adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [adjective] > legally valid

authentica1387

vailable1433

available1451

mightyc1460

stronga1475

very1475

authentical?1531

valid1571

validate1586

forcible1587

validous1603

1417 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) II. 237 (MED) Oure commissioun is noȝt availlable.

1449 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 237 (MED) I, Richard Andrew..by wey of solempne Protestation (which I wol be taken in wey and fourme most advailable in the Lawe) Sey, Open, and Declare.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 453 After which the bill is held as confessed and au [a] ileable.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 275 And all charges by him lawfully made..shall be good and available in law.

1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. v. 169 Leasehold interests became rights of property (or rights available not only against the lessor, but also against all the world).

2012 S. S. Gulsahn Business Law (ed. 4) ii. 23 It is only when proprietary interest is available against the whole world, that it would be known as ‘property’.

†b. With for, to, unto. Of legal benefit or advantage to someone; legally applicable to someone or something. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1440 Early Chancery Proc. (P.R.O.: C 1/9/424) To make the recorde of that sewte of dette avaylabull for the seid William and Thomas in enforsyng of there purpose.

1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §40. m. 30 Þat our seid graunte, confirmacion, or eny othir lettres patentez, be unto þe seid George effectuall and avaylable.

1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §9. m. 18 That the same lettres patentes..be goode and available to the same Alice and to hir heires.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xliii^v A reles is not auaylable to the tenaunt..but where a pryuytye is bytwene hym & hym that releseth.

1656 tr. R. Hutton Reports 76 Richardson to the contrary, and said that the payment without Suit, was for the advantage of the Obligee, to be sure of his money, and may be more available to him at this time, then the forfeiture afterwards.

†2. Capable of producing a desired result; effectual. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective]

frameeOE

goodeOE

mightyOE

vailanta1325

sicker1338

mightful1340

suffisant1340

virtuousa1387

effectivea1398

effectuala1398

worthya1398

availingc1420

effectuous?a1425

operant?a1425

substantialc1449

virtual?a1475

substantious1483

available1502

efficacious1528

energial1528

working1532

operatory1551

operatoriousa1555

stately1567

feckful1568

efficace?1572

shifty1585

operative1590

instrumental1601

efficable1607

speeding1612

effectuating1615

officious1618

availsome1619

prevailable1624

valid1651

perficient1659

affectuous1664

implemental1676

virtual1760

efficient1787

sufficient1831

slick1833

roadworthy1837

practician1863

positive1903

performant1977

c1443 [implied in: R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 7 Forwhi for ech such seid kinde of grace to be had, preier may be maad availabili. (at availably adv. 1)].

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iii. v. sig. q.iiii^v That wyll make his prayers auaylable.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iii. 56 That the masse is a sacrifice auaileable for quicke and dead.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. iii. 63 That oyle..being as auailable against the falling sicknesse as vitriol.

1753 W. Whately Direct. Married Persons 15 Whereas Marriage is instituted in Part for the subduing of inordinate Desires, it cannot be available for that Purpose, unless the Lord give it that Efficacy.

1802 J. Allen Spiritual Mag. I. 149 The obedience of Christ..by virtue of this union, is so glorious and available, that it secures for ever the justification of all them that believe.

†3. Advantageous; beneficial, useful; profitable. Frequently with for, to, or unto indicating the person or thing benefited. Cf. vailable adj. 1. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective]

fremefulc1000

i-duȝea1250

hendyc1275

begetela1325

profitablea1325

speedful1340

worth1340

speedyc1380

behoveful1382

fructuousc1386

fruitfulc1386

vailable1390

availantc1420

availingc1420

commodious1420

commodous?1440

available1474

behovablea1475

advantageousc1485

profitly1485

beneficiala1513

advantageable1548

sanative1548

gainful1555

vantageable1570

vantageous?1572

gainy1573

comfortable1576

conducent1578

advantageous1591

bootful1594

availful1598

conducible?1611

commoditous1621

conducing1624

conduceful1635

proficuousa1642

proficaciousa1660

beneficenta1676

conducive1710

benefactory1744

benignant1791

sanatorya1832

beneficiary1836

1444 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) V. 121/2 He shall not..yeve no maner Counsell unto the seid Baillifs..but such as to his conscience may be most profitable and available unto the seid Baillifs.

c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1855 (MED) In ded watir..ffissh norhisshid is vnprofitable, And vnto kynde not avayllable.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 61 To be pietous in herte..is auailable to all thinge.

a1533 J. Frith Against Rastel (?1535–6) sig. Cviii^v The fourthe errour that he layethe agaynste me is that I wolde perswade the people that good workes are nothynge auaylable.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 13 It shall be wonderfull auaileable for him to reade Histories.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. vii. §1. 294 His Mother Veturia, and Volumnia his wife..were more auaileable to Rome, then was any force of armes.

1826 R. J. Wilmot Horton W. India Question practically Considered 92 His compensation for the loss of the manumitted slave ought to be..a definite proportion of the value of the estate as a Sugar Plantation, deducting its value for any other available purpose of cultivation.

1836 Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 389 Where fair argument is available to his view of the question, he is not only sure to press it into his service, but he does not have recourse to sophistry.

4. Able to be used, obtained, or selected; at one's disposal.In early use sometimes with the sense ‘able to be used advantageously or beneficially’ and therefore difficult to differentiate from sense 3.In 19th cent. use frequently attributive. Now more commonly used predicatively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > usable > available

openc1390

disposable1643

available1827

1800 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 317/2 With a view to render the distribution of prize-money an available resource for the immediate supply of specie to the army.

1818 Most Severe Case Thomas Chapman 1 The great and valuable discovery of making the Fur of the South Sea Seal Skins available to our manufacturers..is the invention of Mr. Thomas Chapman.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §12. 86 We spent every available hour upon the ice.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. 386 There was no available candidate of the old princely line.

1901 Western Daily Press 4 Apr. 5/4 Lord Hopetoun..made his entrêe into Melbourne..just when the final electoral results from the outlying States became available.

1950 Vogue Sept. 64 (advt.) The classic B. H. Wragge shirt, long-sleeved, front-pleated and buttoned with tiny gold sticks. Shown in white rayon crepe. Available in other colors.

1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 682/1 In the USA, theses are readily available either on microfilm or as photocopies.

1991 Connecticut Environment Mar. 12/2 Water conservation and other means of controlling the growth in water withdrawals may be the only available option to meet future supply needs.

2019 Ọ. Ogunbiyi in C. Kwakye & Ọ. Ogunbiyi Taking up Space 94 The online resource pool is available for staff everywhere.

5. U.S. Politics. Of a political candidate: likely to succeed in gaining office, irrespective of ability, because of political associations, personal popularity, etc.

ΚΠ

1831 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 6 Sept. In the Senate, he would not be the less attractive and available as a candidate for the Chief Magistracy.

1837 Baltimore Commerc. Transcript 20 June (Suppl.) 2/2 The New York papers are discussing whether the most talented, or the most available man, should be rëelected as candidate for the next presidency.

1941 National Labor Tribune 22 Mar. 2/1 Opinions expressed here indicate that Michael L. Benedum, the Pittsburgh multi-millionaire oil man, is the most available candidate for the Democratic party for governor.

2008 G. Ecelbarger Great Comeback x. 213 Davis had been confident that Pennsylvania would eventually come over to Lincoln's side as the most available candidate to nominate.

a. Of a person: not otherwise occupied; free to do something. Frequently with for or infinitive, indicating the action, task, etc., undertaken.

ΚΠ

1838 Rear-Admiral W. Parker in Rep. Commissioners Naval & Mil. Promotion & Retirement 145 in Parl. Papers (1840) XXII. 1 After six years' service, supposing you keep these men in the service, and supposing that they are available for you ever afterwards.

1925 A. S. M. Hutchinson One Increasing Purpose i. xx Miss Glade is one of my emergency-calls. I get her when I want her, if she is available.

1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 19 May 4/2 A ministry official who is in charge of the juvenile schools was not available for comment yesterday.

2020 C. Atkins Bit of Stretch x. 245 In many cases there is no one available to escort prisoners to in-prison clinics.

b. colloquial. Of a person: free or willing to enter into a romantic or sexual relationship; not in a relationship at a given time; unattached.

ΚΠ

1944 W. White Psychol. in Living xxii. 306 A young man who has a fixation upon his mother may fail to marry because of being unable to find an available woman resembling her.

?1949 G. B. Shaw Farfetched Fables (private ed.) i. 4 It is odd that so many attractive women are unmarried... Why wont [sic] you marry? I am available.

1973 E. Jong Fear of Flying (1974) i. 16 The world seems crammed with available, interesting men.

2008 M. Reilly Second Chances (2009) xxxii. 208 It seems a lot of women out there want to know if you're available.

Compounds

available energy n. the (quantity of) energy provided by or to a system, process, etc., that can be made use of or converted into some other form of energy; esp. the energy in a system that can be converted into work.Cf. free energy n., and in particular Helmholtz free energy n.

ΚΠ

1855 Papers on Duties Corps Royal Engineers New Ser. IV. 138 The resistance of the liquid had..increased 18 per cent., and the electro-motive force 1 per cent.; but the two together had reduced the available energy of the battery from 775½ to 753⅓.

1871 J. C. Maxwell Theory of Heat xii. 186 Only a part of the whole intrinsic energy of the system is capable of being converted into mechanical work by actions going on within the vessel, and without any communication with external space... This part is sometimes called the Available Energy of the System.

1935 Discovery May 133/2 The universe is..moving inevitably from a state of high organisation and available energy to one of low organisation and ‘unusable’ energy.

1964 H. H. Mitchell Compar. Nutrition Man & Domestic Animals II. xviii. 480 In terms commonly used in human nutrition, the fuel value or available energy in the diet would be 2745 cal.

2015 M. H. Siddiqui et al. Nanotechnol. & Plant Sci. ii. 29 Plants convert only 2–4 % of the available energy in radiation into new plant growth.

available light n. Photography the natural light falling on a subject; also as a modifier, designating photography performed without additional illumination, often in poor lighting conditions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > type of light

raking light1857

contre-jour1921

key light1941

back-lighting1950

1950 Pop. Photogr. Mar. 50/1 Even when the level of available light is hopelessly low, and flash must be used, it is being employed to reinforce existing lighting rather than to create new, dramatic effects of its own.

1956 A. L. M. Sowerby Dict. Photogr. (ed. 18) 47 Available light photography, a rather ambiguous term for photography, without flash or extra lighting, in conditions where the light is so poor that a need for flash might be expected.

2013 J. Gerlach & B. Gerlach Digital Wildlife Photogr. viii. 175/2 Use that combination of available light and flash exposure for the rest of the images you shoot of the hummingbird.

available water n. the water that can potentially be absorbed (chiefly from the soil) by plant roots; spec. the amount of water held in the soil between field capacity and a level at which a plant will wilt.

ΚΠ

1855 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 231 All the available water of plants, leaving out the sea-weeds, comes from the air in the form of rain.

1932 Circular U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 200 12 The capacity for available water is only slightly less in a sandy soil than in a clay soil, though the field-carrying capacity of the former may be very much lower than that of the latter.

2019 Southeast Farm Press (Nexis) 2 Jan. In general, coarse textured soils can have roughly 0.5 inches of available water per foot of soil depth and silt loam soils have roughly 2 inches of available water per foot of depth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

单词	available
释义	availableadj. Brit. /əˈveɪləbl/, U.S. /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ Forms: α. late Middle English availeabill, late Middle English availlable, late Middle English avaylabull, late Middle English avayllable, late Middle English avaylleable, late Middle English–1500s auayllable, late Middle English–1600s auailable, late Middle English–1600s auaylable, late Middle English–1600s auayleable, late Middle English–1600s avaylable, late Middle English–1600s avayleable, late Middle English– available, 1500s–1600s auaileable, 1500s–1600s availeable. β. late Middle English advailable, late Middle English advaileable, 1500s aduaylable. Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: avail v., -able suffix. Etymology: Probably < avail v. + -able suffix. Compare vailable adj.With sense 3 compare (rare) Anglo-Norman availlable advantageous (1425–39 in the Rolls of Parliament; not attested in continental French), probably < availler , avaloir (see avail v.) + -able -able suffix, after vaillable vailable adj. With the β. forms compare γ. forms at avail v. and discussion at that entry. 1. Law. a. Valid, lawful. Cf. vailable adj. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [adjective] > legally valid authentica1387 vailable1433 available1451 mightyc1460 stronga1475 very1475 authentical?1531 valid1571 validate1586 forcible1587 validous1603 1417 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) II. 237 (MED) Oure commissioun is noȝt availlable. 1449 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 237 (MED) I, Richard Andrew..by wey of solempne Protestation (which I wol be taken in wey and fourme most advailable in the Lawe) Sey, Open, and Declare. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 453 After which the bill is held as confessed and au [a] ileable. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 275 And all charges by him lawfully made..shall be good and available in law. 1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. v. 169 Leasehold interests became rights of property (or rights available not only against the lessor, but also against all the world). 2012 S. S. Gulsahn Business Law (ed. 4) ii. 23 It is only when proprietary interest is available against the whole world, that it would be known as ‘property’. †b. With for, to, unto. Of legal benefit or advantage to someone; legally applicable to someone or something. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1440 Early Chancery Proc. (P.R.O.: C 1/9/424) To make the recorde of that sewte of dette avaylabull for the seid William and Thomas in enforsyng of there purpose. 1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §40. m. 30 Þat our seid graunte, confirmacion, or eny othir lettres patentez, be unto þe seid George effectuall and avaylable. 1473–4 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 2nd Roll §9. m. 18 That the same lettres patentes..be goode and available to the same Alice and to hir heires. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xliii^v A reles is not auaylable to the tenaunt..but where a pryuytye is bytwene hym & hym that releseth. 1656 tr. R. Hutton Reports 76 Richardson to the contrary, and said that the payment without Suit, was for the advantage of the Obligee, to be sure of his money, and may be more available to him at this time, then the forfeiture afterwards. †2. Capable of producing a desired result; effectual. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] frameeOE goodeOE mightyOE vailanta1325 sicker1338 mightful1340 suffisant1340 virtuousa1387 effectivea1398 effectuala1398 worthya1398 availingc1420 effectuous?a1425 operant?a1425 substantialc1449 virtual?a1475 substantious1483 available1502 efficacious1528 energial1528 working1532 operatory1551 operatoriousa1555 stately1567 feckful1568 efficace?1572 shifty1585 operative1590 instrumental1601 efficable1607 speeding1612 effectuating1615 officious1618 availsome1619 prevailable1624 valid1651 perficient1659 affectuous1664 implemental1676 virtual1760 efficient1787 sufficient1831 slick1833 roadworthy1837 practician1863 positive1903 performant1977 c1443 [implied in: R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 7 Forwhi for ech such seid kinde of grace to be had, preier may be maad availabili. (at availably adv. 1)]. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iii. v. sig. q.iiii^v That wyll make his prayers auaylable. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iii. 56 That the masse is a sacrifice auaileable for quicke and dead. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. iii. 63 That oyle..being as auailable against the falling sicknesse as vitriol. 1753 W. Whately Direct. Married Persons 15 Whereas Marriage is instituted in Part for the subduing of inordinate Desires, it cannot be available for that Purpose, unless the Lord give it that Efficacy. 1802 J. Allen Spiritual Mag. I. 149 The obedience of Christ..by virtue of this union, is so glorious and available, that it secures for ever the justification of all them that believe. †3. Advantageous; beneficial, useful; profitable. Frequently with for, to, or unto indicating the person or thing benefited. Cf. vailable adj. 1. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] fremefulc1000 i-duȝea1250 hendyc1275 begetela1325 profitablea1325 speedful1340 worth1340 speedyc1380 behoveful1382 fructuousc1386 fruitfulc1386 vailable1390 availantc1420 availingc1420 commodious1420 commodous?1440 available1474 behovablea1475 advantageousc1485 profitly1485 beneficiala1513 advantageable1548 sanative1548 gainful1555 vantageable1570 vantageous?1572 gainy1573 comfortable1576 conducent1578 advantageous1591 bootful1594 availful1598 conducible?1611 commoditous1621 conducing1624 conduceful1635 proficuousa1642 proficaciousa1660 beneficenta1676 conducive1710 benefactory1744 benignant1791 sanatorya1832 beneficiary1836 1444 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) V. 121/2 He shall not..yeve no maner Counsell unto the seid Baillifs..but such as to his conscience may be most profitable and available unto the seid Baillifs. c1450 Contin. Lydgate's Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1855 (MED) In ded watir..ffissh norhisshid is vnprofitable, And vnto kynde not avayllable. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 61 To be pietous in herte..is auailable to all thinge. a1533 J. Frith Against Rastel (?1535–6) sig. Cviii^v The fourthe errour that he layethe agaynste me is that I wolde perswade the people that good workes are nothynge auaylable. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 13 It shall be wonderfull auaileable for him to reade Histories. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. vii. §1. 294 His Mother Veturia, and Volumnia his wife..were more auaileable to Rome, then was any force of armes. 1826 R. J. Wilmot Horton W. India Question practically Considered 92 His compensation for the loss of the manumitted slave ought to be..a definite proportion of the value of the estate as a Sugar Plantation, deducting its value for any other available purpose of cultivation. 1836 Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 389 Where fair argument is available to his view of the question, he is not only sure to press it into his service, but he does not have recourse to sophistry. 4. Able to be used, obtained, or selected; at one's disposal.In early use sometimes with the sense ‘able to be used advantageously or beneficially’ and therefore difficult to differentiate from sense 3.In 19th cent. use frequently attributive. Now more commonly used predicatively. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > usable > available openc1390 disposable1643 available1827 1800 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 317/2 With a view to render the distribution of prize-money an available resource for the immediate supply of specie to the army. 1818 Most Severe Case Thomas Chapman 1 The great and valuable discovery of making the Fur of the South Sea Seal Skins available to our manufacturers..is the invention of Mr. Thomas Chapman. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §12. 86 We spent every available hour upon the ice. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. 386 There was no available candidate of the old princely line. 1901 Western Daily Press 4 Apr. 5/4 Lord Hopetoun..made his entrêe into Melbourne..just when the final electoral results from the outlying States became available. 1950 Vogue Sept. 64 (advt.) The classic B. H. Wragge shirt, long-sleeved, front-pleated and buttoned with tiny gold sticks. Shown in white rayon crepe. Available in other colors. 1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 682/1 In the USA, theses are readily available either on microfilm or as photocopies. 1991 Connecticut Environment Mar. 12/2 Water conservation and other means of controlling the growth in water withdrawals may be the only available option to meet future supply needs. 2019 Ọ. Ogunbiyi in C. Kwakye & Ọ. Ogunbiyi Taking up Space 94 The online resource pool is available for staff everywhere. 5. U.S. Politics. Of a political candidate: likely to succeed in gaining office, irrespective of ability, because of political associations, personal popularity, etc. ΚΠ 1831 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 6 Sept. In the Senate, he would not be the less attractive and available as a candidate for the Chief Magistracy. 1837 Baltimore Commerc. Transcript 20 June (Suppl.) 2/2 The New York papers are discussing whether the most talented, or the most available man, should be rëelected as candidate for the next presidency. 1941 National Labor Tribune 22 Mar. 2/1 Opinions expressed here indicate that Michael L. Benedum, the Pittsburgh multi-millionaire oil man, is the most available candidate for the Democratic party for governor. 2008 G. Ecelbarger Great Comeback x. 213 Davis had been confident that Pennsylvania would eventually come over to Lincoln's side as the most available candidate to nominate. 6. a. Of a person: not otherwise occupied; free to do something. Frequently with for or infinitive, indicating the action, task, etc., undertaken. ΚΠ 1838 Rear-Admiral W. Parker in Rep. Commissioners Naval & Mil. Promotion & Retirement 145 in Parl. Papers (1840) XXII. 1 After six years' service, supposing you keep these men in the service, and supposing that they are available for you ever afterwards. 1925 A. S. M. Hutchinson One Increasing Purpose i. xx Miss Glade is one of my emergency-calls. I get her when I want her, if she is available. 1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 19 May 4/2 A ministry official who is in charge of the juvenile schools was not available for comment yesterday. 2020 C. Atkins Bit of Stretch x. 245 In many cases there is no one available to escort prisoners to in-prison clinics. b. colloquial. Of a person: free or willing to enter into a romantic or sexual relationship; not in a relationship at a given time; unattached. ΚΠ 1944 W. White Psychol. in Living xxii. 306 A young man who has a fixation upon his mother may fail to marry because of being unable to find an available woman resembling her. ?1949 G. B. Shaw Farfetched Fables (private ed.) i. 4 It is odd that so many attractive women are unmarried... Why wont [sic] you marry? I am available. 1973 E. Jong Fear of Flying (1974) i. 16 The world seems crammed with available, interesting men. 2008 M. Reilly Second Chances (2009) xxxii. 208 It seems a lot of women out there want to know if you're available. Compounds available energy n. the (quantity of) energy provided by or to a system, process, etc., that can be made use of or converted into some other form of energy; esp. the energy in a system that can be converted into work.Cf. free energy n., and in particular Helmholtz free energy n. ΚΠ 1855 Papers on Duties Corps Royal Engineers New Ser. IV. 138 The resistance of the liquid had..increased 18 per cent., and the electro-motive force 1 per cent.; but the two together had reduced the available energy of the battery from 775½ to 753⅓. 1871 J. C. Maxwell Theory of Heat xii. 186 Only a part of the whole intrinsic energy of the system is capable of being converted into mechanical work by actions going on within the vessel, and without any communication with external space... This part is sometimes called the Available Energy of the System. 1935 Discovery May 133/2 The universe is..moving inevitably from a state of high organisation and available energy to one of low organisation and ‘unusable’ energy. 1964 H. H. Mitchell Compar. Nutrition Man & Domestic Animals II. xviii. 480 In terms commonly used in human nutrition, the fuel value or available energy in the diet would be 2745 cal. 2015 M. H. Siddiqui et al. Nanotechnol. & Plant Sci. ii. 29 Plants convert only 2–4 % of the available energy in radiation into new plant growth. available light n. Photography the natural light falling on a subject; also as a modifier, designating photography performed without additional illumination, often in poor lighting conditions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > type of light raking light1857 contre-jour1921 key light1941 back-lighting1950 1950 Pop. Photogr. Mar. 50/1 Even when the level of available light is hopelessly low, and flash must be used, it is being employed to reinforce existing lighting rather than to create new, dramatic effects of its own. 1956 A. L. M. Sowerby Dict. Photogr. (ed. 18) 47 Available light photography, a rather ambiguous term for photography, without flash or extra lighting, in conditions where the light is so poor that a need for flash might be expected. 2013 J. Gerlach & B. Gerlach Digital Wildlife Photogr. viii. 175/2 Use that combination of available light and flash exposure for the rest of the images you shoot of the hummingbird. available water n. the water that can potentially be absorbed (chiefly from the soil) by plant roots; spec. the amount of water held in the soil between field capacity and a level at which a plant will wilt. ΚΠ 1855 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 231 All the available water of plants, leaving out the sea-weeds, comes from the air in the form of rain. 1932 Circular U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 200 12 The capacity for available water is only slightly less in a sandy soil than in a clay soil, though the field-carrying capacity of the former may be very much lower than that of the latter. 2019 Southeast Farm Press (Nexis) 2 Jan. In general, coarse textured soils can have roughly 0.5 inches of available water per foot of soil depth and silt loam soils have roughly 2 inches of available water per foot of depth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). < adj.1417
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