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单词 lump
释义

lumpn.1

Brit. /lʌmp/, U.S. /ləmp/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s lomp(e, lumpe, (Middle English lumppe).
Etymology: Middle English lump; not found in the early Germanic dialects; compare early modern Dutch lompe (now lomp) rag; Dutch lomp, Low German lump adjective, coarse, heavy, rude; German (from Dutch or Low German) lumpen rag, lump ragamuffin; Swedish lump (Danish 16th cent.) rag is from German. A sense nearer to that of the English word occurs in Danish (16th cent.) lump(e lump, Norwegian and Swedish dialect lump block, stump, log, lumpe a sort of cake. The ulterior etymology is quite uncertain. Usually the word has been regarded as cognate with lap n.1 It might perhaps be connected with Old English (ge)limpan, past participle (ge)lumpen, to happen, the original notion being that of such a quantity as chance determines—such a portion as may offer itself, and not any measured or intentionally shaped piece.
1.
a. A compact mass of no particular shape; a shapeless piece or mass; often with implication of excessive size, protuberant outline, or clumsiness. Also elliptical, = lump of sugar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > a dense or solid thing or body
clota1000
goba1382
massa1382
gobbetc1384
clustera1387
lumpa1400
grume1555
solidity1604
concrescence1610
concression1613
concretion1646
ponderant1656
condensation1665
clumper1673
clue1674
solid1698
clump1699
wodge1847
density1858
boulder1861
doorstop1967
swadge1968
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > dense or compact
clota1000
massa1382
gobbetc1384
clustera1387
lumpa1400
wedge1577
loaf1598
knot1631
clumper1673
clue1674
clump1699
lob1825
wodge1847
nugget1851
density1858
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > lump sugar
lump sugar1657
cube1897
lump1899
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2869 Men findes lumpes [Gött. lompis] o þe sand O þer nan finer in þat land.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xii. 50 Men may find..grete lumppes þaroff, ȝa as grete as a hors, casten vp on þe land.
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 17834 I put vp many a lompe off bred In-to my sak.
c1480 (a1400) St. Cecilia 461 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 381 [He] gert men with lumpis of led dyng hyme til he ves ded.
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 215 Thou spewit and kest out mony a lathly lomp.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 59 Wee must frame all the bodie in such sorte, that it seeme neither to bee of one whole immoueable lumpe, neyther yet to be altogether loosely disioynted.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vi. 38 When your Lordship sees..to what mettle this counterfeyt lump of ours [Theobald 1726 suggests oare] will be melted.
1656 A. Cowley Nemæan Ode in Pindaric Odes v Nature herself, whilst in the Womb he was, Sow'd Strength and Beauty through the forming Mass, They mov'ed the vital Lump in every part.
1727 E. Smith Compl. Housewife 208 Put a lump of Loaf-Sugar into every Bottle.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 90 So watchful Bruin forms with plastic care Each growing lump, and brings it to a Bear.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 95 She gives the Child a Lump of Sugar.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxv. 365 A tin vessel filled with lumps of lead and iron as a weight.
1899 H. James Awkward Age iii. xi. 101 Sugar?—isn't that the way to say it? Three lumps?
1901 Speaker 5 Jan. 375/2 American methods of handling do not readily lend themselves to the preservation of the coal in large lumps.
a1916 ‘Saki’ Toys of Peace (1919) 24 Little friendly questions about weak or strong tea, how much, if any, sugar, milk, cream, and so forth. ‘Is it one lump? I forgot.’
1922 H. Walpole Cathedral i. v. 85 No, I'm afraid I don't—thank you, Mrs. Sampson. One lump, please.
b. a lump in one's throat: (a) a swelling in the throat; (b) a feeling of tightness or pressure in the throat due to emotion. popular.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [noun] > physical feeling resulting from emotion > tightness in throat
bur1393
knot1859
a lump in one's throat1863
1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 552 She feeling a lump, to use her own expression, in her throat, which obstructed her swallowing.
1863 Mrs. H. Wood Verner's Pride III. vi. 56 A lump was rising in Lionel's throat.
a1878 Princess Alice in Biog. Sk. (1884) 34 A lump always comes into my throat when I think of it.
c. lump of clay n. applied disparagingly to the human body, or to a person stigmatized as ‘soulless’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [noun]
lichamc888
bodyeOE
earthOE
lichOE
bone houseOE
dustc1000
fleshOE
utter mana1050
bonesOE
bodiȝlichc1175
bouka1225
bellyc1275
slimec1315
corpsec1325
vesselc1360
tabernaclec1374
carrion1377
corsec1386
personc1390
claya1400
carcass1406
lump of claya1425
sensuality?a1425
corpusc1440
God's imagea1450
bulka1475
natural body1526
outward man1526
quarrons1567
blood bulk1570
skinfula1592
flesh-rind1593
clod1595
anatomy1597
veil1598
microcosm1601
machine1604
outwall1608
lay part1609
machina1612
cabinet1614
automaton1644
case1655
mud wall1662
structure1671
soul case1683
incarnation1745
personality1748
personage1785
man1830
embodiment1850
flesh-stuff1855
corporeity1865
chassis1930
soma1958
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27647 Þou man þat in erth I say And wers þan a lump of clay.
1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 31 Ane King at euin, with Sceptur, Sword, & Crown, At morne bot ane deformit lumpe of clay.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. v. 14 Yet are these Feet, whose strength-lesse stay is numme, (Vnable to support this Lumpe of Clay ). View more context for this quotation
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 338 Being freed from these lumps of clay,..we shall be made like to the glorious angels.
1764 C. Churchill Gotham iii. 9 One of the herd, a lump of common clay, Inform'd with life, to die and pass away.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xvi. i, in Maud & Other Poems 51 This lump of earth has left his estate The lighter by the loss of his weight.]
d. transferred and figurative.
ΚΠ
1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 282 The man who is a lumpe or masse of foolishnesse, is the onely occasion of this motion.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 57 Blush blush thou lumpe of foule deformity. View more context for this quotation
1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss iv. iv. 81 Is it that lump of rank ingratitude.
1821 C. Lamb Old & New Schoolmaster in Elia 1st Ser. Some neglected lump of nobility or gentry.
1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ii. 26 We come across some obstinate lump of evil that will not give way.
e. A great quantity; a ‘lot’, ‘heap’. Also plural ‘lots’, ‘heaps’. slang. or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 733 I am not ladyn of liddyrnes with lumpis.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jas. i. f. xxvv He that is pressed with sondry lumpes of sorowes.
1712 J. Warder True Amazons 33 Now we are sure of a good lump of Honey.
1728 P. Walker Life A. Peden (1827) 118 Nothing will convince this Generation but Judgments, and a surprising Lump of them upon the West of Scotland.
1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 11 The merrier and happier they are in general, the greater the lumps of pain they can bear.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. xv. 171 Colonel Harding owed him a lump of money.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Lump..(2) A quantity. ‘A lump of people’.
1896 J. S. Farmer Slang (at cited word) ‘I like that a lump’.
f. = lump work n. at Compounds 2. Of persons: those who contract to do work ‘in the lump’, i.e. for a lump sum.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > employee > who works for lump sum > collectively
lump1902
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 330/1 The first man who agrees to the job takes it in the lump, and he again lets it to others in the piece.]
1902 Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 691/1 You can do it either by the day or lump.
1969 Daily Mail 3 Sept. 2/1 He then spelt out exactly how the thousands of ‘labour only’ sub-contractors—‘The Lump’ in building trade slang—deprive the Treasury of more than £3 million a year.
1970 Daily Tel. 27 May 11/1 In the building industry, the outgoing government argues, this employment of a quarter of a million men—known as ‘the Lump’ because it accepts a lump sum for its work and attends to its own tax and social insurance problems—has resulted in widespread tax and National Insurance evasion.
1972 Times 21 Nov. 21/2 They attribute much of the confusion in the building ‘jungle’, as they often call it, to the operations of the ‘lump’, the growing number of labour-only sub-contractors and ‘self-employed’.
1973 Guardian 22 Feb. 9/5 A Bill which would prohibit ‘lump’ labour in the building and construction industry was given a formal first reading in the Commons... There had been a definite increase in the lump in the past 10 years.
1974 Shelter News Easter 3/2 Some companies already party to the agreement admit a limited use of lump labour and argue very convincingly that they have little choice if they are to meet completion dates.
g. U.S. slang. A parcel of food given to a tramp or vagrant. Cf. English dial. lump, a luncheon (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > gift or offering of food > [noun] > food parcel > for tramp
poke-out1874
lump1912
1912 D. Lowrie My Life in Prison ix. 105 I noticed he had a lump (lunch) with him.
1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 56 Lump, current chiefly amongst yeggs, hobos, and the indigent. A donation of victuals intended for consumption outside the house.
1926 J. Black You can't Win vi. 67 She'll give you a sit-down for yourself, chances are, but bring back a ‘lump’ for us.
1931 ‘D. Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route xiv. 161 It may be that he has the boy along only to wash his clothes or to bum his lumps.
1967 K. Allsop Hard Travellin' xviii. 214 I met a husky burly taking of his rest And he flagged me with a big lump and a can.
h. plural. Hard knocks, scolding.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] > scolding > instance of
Kyrie15..
Kyrie eleison1528
chide1538
wormwood lecture1640
rant1663
scold1726
trimming1763
blowing up1772
set-to1774
set-down1780
ragging1788
scouting1794
hurl?a1800
hearing1816
heckling1832
twisting1834
downsetting1842
going-over1843
shrewing1847
call1862
tongue-lashing1881
tongue-walking1888
telling-off1893
rousting1900
lumps1935
fourpenny one1936
rucking1958
1935 Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. 30 363 Lumps, get the, to [be] beaten up.
1949 R. Chandler Little Sister xxxii. 232 I got off on the wrong foot. After that I just had to take my lumps.
1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 32 My father would sit and take his verbal lumps, saying nothing.
1971 B. Malamud Tenants 130 Now I take my lumps, he thought. Maybe for not satisfying Mary.
2.
a. Applied spec. (chiefly figurative in Biblical use) to the mass of clay taken up by a potter or sculptor for one operation, and to the mass of dough intended for one baking.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > dough for bread > quantity or mass of
lump1526
batch1549
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > clay > [noun] > for making pottery > mass of
lump1526
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. ix. 21 Hath nott the potter power over the claye, even off the same lompe to make one vessell vnto honoure, and a nother vnto dishonoure?
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. v. 6 Knowe ye not that a lytell leven sowereth the whole lompe of dowe? [1611 leaueneth the whole lumpe.]
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 49 All mens honours Lie like one lumpe before him, to be fashion'd Into what pitch he please. View more context for this quotation
a1633 G. Herbert Holy Commun. Before that sin turned flesh to stone And all our lump to leaven.
1847 A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico (new ed.) 272 The meddlesome Puritan,..attempting to leaven the whole lump, will, I am afraid, often make the cake all dough.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 504 We have taken up a lump of fable, and have used more than we needed.
1884 H. W. S. Secret Happy Life i. 14 The lump of clay would never grow into a beautiful vessel.
†b. Hence, allusively, the whole mass or quantity of anything. Also, the ‘mass’, ‘bulk’, great majority. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount
fullOE
suma1382
universitya1382
your university1385
wholea1393
amountment?a1400
wholenessa1425
hale1437
aggregatec1443
rate1472
total1557
the whole ware1563
lump1576
gross1579
totality1598
universarya1604
general1608
population1612
amount1615
totum1656
totea1772
complete1790
factorial1869
collectivity1882
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a great part or proportion > the greater part, the majority
the more partOE
the best part ofOE
(the) more parta1350
(the) most parta1350
(the) most part alla1350
(the) most party1372
for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387
the better part ofa1393
the mo?a1400
most forcea1400
substancea1413
corsec1420
generalty?c1430
the greater partc1430
three quartersc1470
generalityc1485
the most feck1488
corpse1533
most1553
nine-tenths?1556
better half1566
generality?1570
pluralityc1570
body1574
the great body (of)1588
flush1592
three fourths1600
best1601
heap1609
gross1625
lump1709
bulk1711
majority1714
nineteen in twenty1730
balance1747
sweighta1800
heft1816
chief1841
the force1842
thick end1847
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 87 Now by this little crop, iudge you of the whole lumpe.
1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence ii. 14 Who..calleth the whole Lump of English Papists, the Catholick Party.
1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 387 God had not such a love for the whole lump of mankind, as to [etc.].
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 137. ⁋2 The Lump of these [Swearers] may, I think, be very aptly divided into the common Distinction of High and Low.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 4. ⁋7 The thoughtless Creatures who make up the Lump of that Sex.
†3. An aggregate of units; a congeries, heap, clump, cluster; occasionally a group (of persons). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > cluster
lumpc1380
clustera1400
knotc1400
community?1541
plump1553
clustering1576
clumpa1586
grove1667
skein1709
snuggle1901
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 447 Lordis of þis world þat mayntenen lumpis of þes ordris and þer housis and possessiouns.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 2230 Thus he layes one þe lumppe, and lordlye þeme served.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xv. 229 About him slayne lay his menȝe All in a lump on athyr hand.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xxv. 18 An hundred clusters [margin. Or, lumps] of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figges. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xx. 7 Take a lumpe of figs. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 469 Vermin, which lay crawling in lumps..about my body: yea, hanging in clusters about my beard.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 500 Lumpes of Wals, and heapes of stones.
1781 Lieut. Archer Let. 30 June in Naval Chron. (1804) 11 283 They [ships] drew up into a lump.
4.
a. A protuberance, swelling, or excrescence, esp. one caused by disease or injury in an animal body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance
ampereOE
kernelc1000
wenc1000
knot?c1225
swella1250
bulchc1300
bunchc1325
bolninga1340
botcha1387
bouge1398
nodusa1400
oedemaa1400
wax-kernel14..
knobc1405
nodule?a1425
more?c1425
bunnyc1440
papa1450
knurc1460
waxing kernel?c1460
lump?a1500
waxen-kernel1500
bump1533
puff1538
tumour?1541
swelling1542
elevation1543
enlarging1562
knub1563
pimple1582
ganglion1583
button1584
phyma1585
emphysema?1587
flesh-pimple1587
oedem?a1591
burgeon1597
wartle1598
hurtle1599
pough1601
wart1603
extumescence1611
hulch1611
peppernel1613
affusion1615
extumescency1684
jog1715
knibloch1780
tumefaction1802
hunch1803
income1808
intumescence1822
gibber1853
tumescence1859
whetstone1886
tumidity1897
Osler's node1920
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > [noun] > a protuberance or protuberant part > a hump or lump
bulchc1300
lump?a1500
hillock?1527
bump1533
hulch1611
hump1709
hunch1803
mump1847
nib1847
wodge1847
hummock1864
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 784/16 Hec ffalaa, a lumpe of a walle.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. ix. 87 The lump betuix the new born folis ene.
1614 tr. C. Heresbach Whole Art & Trade of Husbandry (rev. ed.) iii. f. 120 The Camell with two lumpes vpon the backe.
1738 [see sense 5f].
1804 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 12 320 Hard lumps appeared on the spots which had been covered by the pustules.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 894 The growths [of Xanthoma] occur either as thin flat plates..or as nodules or lumps.
1903 N.E.D. at Lump Mod. I knocked my head and got a lump on my forehead.
b. Nautical. (Cf. lumpy adj. 1b.)
ΚΠ
1849 N. Kingsley Diary (1914) 53 The farther north we get the more our anxiety is increased, as those big lumps are not quite eradicated from our minds yet.
1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 3 Ship..shipping heavy lumps of water on deck.
1865 Athenæum 23 Sept. 414/1 He..chuckles over lumps of the sea.
1872 T. De W. Talmage Serm. 107 There was what sailors call ‘a big lump of a sea’.
5. Phrases with prepositions, belonging to the preceding senses.
†a. at a lump: in one mass; in a single piece or quantity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase] > in a single piece
in (also of) one piece1566
at a lump1596
of a piece1607
in a lump1640
all of a lumpc1681
1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 113 There are men.. to set out all at a lump in one day, not forethinking of an ensuing want.
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 47 I shall not be against the Judges, or the officers sitting there, but not to give all things away at a lump.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 337 I propounded to him to take all at a Lump, and never to make two Bargains.
1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 220 This prodigious quantity of Silver, which comes all at a lump, is spread over all the World.
b. by the lump (rarely by lump): = in the lump at sense 5e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > all collectively en masse
in generala1393
in gross1508
by the lump1522
in universal1532
at large1598
in the lump1624
in (the) massa1631
at the great1699
by or in (the) slump1795
en masse1802
in a slump1827
en bloc1861
in block1870
in (the) aggregate1973
1522 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Paied for a certen of bryk by the lumpe of my lord of Seynt Gregorys xijd.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 383 I must now consider half a Dozen of Mr. B's Pages by the Lump.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 277 I would not by the Lump decry any Body of People.
1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 283 Other species of provisions are sold by the lump, without weight or measure.
1784 R. Bage Barham Downs 257 ‘I accept of your conditions by the lump’, replies the Professor.
1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) Lump-work, work contracted for, or taken by the lump.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) By the lump, a sudden fall out of the slings or out of the top; altogether.
†c. by lumps: by instalments, piecemeal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [phrase] > piecemeal
by piecemealc1325
piece by piecea1500
piece and piecea1522
by lumps1576
in piecemeal1693
in piecemeals1715
(in or by) dribs and drabs1809
1576 G. Gascoigne Complaynt of Phylomene in Steele Glas sig. L.ijv Common peoples loue by lumpes, And fancie comes by fits.
†d. in a lump: the whole together; all at once.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase] > in a single piece
in (also of) one piece1566
at a lump1596
of a piece1607
in a lump1640
all of a lumpc1681
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > in/into one place, company, or mass [phrase] > together or in a body
in gross1508
in (the) massa1631
in a lump1640
en masse1802
1640 Lenthall in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) I. 18 Were we not all in a lump by them intended to be offered up to Moloch?
1666 W. Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington in Wks. (1731) II. 13 Whatever his Majesty's resolves to do, ought to be sudden, and in a Lump.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 106. ⁋2 I..asked him, Whether he would..sell his Goods by Retail, or designed they should all go in a Lump?
1812 Examiner 23 Aug. 542/1 If we..condemn, to use a vulgar expression, in a lump, we exasperate those whom we should wish to amend.
1825 J. Bentham Rationale Reward 154 When reward, instead of being bestowed in a lump, follows each successive portion of labour.
1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. viii. 143 We shall all be..judged in a lump.
1934 G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good Pref. 9 The unqualified assertion that the rich, in a lump, are miserable.
e. in the lump (occasionally †in lump): taking things as a whole without regard to detail; in the mass; in gross; wholesale.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > all collectively en masse
in generala1393
in gross1508
by the lump1522
in universal1532
at large1598
in the lump1624
in (the) massa1631
at the great1699
by or in (the) slump1795
en masse1802
in a slump1827
en bloc1861
in block1870
in (the) aggregate1973
1624 R. Montagu Immediate Addresse 133 All they..haue met with and obserued in lumpe.
1637 R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose Christian Offices ii. 41 He chose rather to sell the corne..then to give it away in the lumpe.
1676 G. Towerson Explic. Decalogue 22 How far they were from erring..I come now to shew, and that both in the lump and the retail.
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 32 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. A great Genius takes things in the Lump, without stopping at minute Considerations.
1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 20/1 The Whitfieldians railed at rector, curate, doctrine, service, &c. &c. all in the lump.
1848 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 28 Poor human creatures..I am heartily sorry for them, severally, and in the lump.
1901 ‘A. Hope’ Tristram of Blent x. 117 ‘You seem to dislike the daughter too..’ ‘Oh, I take the family in the lump’.
f. all of a lump: altogether, in a heap; also, swollen so as to appear one lump.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > as a whole [phrase] > in a single piece
in (also of) one piece1566
at a lump1596
of a piece1607
in a lump1640
all of a lumpc1681
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [adjective]
swollenc1325
bolnedc1380
botchya1398
tumid?1541
tumefied1597
tumefacted1598
proud1607
tumoured1635
hobbeda1722
swelled1733
all of a lump1738
jogged1746
nodular1872
youstered1894
micronodular1960
macronodular1967
c1681 E. Hickeringill Trimmer vi, in Wks. (1716) I. 385 Answer them by lump, for they are all of a lump.
1708 J. Nelson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 141 The violence of the Thunder and Lightning..melted a Watch and the Chain all of a Lump.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 100 She must be hurt for certain..her Head is all of a Lump.
1873 Routledge's Young Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 197 Oil-skin jacket and trousers,..and high boots, into which he dropped all of a lump.
6. Applied to persons.
a. As a term of opprobrium: A heavy, dull person. (Cf. 1c.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > lout, oaf, booby > [noun]
lubber1362
looby1377
howfing?a1513
slouch?1518
bowberta1522
knuckylbonyarda1529
lob1533
lout1548
patch1549
hoballa1556
lilburnea1556
lobcocka1556
chub1558
hick1565
lourd1579
peasant1581
clown1583
lubbard1586
lumberer1593
lump1597
blooterc1600
boobyc1600
lob-coat1604
hoy1607
bacon-brainsa1635
alcatote1638
oaf1638
kelf1665
brute1670
dowf1722
gawky1724
chuckle1731
chuckle-head1731
John Trott1753
stega1823
lummoxa1825
gawk1837
country jakea1854
guffin1862
galoot1866
stot1877
lobster1896
mutt1900
palooka1920
schlub1950
1597 Pilgrimage Parnassus i. 80 All foggie sleepers and all idle lumps.
1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. iv. 159 What aukward Lumps have I known, which the Dancing-master has put Limbs to!
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Lump,..a heavy, dull, unapprehensive Person.
a1806 H. K. White Remains (1807) I. 320 A sluggish senseless lump to lie.
1888 A. Wardrop Poems & Sketches 202 The muckle diled lump didna like to spoil the nicht's performance.
b. A big sturdy creature. ? dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun] > and broadness > person
giant1559
Hercules1567
Gogmagogc1580
cob1582
Gargantuist1593
hulk1600
rhinoceros1602
colossus1605
pompiona1616
lump1630
strapper1675
man-mountain1726
Brobdingnagian1728
grenadier1805
butt-cut1806
gorilla1884
King Kong1933
hunk1941
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) iv. 509 He being a corpulent man presumed to follow his pleasures..At last, this lumpe was extinguished.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy viii. 76 They were comely lumps of girls.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Lump, a good-sized child... ‘How big are your children?’ ‘Oh, they bin lumps’.
1887 H. Caine Deemster II. xx. 68 When we were lumps of lads.
7. Technical senses.
a. A bloom or loop of malleable iron.
ΚΠ
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iv. 163 The Metall in an hour thickens by degrees into a lump or mass, which they call a loop.]
1875 in E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II.
b. A kind of paving brick or tile (see quot. 1881).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > brick for specific use
paving brick1703
lump1787
right1884
sewer-block1884
1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 383 Lumps, barn-floor bricks.
1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §599 The Welsh or Stourbridge lumps at the sides should form with those of the back an angle of forty-five degrees or upwards.
1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1224 ‘Lumps’ which are thicker than tiles range in size from 12 in. to 36 in.
c. A barge or lighter used in dockyards.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > lighter > types of
keel1322
ballast lighter1691
keel-boat1695
lump1796
tea-chop1876
1796 London Chron. 2 June 528 A lump from the dockyard has this moment conveyed three new cables on an end to the Hind.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Lumps,..dock~yard barges.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.
d. In firearms: (a) The nipple-seat on a gun-barrel; (b) ‘In a break-joint breech-loader, an iron block on the barrel which descends into a recess in the action’ ( Cent. Dict.).
ΚΠ
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 106 A new lump for swivel, brazed and fitted on carbine.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. i. ii. §1. 27 The accident which sometimes occurs when from defective brazing the barrels and the lump part company.
1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 198 A steel lump placed underneath the barrels, which engages in the face of the breech-action when the gun is closed.
e. Calico woven in long lengths.
ΚΠ
1897 Textile Stocks & Ex. Gaz. 25 Oct. 150 lumps 9/8 Shirtings.
f. Mining, Staffordshire. (See quot. 1883.)
ΚΠ
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Lumps, coal of largest size by one.
8. slang. The workhouse (see also quot. 1933).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > institutional homes > [noun] > for the poor, infirm, etc. > workhouse
working-house1597
workhouse1631
house of industry1679
spin-house1702
parish house1709
poorhouse1727
poorshouse1732
house?1825
union workhouse1830
union house1835
pauper asylum1837
great house1838
union1839
big house1851
spiniken1859
spike1866
lump1874
1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 219 Lump, the workhouse; also called the Pan.
1898 J. D. Brayshaw Slum Silhouettes 146 If Sal can't bury me, the ‘Lump’'ll have to.
1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 These..are some of the cant words now used in London... The lump—the casual ward.
1972 G. F. Newman You Nice Bastard 347 In the lump, in the workhouse.

Phrases

lumps of delight n. a former name for Turkish delight n. at Turkish adj. and n. Compounds 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > Turkish delight
rahat lokum1808
lumps of delight1870
Turkish delight1877
rahat1931
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood iii. 17 ‘I want to go to the Lumps-of-Delight shop.’ ‘To the ——?’ ‘A Turkish sweetmeat, sir.’
1875 L. M. Alcott Eight Cousins v. 55 Phebe..crunched the ‘Lump of Delight’ tucked into her mouth.
1894 Daily News 4 June 7/7 The Turkish, or rather Greek, sweetmeat known as Rahat Loukoums, or ‘Lumps of Delight’.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
lump-lac n.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. I. x. 317 In this country..it is distinguished by the names..Lump-lac when melted and made into cakes.
1873 Beeton's Dict. Commerce at Lac Lump lac is the deposit [of lac] formed into cakes.
lump-tobacco n.
ΚΠ
1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 244 Charles Bodmann..manufactures lump tobacco.
C2.
lump-account n. an account in which items are ‘lumped’ together without particulars or details.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of accounts
calends of exchangec1374
scorea1400
pipe1455
mensalc1475
profit and loss1553
stock1588
bank account1671
lump-account1699
revenue account1703
profit and loss account1721
sundry1736
drawing account1737
stock account?1768
private account1772
trading account1780
Flemish account1785
capital account1813
embankment1813
cost account1817
cash-credit1832
current account1846
savings account1850
deposit account1851
suspense account1869
control account1908
checking account1923
ghost account1933
numbered account1963
budget account1969
ISA1975
MSA1993
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Dutch Reckoning,..a verbal or Lump-account without particulars.
lump-coal n. (see quot. 1881).
ΚΠ
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 288 The combustion is far more perfect than can be brought about with lump-coal.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 120 at Coal Lump [coal] includes the largest lumps as they come from the mine.
† lump cotton n. Obsolete some species of cotton plant, probably Gossypium barbadense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > cotton-plant > types of
lump cotton1640
cotton shrub1752
kidney-cotton1789
nankeen cotton1797
sea-island1803
shrub cotton1858
tree cotton1884
Pima1914
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1552 Gossipium, The Cotton tree or plant..2 Gossipium frutescens annum [sic]. The bush of lumpe Cotton.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden clxxiv The bush of lump cotton..riseth out of the ground with an upright stemme.
lump gold n. gold in nuggets.
ΚΠ
1898 Daily News 28 Jan. 5/7 Where it crosses the creeks, lump gold is plentiful.
† lump-love n. Obsolete ? cupboard-love.
ΚΠ
17.. Old Song Now he ate, and he drank, and he kiss'd, and he toy'd, And all the delights of lump-love he enjoy'd.
lump stone n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1829 S. Glover Hist. County of Derby I. 91 There are lamellar gritstone of this class, capable of sustaining great heat; these are formed into round plates, called pye, pot, or lump stones, and are used in the iron forges.
lump sugar n. loaf sugar broken into lumps or cut into cubes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > lump sugar
lump sugar1657
cube1897
lump1899
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 95 Making it into whites, which is that we call Lump-Sugar in England.
1731 P. Shaw Three Ess. Artific. Philos. 31 The Art of refining Sugar into the different kinds of Clay'd, Lump, Loaf, &c.
1854 C. Dickens Hard Times ii. vi. 184 The bread was new and crusty, the butter fresh, and the sugar lump.
lump-sugary adj. suggestive of lump-sugar.
ΚΠ
1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 585/2 The body has a dry, lump-sugary appearance.
lump sum n. a sum which covers or includes a number of items.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > lump sum
slump sum1844
lump sum1867
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lump sum, a full payment of arrears, and not by periodical instalments of money.
1883 T. Hardy in Longman's Mag. July 266 He..receives a lump sum of 2l. or 3l. for harvest work.
1901 J. T. Fowler in Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham III. 729 The rents of each place are entered in a lump sum.
lump work n. work which is contracted for ‘in the lump’.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > lump work
slump work1808
lump work1851
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 329/2 The natural tendency is for piece-work to pass into lump-work.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 330/2 ‘Lump’ work, ‘piece’ work, work by ‘the job’, are all portions of the contract system. The principle is the same.
1892 Star 17 Mar. 3/3 There are three systems of payment—day work, piece work, and lump work; and lump work is the curse of the lot.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

lumpn.2

Brit. /lʌmp/, U.S. /ləmp/
Forms: Also 1500s–1600s lumpe, 1600s lompe.
Etymology: Found also as Middle Low German lumpen (Diefenbach), Middle Dutch lompe , German lump , lumpfisch , French lompe ; hence modern Latin (specific name) lumpus , Italian lumpo , Spanish lumpo . By foreign etymologists it has commonly been supposed to be of English origin, a use of lump n.1, with reference to the bulky figure of the fish; but the Dutch and Low German forms are known from earlier examples than the English. Compare Dutch lomp heavy.
A spiny-finned fish of a leaden-blue colour and uncouth appearance, Cyclopterus lumpus, characterized by a suctorial disk on its belly with which it adheres to objects with great force (whence its name of lump sucker); the sea-owl. The arctic species is C. spinosus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cyclopteridae (lump-fishes) > cyclopterus lumpus (lump-fish)
lump1545
mugle1574
paddle1589
sea-owl1601
snot-fish1655
sea-poult1658
werrell1658
cockpaddle1684
urchin lumpfish1688
bagaty1710
lumpfish1744
sucker1753
suck-fish1753
lump sucker1776
red lump1832
sucking-fish1867
sea-hen1892
1545 T. Elyot Bibliotheca (new ed.) Faber, a fyshe of the Spanyshe sea..is lyke to be that fyshe, whyche is called a lump.
1591 J. Lyly Endimion iii. iii. sig. E3 For fish these, crab,..lumpe, and powting.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 428 The Lompe, Paddle or sea-Owle, a fish called in Latin orbis.
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 156 Lumps are of two sorts, the one as round almost as a bowle, the other resembling the fillets of a Calfe.
1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium iv. 208 The Lump or Sea-Owl, Scotis Cock-Paddle.
1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 190.
1844 Knickerbocker 24 471 We discussed the merits of dun-fish,..lump, halibut,..and trout.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lump..the trivial name of the baggety..Cyclopterus lumpus.
1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 345 (heading) Lumpsucker (Sea Hen, Hen-fish, Lump).

Compounds

lumpfish n. = main sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cyclopteridae (lump-fishes) > cyclopterus lumpus (lump-fish)
lump1545
mugle1574
paddle1589
sea-owl1601
snot-fish1655
sea-poult1658
werrell1658
cockpaddle1684
urchin lumpfish1688
bagaty1710
lumpfish1744
sucker1753
suck-fish1753
lump sucker1776
red lump1832
sucking-fish1867
sea-hen1892
1620 T. Venner Via Recta iv. 76 Lompe-fish. The Lumpe or Lompe, is a fish so named from his shape and likenesse, and is in taste agreeable to the name.
1744 J. Parsons in Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 385 The Phoca..is rather like a Lump~fish, and almost triangular.
1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. xvii. 121 Under the name of lump-fishes I include all those whose ventral fins unite to form a disk or sucker by which they are enabled to adhere to the rocks.
1885 C. F. Holder Marvels Animal Life 21 The lump-fish is..accredited with being a nest builder.
1969 H. Horwood Newfoundland 223 A lumpfish that I weighed on a pier-head in Conception Bay a few years ago went over thirty pounds.
1972 Country Life 30 Nov. 1541/3 You can afford to entertain with the real thing [sc. Sevruga caviar] and not pass off Danish Lumpfish roe (dyed black) as a substitute.
1974 Observer 15 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 76/2 The lumpfish, known also as the cock- or hen~paddle on account of the thick crest shaping its back, is a creature of character.
1974 Observer 15 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 76/2 There is lumpfish caviare, which comes dyed black, and pearly, in small glass pots from Iceland and Denmark.
lump sucker n. = main sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Cyclopteridae (lump-fishes) > cyclopterus lumpus (lump-fish)
lump1545
mugle1574
paddle1589
sea-owl1601
snot-fish1655
sea-poult1658
werrell1658
cockpaddle1684
urchin lumpfish1688
bagaty1710
lumpfish1744
sucker1753
suck-fish1753
lump sucker1776
red lump1832
sucking-fish1867
sea-hen1892
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 133 Lump sucker.
1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes (1859) II. 343 The Lump Sucker is remarkable for its very grotesque form.
1883 Official Catal. Internat. Fisheries Exhib. (ed. 4) 105 A Lump Sucker, caught at S. Leonards.
1959 A. Hardy Fish & Fisheries x. 193 Another surprise in this first haul was a lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus which I had previously decided to leave out of the book, thinking it to be an entirely coastal species... Its body is covered with little protuberances giving it a somewhat toad-like appearance; but it is bright with a pink hue on its lower parts.
1974 Observer 15 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 76/2 They [sc. the female lumpfish] swim off leaving the males in charge, who cling to the rock by means of a suction disc between the pelvic fins—hence yet another name, lumpsucker.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lumpv.1

Brit. /lʌmp/, U.S. /ləmp/
Forms: In 1500s lompe.
Etymology: Compare the synonymous lamp (see Eng. Dial. Dict.) and Dutch lompen.
Now dialect.
transitive. To beat, thresh; to beat or thresh out. Also absol., to thresh.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)]
abeatOE
beatc1000
dingc1300
dintc1300
bulka1400
batc1440
hampera1529
pommel1530
lump1546
pummel1548
bebatter1567
filch1567
peal-pelt1582
reverberate1599
vapulate1603
over-labour1632
polt1652
bepat1676
flog1801
quilt1822
meller1862
tund1885
massage1924
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. ii. sig. G But what nede we lumpe out loue at ones lashyng.
1550 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Spyrytuall & Precyouse Pearle vi. sig. Dv As the..laundres washeth, beateth, lompeth, and clappeth the fowle, vnclenly and defyled clothes.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 65 Delving the ditch..Or lumping corn out in a dusty barn.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 31 The thresher once lumping, we heard him no more.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Lump. (1) To beat severely. Var. dial.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lumpv.2

Brit. /lʌmp/, U.S. /ləmp/
Etymology: Of symbolic sound; compare dump, glump, grump, hump, mump.
1. intransitive. To look sulky or disagreeable. (In early quots. always in collocation with lour.)
ΘΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > expression of ill humour > express ill humour [verb (intransitive)] > frown or scowl
lourc1290
scowl1340
frownc1386
glouta1400
gloomc1400
gluma1500
lump1577
to knit, bend one's brows1600
caperate1623
glower1775
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande i. f. 3/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They stande lumping and lowring.., for that they imagine, that all theyr euill lucke proceeded of hym.
1581 B. Rich Farewell Militarie Profession Dd iv b She beganne to froune, lumpe, and lowre at her housebande.
1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 19 At home they will lumpe and lower.
1594 T. Lodge Wounds Ciuill War iv. i. F 2 How fare these Lords that lumping pouting proud Imagine how to quell me with their lookes?
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Lump..(3) To be or look sulky. Devon.
2. transitive. In antithesis with like: To be displeased at (something that must be endured). colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)]
mislikea1225
displease1377
to take agrief?a1400
to take in grievinga1400
to like illc1425
to take grief witha1556
mind1562
disconceit1625
to take heinously1632
mistake1725
lump1833
thank1874
1833 J. Neal Down-easters I. vii. 104 Let 'em lump it if they don't like it.
1835–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker Pref. (1862) 6 A man that would be guilty of such an action is no gentleman, that's flat, and if you don't like it you may lump it.
1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People xi. 94 I'll buy clothes as I see fit, and if anybody don't like it, why they may lump it, that's all.
1893 Grant Allen in R. Blathwayt's Interviews Pref. 11 Whether we like him or lump him, he [the Interviewer] is master of the situation.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lumpv.3

Brit. /lʌmp/, U.S. /ləmp/
Etymology: < lump n.1Compare lumping adj. 2, which occurs much earlier than the verb.
1. transitive.
a. To melt down into a lump.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > heat > melt
yeteOE
wella1250
melt1535
temper1535
to melt downa1586
conflate1664
lump1797
sweat1883
to melt up1888
1797 M. Robinson Walsingham IV. xc. 279 Topas nicked the family plate, and has lumped it by this time, with my pink diamond into the bargain.
b. To form or raise into lumps.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > make protuberant [verb (transitive)] > form into or cover with lumps
lump1852
lump1879
1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 12 I the mattress spread, And equal lay whatever lumps the bed.
1893 Earl of Dunmore Pamirs II. 293 Ploughed fields, one of which was ‘lumped up’ for melon planting, each lump a mound about two feet high.
c. To cover with lumps.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > make protuberant [verb (transitive)] > form into or cover with lumps
lump1852
lump1879
1879 G. Meredith Egoist xxiii An old cuirass..lumped with a strange adhesive concrete.
2. To put altogether in one ‘lump’, mass, sum, or group, without discrimination or regard for particulars or details; to take, consider, or deal with ‘in the lump’.
a. simply. spec. in Taxonomy: To classify (plants and animals) without using minute variations as a basis for the establishment of a large number of different species or genera. Cf. lumper n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps
wholec1443
consolidate1511
clod1530
thicken?1578
contract1620
acervate1623
lump1624
bundlea1628
club1641
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
commassate1694
slump1822
pack1824
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > fail to distinguish or confuse [verb (transitive)] > put together without discrimination
lump1624
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
to lump (together) in or into, occasionally under1703
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > [verb (transitive)] > classify in specific manner
lump1893
1624 R. Montagu Immediate Addresse 84 They agree not long with and amongst themselues,..let them be lumped or consorted as they would haue it, as they please.
1721 C. King Brit. Merchant I. 223 They are as much out in their Estimation..as they are in their other goods, which they lump at above 480000l. whereas they amount only to 168884l.
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xiii. 87 They always lump the petty officers and common seamen.
1852 H. C. Watson Cybele Britannica III. 8 Early training under the late Professor Graham, and geographical convenience, are very likely to have given to me..a predisposition to ‘lump’ species.
1884 R. Browning Camel-driver in Ferishtah's Fancies Man lumps his kind i' the mass. God singles thence Unit by unit.
1893 R. Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 75 Dr. Gray (who certainly did not err on the side of ‘lumping’ species).
1945 A. Young Prospect of Flowers xx. 151 Our Village Schoolmistress carries lumping to an extreme degree.
1962 C. W. Mackworth-Praed & C. H. B. Grant Birds S. Third Afr. I. p. xi It will be noted that we have not followed the modern trend of ‘lumping’ species and that we keep specific rank in this work for more birds than is usual nowadays.
1973 Nature 30 Mar. 353/1 The general absence of subgenera and species groups [in Chiarelli's classification of primates], combined with some tendency to ‘lump’ has meant the virtual disappearance of certain significant distinctions.
b. to lump together (occasionally up).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps
wholec1443
consolidate1511
clod1530
thicken?1578
contract1620
acervate1623
lump1624
bundlea1628
club1641
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
commassate1694
slump1822
pack1824
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > fail to distinguish or confuse [verb (transitive)] > put together without discrimination
lump1624
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
to lump (together) in or into, occasionally under1703
1692 T. P. Blount Ess. 103 Take the World in Gross, and lump it together.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 82 A compensation of Expences ought to be made, that is to say in English, the Expences ought to be lump'd together and divided.
1856 Maxwell in Life (1882) viii. 239 A tendency in the human mind to lump up all causes, and give them an aggregate name.
1895 F. Harrison in 19th Cent. Aug. 314 All systems of unorthodox philosophy are lumped together by him as mere forms of contemporary superstition.
c. to lump (together) in or into, occasionally under.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > fail to distinguish or confuse [verb (transitive)] > put together without discrimination
lump1624
to lump together (occasionally up)1692
to lump (together) in or into, occasionally under1703
1703 D. Defoe Freeholder's Plea Misc. 182 Our Liberties and Armies, and Fleets, and Parliaments, and Nation, are not Lump'd into Bargains.
1839 J. Sterling Ess. & Tales (1848) I. 326 Mr. Carlyle lumps under the same condemnation all introspection of a man's being.
1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 27 511 The premium and the principal are lumped in one sum.
1902 Bond Lyly's Wks. II. 249 The..earlier work which I have lumped together under the wide title of Moralities.
d. to lump (something) into or(in) with (something else): see 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > fail to discriminate [verb (intransitive)]
to know no faces1569
misdistinguish1593
to lump (something) into or(in) with1796
scattergun1968
1796 J. Bentham Protest against Law Taxes (1816) 56 It comes lumped to him in the general mass of law charges: a heap of items, among which no vulgar eye can ever hope to discriminate.
1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii Farmer Seedling lumps it in with his tithes... Lumps it in, sir! Lump in a charitable donation!
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii 202 ‘I won't,’ said Tom,..lumping them all in his mind with his sworn enemy.
1874 G. J. Whyte-Melville Uncle John II. xviii. 193 The General lumped him in with a body of dancing men..he was pleased to call the Light Brigade.
3.
†a. To pay in a lump sum. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1753 P. Drake Memoirs (1755) I. xv. 147 The Turnkey proposed to us, to lump (as he called it) the coming down Money.
b. To lay the whole of (a particular sum of money) on a single object.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)]
back1697
to put one's money on1847
to put one's shirt on1856
play1858
lump1864
lay1877
stand1877
to get on ——1884
to bet (also stake) one's shirt (that)1892
to go a (or the) bundle on1938
1864 Derby Day iii. 32 He lumped it all upon an outsider, and backed him to win the Chester Cup.
1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy v If I only had a dollar in the world..I'd lump it all on my system.
4.
a. intransitive. To collect together into a lump; to be formed or raised into lumps. Also to lump large, to bulk large, be imposing or impressive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > other specific kinds of texture > [verb (intransitive)] > form lumps
clotterc1405
clodder1499
clod1530
clot1530
cluster1561
clunter1587
clutter1601
coagulate1669
lump1722
coalesce1759
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > be or become protuberant [verb (intransitive)] > form lumps
lump1852
1722 Robie in Philos. Trans. 1720–21 (Royal Soc.) 31 122 [To] cause the Ashes to lump or clodder together.
1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 397 Leather thus made..does not lump under the hammer.
1856 Symonds in H. F. Brown Biog. (1895) I. 82 I have a new cover and cushion made for my chair. It is much fatter and more comfortable than the old one, which used to lump up all in a heap.
b. Of the throat: to have a ‘lump’ rise in it.
ΚΠ
1912 J. London Son of Sun vi. § 2. 230 Deacon could not speak. His throat lumped and he nodded his head as he reached for the cards.
5. To move heavily, ‘stump’ along; to drop down like a lump.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk, tread, or step [verb (intransitive)] > heavily
stamp1490
trample1530
tramp1570
stump1600
thump1604
clump1665
trape1706
pound1801
clamp1808
clomp1829
lump1861
tromp1892
stunt1901
stomp1919
1861 F. W. Robinson No Church Prol. (1863) 4 The old woman gave a snort like a sea-horse, lumped down in her bed, and drew her counterpane over her head.
1861 F. W. Robinson No Church viii. 61 He scrambled up with an oath, lumped down again in a sitting posture, and stared before him stupidly.
1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. Prel. 4 They lump along like the old lob-legs of Dobbin the horse.
6. (Influenced by lumper n. 1) To act as a lumper, to load or unload cargoes. Hence, (colloquial) to carry or shift (something heavy) about.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > be transported by water [verb (intransitive)] > load or unload cargoes
lump1890
the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > carry > about
bearc1475
lump1946
1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 33/2 (Thieves), to lump the lighter, to be transported. In this case to lump signifies to load.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 10 Oct. 10/1 He..soon had the squad of irregulars at hard work ‘lumping’ as heartily as any gang of dock labourers.
1911 ‘Kiwi’ On the Swag 14 For a month or so [I] was lumping on the wharf at the Spit.
1925 A. B. Armitage Cadet to Commodore vi. 43 I earned sixteen shillings a week by ‘lumping’ in the docks.
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xiii. 201 ‘I promised her a salmon.’ He felt a fool lumping the great thing about.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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