low-leveladj.

Brit.

/ˈləʊˌlɛvl/, U.S.

/ˈloʊˌlɛvəl/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: low adj., level n.

Etymology: < low adj. + level n.

a. Situated or occurring not far above ground level or some other downward limit; situated at a level further down than that of something else.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective]

lowc1225

base?a1425

howea1500

low-down1548

humble1579

lowly1579

low-lying1809

low-level1845

1845 2nd Rep. Commissioners State of Large Towns II. 94 The lower part of the workhouse field would form an excellent high-level reservoir, and the Freeman's Wood, immediately below it, a very good site for a low-level supply.

1861 All Year Round 17 Aug. 488/1 The high-level and low-level sewers just described.

1881 W. D. Hay 300 Years Hence vii. 149 The Sahara Desert, or rather the low-level parts of it.

1910 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Brit. Archit. Apr. 472 The scheme [of Leonardo da Vinci] comprises a system of low-level streets for commercial purposes, and an upper residential stratum.

1953 Los Angeles Times 15 Sept. ii. 1/3 A pilot..has admitted making the low-level flight that brought floods of protests from alarmed residents in the area.

2009 J. Struthers Red Sky at Night 98 Nimbostratus, a thick layer of dark, low-level cloud that produces continuous heavy rain, or snow if the air is cold enough.

b. spec. Designating a military air operation involving low-flying, or a military aircraft designed to undertake operations of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > [adjective] > attacking from low level

strafing1919

low-level1941

1941 Flight 9 Jan. 23/1 During such low-level attacks it was easy to see what damage had been done, and there is a vivid report from an aircraft which roared over a main railway station at just below 100 feet.

1946 G. Gibson Enemy Coast Ahead 105 I like high-level attacks..or else it must be the very low-level prang.

1986 T. Clancy Red Storm Rising (1988) xxvi. 414 That American low-level fighter did this—the Thunderbolt.

1992 J. Peters & J. Nichol Tornado Down i. 1 I was part of a four-aircraft formation operating out of RAF Laarbruch, hoovering around Germany on a low-level flying exercise.

2003 S. Coogan et al. Alan Partridge: Every Ruddy Word 257/1 Twenty million pounds of aircraft—and, smack, you've hit a pennine. There goes one low-level fighter jet and two perfectly nice chaps.

a. Low in amount, strength, or degree of intensity; of a level below that which is standard or average.

ΚΠ

1895 Statist. Tables Emigration & Immigration 6 in Parl. Papers CVII. 1 It may be noted then at once that the year 1894 was a ‘low-level’ one in regard to native emigration.

1955 T. H. Pear Eng. Social Differences xi. 264 An atmosphere of low-level excitement.

1965 N.Y. Times Mag. Apr. 122/5 I think that the issue which we are dealing with this afternoon is too serious for the kind of low-level tomfoolery which he likes to indulge in.

1978 Pop. Sci. June 34/3 The Plymouth and Mercury seem to transmit more of the low-level vibration caused by the texture of the road surface.

1997 S. Wilkinson Anat. Home Studio v. 47/1 This is a small price to pay for recovering a low-level signal that would have otherwise been very distorted or lost altogether.

2010 J. Heibron Galileo iii. 106 The Inquisition was a fact of life,..a sort of low-level background terrorism.

b. Nuclear Physics. Designating weak radioactivity and mildly radioactive waste.What constitutes low-level waste is legally defined in some countries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > [adjective] > mild

low-level1946

1946 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 90 12/2 Some other clinical test..might give an indication of incipient changes from low level radiation exposures.

1952 A. P. Talboys Contamination of Plumbing by Low-Level Radioisotope Wastes (Report, Johns Hopkins Univ.) 1 To determine the extent to which plumbing may become contaminated by low-level radioactive wastes, practical tests have been conducted.

1977 Offshore Engineer May 28/2 Low level nuclear wastes can include everything from radiotherapy pellets to soiled technicians' clothing.

2006 New Scientist 4 Feb. 9/2 Low-level radiation affects specific areas of tissue in the head.

3. Of low rank, authority, or importance. Also: relating to or involving people of low rank or authority.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [adjective]

rudea1382

roida1400

borel1513

rustical?1532

illiberal1535

waste?1541

rusticc1550

illiterate1556

ruggedc1565

profane1568

unskilful1572

raw?1573

clownish1581

home-born1589

rough-hewn1593

unpolished1594

artless1598

home-bred1602

unbevelled1602

incult1628

museless1644

uncultivated1646

incultivateda1657

uncultivate1659

incultivate1661

unpolite1674

uncult1675

repent1684

uncultivated1725

uncultured1777

unenlightened1792

cultureless1824

sloven1856

philistinic1869

undoctrined1869

Philistine1871

Philistinish1871

roughneck1906

lowbrow1907

low-level1916

no-brow1922

bohunk1957

bakya1960

1916 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 5 878 Where competition with low-level workers was keenest,..the restrictions were achieved earliest.

1948 Washington Post 1 Oct. 2/1 Young Henry joined the Ford Co., puttering around in various low-level jobs to get the feel of the business.

1952 Economist 20 Sept. How long it takes to get even a simple low-level decision.

1988 V. Shue Reach of State i. 24 The terroristic abuses of power by police and low-level functionaries.

1994 New Yorker 18 July 24/1 The arrest of prostitutes, bookies, and low-level drug dealers.

2012 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. b1 Low-level discussions between the company and the government are under way, according to people on both sides.

a. Of or relating to a simple or basic form, level, or standard; spec. relating to or concerned with the minute detail or basic constitutive units of a subject, system, or phenomenon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > [adjective] > not complex

simple1555

plain1589

incomplexed1628

incomplex1658

incomplicate1686

uncomplicated1792

straightforward1833

straight-up-and-down1859

simplicist1904

simplicistic1920

low-level1923

1923 C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards Meaning of Meaning vii. 255 A useful low-level shorthand.

1960 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. May 577 All these authors have criticized the hiatus between low-level theory..and the world-sweeping generalizations of theorists.

1968 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 34 222/1 Hays himself is apparently not interested in the low-level details... When he speaks in terms of strategies and projects, he is in his element.

1980 Amer. Speech 1976 51 272 The schwa some speakers have in the third syllable of medicine is produced by a low-level phonetic rule that reduces unstressed short vowels.

1999 J. Hecht City of Light x. 126 Pearson put his low-level study of optical fibers on the front burner.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Nov. a21/3 Mr. Zeichner described teaching to No Child Left Behind as ‘a focus on low-level’ learners, devised only to improve test scores.

b. Computing. Of a language: reflecting the structure of a particular kind of computer; belonging to such a language; spec. designating a language (such as an assembly language) in which each instruction corresponds to a single instruction in machine language.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > programming language > [adjective] > low-level

low-level1961

1961 Communications ACM 4 492/1 (heading) Low level language subroutines for use within Fortran.

1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxv. 189 Each computer manufacturer normally devises a low level language which corresponds closely to the particular machine language used by that manufacturer.

1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 162/1 It also frequently needs sections to be written in low-level language due to its restricted areas of application.

1995 Sci. Amer. Sept. 49/2 Chip designers pipeline the instructions, or low-level commands, given to the hardware.

2006 Independent 12 July (Extra section) 9/2 I would assume they [sc. hackers] are very good programmers who use the language of the internet (TCP/IP), a very low-level language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	low-level
释义	low-leveladj. Brit. /ˈləʊˌlɛvl/, U.S. /ˈloʊˌlɛvəl/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: low adj., level n. Etymology: < low adj. + level n. 1. a. Situated or occurring not far above ground level or some other downward limit; situated at a level further down than that of something else. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > [adjective] lowc1225 base?a1425 howea1500 low-down1548 humble1579 lowly1579 low-lying1809 low-level1845 1845 2nd Rep. Commissioners State of Large Towns II. 94 The lower part of the workhouse field would form an excellent high-level reservoir, and the Freeman's Wood, immediately below it, a very good site for a low-level supply. 1861 All Year Round 17 Aug. 488/1 The high-level and low-level sewers just described. 1881 W. D. Hay 300 Years Hence vii. 149 The Sahara Desert, or rather the low-level parts of it. 1910 Jrnl. Royal Inst. Brit. Archit. Apr. 472 The scheme [of Leonardo da Vinci] comprises a system of low-level streets for commercial purposes, and an upper residential stratum. 1953 Los Angeles Times 15 Sept. ii. 1/3 A pilot..has admitted making the low-level flight that brought floods of protests from alarmed residents in the area. 2009 J. Struthers Red Sky at Night 98 Nimbostratus, a thick layer of dark, low-level cloud that produces continuous heavy rain, or snow if the air is cold enough. b. spec. Designating a military air operation involving low-flying, or a military aircraft designed to undertake operations of this kind. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > [adjective] > attacking from low level strafing1919 low-level1941 1941 Flight 9 Jan. 23/1 During such low-level attacks it was easy to see what damage had been done, and there is a vivid report from an aircraft which roared over a main railway station at just below 100 feet. 1946 G. Gibson Enemy Coast Ahead 105 I like high-level attacks..or else it must be the very low-level prang. 1986 T. Clancy Red Storm Rising (1988) xxvi. 414 That American low-level fighter did this—the Thunderbolt. 1992 J. Peters & J. Nichol Tornado Down i. 1 I was part of a four-aircraft formation operating out of RAF Laarbruch, hoovering around Germany on a low-level flying exercise. 2003 S. Coogan et al. Alan Partridge: Every Ruddy Word 257/1 Twenty million pounds of aircraft—and, smack, you've hit a pennine. There goes one low-level fighter jet and two perfectly nice chaps. 2. a. Low in amount, strength, or degree of intensity; of a level below that which is standard or average. ΚΠ 1895 Statist. Tables Emigration & Immigration 6 in Parl. Papers CVII. 1 It may be noted then at once that the year 1894 was a ‘low-level’ one in regard to native emigration. 1955 T. H. Pear Eng. Social Differences xi. 264 An atmosphere of low-level excitement. 1965 N.Y. Times Mag. Apr. 122/5 I think that the issue which we are dealing with this afternoon is too serious for the kind of low-level tomfoolery which he likes to indulge in. 1978 Pop. Sci. June 34/3 The Plymouth and Mercury seem to transmit more of the low-level vibration caused by the texture of the road surface. 1997 S. Wilkinson Anat. Home Studio v. 47/1 This is a small price to pay for recovering a low-level signal that would have otherwise been very distorted or lost altogether. 2010 J. Heibron Galileo iii. 106 The Inquisition was a fact of life,..a sort of low-level background terrorism. b. Nuclear Physics. Designating weak radioactivity and mildly radioactive waste.What constitutes low-level waste is legally defined in some countries. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > [adjective] > mild low-level1946 1946 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 90 12/2 Some other clinical test..might give an indication of incipient changes from low level radiation exposures. 1952 A. P. Talboys Contamination of Plumbing by Low-Level Radioisotope Wastes (Report, Johns Hopkins Univ.) 1 To determine the extent to which plumbing may become contaminated by low-level radioactive wastes, practical tests have been conducted. 1977 Offshore Engineer May 28/2 Low level nuclear wastes can include everything from radiotherapy pellets to soiled technicians' clothing. 2006 New Scientist 4 Feb. 9/2 Low-level radiation affects specific areas of tissue in the head. 3. Of low rank, authority, or importance. Also: relating to or involving people of low rank or authority. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [adjective] rudea1382 roida1400 borel1513 rustical?1532 illiberal1535 waste?1541 rusticc1550 illiterate1556 ruggedc1565 profane1568 unskilful1572 raw?1573 clownish1581 home-born1589 rough-hewn1593 unpolished1594 artless1598 home-bred1602 unbevelled1602 incult1628 museless1644 uncultivated1646 incultivateda1657 uncultivate1659 incultivate1661 unpolite1674 uncult1675 repent1684 uncultivated1725 uncultured1777 unenlightened1792 cultureless1824 sloven1856 philistinic1869 undoctrined1869 Philistine1871 Philistinish1871 roughneck1906 lowbrow1907 low-level1916 no-brow1922 bohunk1957 bakya1960 1916 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 5 878 Where competition with low-level workers was keenest,..the restrictions were achieved earliest. 1948 Washington Post 1 Oct. 2/1 Young Henry joined the Ford Co., puttering around in various low-level jobs to get the feel of the business. 1952 Economist 20 Sept. How long it takes to get even a simple low-level decision. 1988 V. Shue Reach of State i. 24 The terroristic abuses of power by police and low-level functionaries. 1994 New Yorker 18 July 24/1 The arrest of prostitutes, bookies, and low-level drug dealers. 2012 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. b1 Low-level discussions between the company and the government are under way, according to people on both sides. 4. a. Of or relating to a simple or basic form, level, or standard; spec. relating to or concerned with the minute detail or basic constitutive units of a subject, system, or phenomenon. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > [adjective] > not complex simple1555 plain1589 incomplexed1628 incomplex1658 incomplicate1686 uncomplicated1792 straightforward1833 straight-up-and-down1859 simplicist1904 simplicistic1920 low-level1923 1923 C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards Meaning of Meaning vii. 255 A useful low-level shorthand. 1960 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. May 577 All these authors have criticized the hiatus between low-level theory..and the world-sweeping generalizations of theorists. 1968 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 34 222/1 Hays himself is apparently not interested in the low-level details... When he speaks in terms of strategies and projects, he is in his element. 1980 Amer. Speech 1976 51 272 The schwa some speakers have in the third syllable of medicine is produced by a low-level phonetic rule that reduces unstressed short vowels. 1999 J. Hecht City of Light x. 126 Pearson put his low-level study of optical fibers on the front burner. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Nov. a21/3 Mr. Zeichner described teaching to No Child Left Behind as ‘a focus on low-level’ learners, devised only to improve test scores. b. Computing. Of a language: reflecting the structure of a particular kind of computer; belonging to such a language; spec. designating a language (such as an assembly language) in which each instruction corresponds to a single instruction in machine language. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > programming language > [adjective] > low-level low-level1961 1961 Communications ACM 4 492/1 (heading) Low level language subroutines for use within Fortran. 1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxv. 189 Each computer manufacturer normally devises a low level language which corresponds closely to the particular machine language used by that manufacturer. 1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 162/1 It also frequently needs sections to be written in low-level language due to its restricted areas of application. 1995 Sci. Amer. Sept. 49/2 Chip designers pipeline the instructions, or low-level commands, given to the hardware. 2006 Independent 12 July (Extra section) 9/2 I would assume they [sc. hackers] are very good programmers who use the language of the internet (TCP/IP), a very low-level language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1845
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