maintainern.

Brit.

/meɪnˈteɪnə/,

/mənˈteɪnə/, U.S.

/meɪnˈteɪnər/

Forms: Middle English mantenowr, Middle English mayntenere, Middle English mayntenor, Middle English mayntenour, Middle English mayntenoure, Middle English mayntenowre, Middle English mayntenure, Middle English maynteynour, Middle English mayntynnuer, Middle English mayntynour, Middle English maytener (transmission error), Middle English meinteinour, Middle English meyntenor, Middle English meyntenour, Middle English meyntenoure, Middle English meyntenowre, Middle English meynteynour, Middle English meyntynor, Middle English meyntynore, Middle English meyntynour, Middle English meyteyner (transmission error), Middle English–1500s mayntener, Middle English–1500s meyntener, Middle English–1500s meynteyner, 1500s maintaignar, 1500s maintayner, 1500s mainteinour, 1500s maintener, 1500s maintenour, 1500s mainteyner, 1500s mayntayner, 1500s maynteiner, 1500s maynteinour, 1500s maynteyner, 1500s–1600s mainteiner, 1500s– maintainer, 1600s mainteener, 1800s– maintainor; Scottish pre-1700 mainteaner, pre-1700 mainteener, pre-1700 mainteimar, pre-1700 mainteinar, pre-1700 mainteiner, pre-1700 maintenar, pre-1700 manetenar, pre-1700 manetenour, pre-1700 mantainer, pre-1700 manteamer, pre-1700 manteaner, pre-1700 manteinar, pre-1700 manteinare, pre-1700 manteiner, pre-1700 manteinner, pre-1700 manteinour, pre-1700 mantenair, pre-1700 mantenar, pre-1700 mantenare, pre-1700 mantenner, pre-1700 manteynar, pre-1700 manteyner, pre-1700 mayntenour, pre-1700 meintener, pre-1700 menteaner, pre-1700 menteinar, pre-1700 menteiner, pre-1700 mentenar, pre-1700 mentiner, pre-1700 1700s– maintainer.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French maintenour, mainteneor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maintenour, meinteneor helper, protector, abettor, maintainer (in legal use in sense 1), and Old French mainteneor, Middle French mainteneur (French mainteneur ) protector, defender (c1155), person who keeps a promise (c1470), person who supports something (1563) < maintenir maintain v. + -eor -or suffix. Compare post-classical Latin manutentor protector, also in legal use in sense 1 (from c1115 and c1320 respectively in British sources). Remodelled with -er suffix¹ in late Middle English.

I. Senses applied to a person.

†1. Law. A person who supports a suit in which he or she has no legally recognized interest. Cf. maintenance n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > illegal involvement in a suit > one who

maintainera1325

champertorc1503

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxvii. 87 Hose wole plainen him of conspirators, of sustenors of false plaintes, of meintenours for te habbe part þerof, ant of controuurs, bargainours, þat a ben bifore þe kinge to ansuuerien to þe plaintours þoru þis writ.

1414 Rolls of Parl. IV. 60/1 Which fredam the forseide Priour and Chanons and her mayntenours..wolden byneme us.

c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) ii. 78 (MED) No manere meyntenour shulde merkis bere, Ne haue lordis leuere þe lawe to apeire.

1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 13 Punishment of the Maintainers and Embracers of the Jurors.

1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 3 Vnlawfull maintenours embrasours and Jurours.

1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 188 No Sheriffe or Steward..shall suffer any Barettor, or maintainer of Quarrels, in their Countrie Courts, or other Courts.

1668 H. Rolle Abridgm. 53 Thou art a common maintainer of Suits, and a Champertor, and I will have thee thrown over the Bar next Terme.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (1896) III. xxi. 550 The maintainers of false causes, whether they were barons or lawyers, became very early the object of severe legislation.

1898 Encycl. Laws Eng. VIII. 74 The maintainor must have some special interest other than that of the public at large.

a. A person who upholds, defends, guards, keeps in being, or preserves unharmed a cause, right, law, state of things, etc. Also: spec. the god whose creative power keeps the world in being.

ΚΠ

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 29 (MED) Alle cristene men crieth out on this fals lawe and on the makeris and meyntenouris therof.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 146 (MED) Geffrey le fitz Pers, William dela Bruere—Þise were mayntenours to sustene þe coroun.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 186 (MED) By iugement He cruelly shuld be brought adawe..of crystene feyth as a meyntenour.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 918 Confounders of yll..Mayntenours of ryght.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij^v O where be rulers, meynteyners of Iustyce.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. v Blessed are the maynteyners of peace.

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ep. Ded. Ma. Phi. Sidney, a special fauourer & maintainer of all kind of learning.

a1657 W. Mure Misc. Poems in Wks. (1898) I. 75 Mainteener of my lote thow art.

1658 A. Cokayne Small Poems 124 A great maintainer Of our great Grand-Father's vertue, Hospitality.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. iii. iii. 169 The Maintainers of all the different Sects in the World.

1781 S. Johnson Life Cave in Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 57 A tenacious maintainer, though not a clamorous demander of his right.

1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 66 She a school-mistress, a keeper of silence, a maintainer of discipline!

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lix. 321 Polysperchon..appears as the maintainer of the rights of Hercules.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 124 The maintainer of justice..is aiming at strengthening the man.

1934 T. S. Eliot Rock i. 45 Mother Church..is the bulwark of society, the great maintainer of stability.

1973 J. Berryman Recovery (1974) 49 I didn't blame God for that, I just lost all personal sense of Him. No doubt about the Creator and Maintainer, and later it became quite clear to me that He made Himself available to certain men and women in terms of inspiration.

1999 V. Shiva in G. Tansey & J. D'Silva Meat Business xviii. 205 In India, the turtle is considered sacred. It is one of the ten ‘avatars’ or incarnations of Vishnu, the lord of creation and maintainer.

†b. A person who fosters or supports wrongdoing, sedition, false quarrels, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1400 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 274 (MED) Thomas Austyn..hath ben on of the principal meyntenors of tretorie touchynge to owre lyge lord the kyng.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. 288 Mede ys euermore a meyntenour of gyle.

c1450 Form Excommunication (Claud.) in E. Peacock Myre's Instr. Parish Priests (1902) 64 (MED) Alle þat disturbulleth pes of the londe, & alle..mayteneres of Felonye.

1483 ( Pilgrimage of Soul iii. iv. 53 Ye laweours and maynteners of wrong.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/2 Mayntener of quarels..or other comon mysdoers.

?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors ix. sig. C3^v Thei be maynteyners of discord for their priuate lukers sake.

1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Fostararis of falset..Mantenaris of murther.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iv. 74 All breeders and maintainers of sedition.

1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley v. i Nor am I..seconder, perswader, forwarder, Principall, or maintainer of this late theft.

1710 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) App. 2. 177 The Sword..Fills Towns with Ruin, fields with blood beside Tis Sloths Maintainer, And the Shield of pride.

†3.

a. A person who gives aid or support to another; a defender and helper. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager

friendOE

procurera1325

fautorc1330

voweec1380

corner-stonec1384

abettor1387

vocatec1390

procurator1395

maintainer?a1400

proctora1413

supporter1426

comforter1483

factorc1503

allower1528

advancer1536

affirmer?1541

agreer1548

encourager1562

fortifierc1565

favourer1567

aim-crier1597

suffragator1606

seconder1623

countenancera1625

affectionate1628

adstipulator1646

flesher1646

fauterera1662

advocate1735

sympathizer1816

sympathista1834

advocator1837

ite1852

rooter1889

spear-carrier1960

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 3194 Þou comes to reue our socoure þat suld be our mayntenoure.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17056 For now lesen thei her mayntenoure And alle the gode that thei owe.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 320/2 Mayntenowre, manutentor, defensor, supportator, fautor.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxx. 6 The maynteyners of the londe of Egipte shal fall.

1578 Bk. Christian Prayers in Private Prayers (1851) 504 Thou, Lord, art my maintainer, and the holder up of my head.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 28 Seeing he acts by dependance on Him, as all the Rest do, we must compare None of them to their Maintainer.

b. A person who aids and abets another in wrongdoing or error. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > chiefly in something bad

maintainer?a1400

abetter1457

bolsterer1523

abettor1569

succentor1609

bettor1671

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 255 Edward þei cald & teld, þat he was mayntenoure, Þe robbed he all held, as a resceyuour.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 59 Heretykes..& alle here mayntenourys or fauourerys.

1495 Act II Hen. VII c. 10 §2 The mayntenours of him or theym so mysdoing.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclvj^v The counsell of Calcedonie deposed Dioscorides the maynteyner of Eutyches from his Byshoprike.

1566–7 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 497 Ane mantenar of wickit and brokin men.

1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 2 §2 All..Aydors, Comforters, or Maynteyners of anye the said..Offendors.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 141 Maintenars and patrons of euil doars.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxii. §7. 548 The Conspiratours..had neither any mightie partakers in their fact, nor strong maintainers of their persons.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 233 in Justice Vindicated The aiders, maintainers and concealers, who shall not within twenty daies..disclose the same to some Justice of Peace.

4. (a) A person who provides for the upkeep of a place, a thing, etc.; a person who keeps a thing in repair or in working order. (b) A person who provides another with the necessaries of life; †a person who keeps a mistress (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > one who

maintainera1450

provisora1475

provider1616

sustentationa1631

head-worker1640

support1677

breadwinner1783

family head2002

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > one who preserves in being or condition

sustenance?a1430

maintainera1450

supportera1450

founder1548

retainer1548

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > keeping mistress or lover > one who keeps a mistress

maintainera1450

keeper1676

concubinator1882

protector1905

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 351 (MED) He preyde hym so feyre, he myȝt non other, Bot grauntede for [to] be hure patrone And mayntenere of þat place.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Rr.ii Therefore wo be to the erecter, setter vp, and mainteyner of ymages in Churches and Temples.

1591 Edinb. Test. XXIII. f. 45, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Maintenar The ladie Garleis to be mentenar of the said Johne.

1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered v. 17 An whoremaster and a minion maintainer.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. ii. 19 Be assur'd first Of a new mainteiner ere you cashire the old one.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 199 The Clergie, who are the chief maintainers of these Ganimedes.

1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. iii. 59 Plato would not have..the People [called] Servants, but Maintainers of their Magistrates, because they give Meat, Drink, and Wages to their Kings themselves.

1870 Echo 12 Nov. Every thief his own maintainer, every prisoner his own reformer.

1967 G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway v. 56 Behind every failure or loss of time there is a designer, maintainer or operator.

1992 Engineering News Sept. 7/3 How to motivate operators and maintainers to work as effective, problem-solving teams will be focus of attention during the workshop session.

5. A person who upholds or supports something in speech or argument; a person who contends for the truth or validity of a doctrine, assertion, tenet, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > defensive argument > exponent of

maintainerc1520

apologist1640

apologizer1660

c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 321 (margin) A man as is..a menteinar of heresye.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxxij The maynteners of that doctrine, are nother called nor hearde.

a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xxi. 151 Iacobus..was in his time a mighty inlarger of Eutiches sect, and maintainer of his opinion.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 349 He was..a principal maintainer of Protestancy.

1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 404 The Maintainers of the Immateriality of the Divine Substance were likewise divided into two Parties.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. xii. 275 Epicurus..maintain'd no such Doctrine of Necessity, but was the greatest Maintainer of Contingence.

a1832 R. Jebb Gen. Princ. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 702/1 To quiet the violent contest of two honest maintainers of contrary opinions.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 154 The conservative maintainers of the ‘status in quo’ ought to have been called upon to justify..what had actually taken place.

1890 T. W. Allies Peter's Rock 333 A maintainer of the Catholic and Apostolic faith immutilate.

†6. A mine owner; a shareholder in a mine. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Yiij I could wish that some of the Cross Carping Maintainers might try the difference of these two Airs.

1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. Maintainer, one who holds or posses[s]es a share of a Mine.

II. Senses applied to an object.

7. A thing which maintains or preserves something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > that which

foodOE

breadc1175

sustainera1325

sustenance?a1430

maintainer1551

sustain1567

aliment?1608

alimony1626

1551 T. Raynald tr. A. Vesalius Compend. Declar. Vertues Oile Imperial sig. Eiv The verie true Elixir vitæ, maintaignar and prorogar of the same, is the holsom habite.

1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 23 Breade and Wyne, two of the cheefest mainteiners of mans life.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxxi. 292 Outward heat draweth out their inward moisture, which should be the maintainer and food of their heat natural.

1696 T. Tryon Misc. i. 3 The Volatile Spirit..is the Essential Life of every thing, and is the maintainer of its Colour.

1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 4268/1 We have cloned and sequenced the rice ATPase subunit 9 genes (atp9) from mitochondria in a male sterile line (Zhenshan 97A), its maintainer line (Zhenshan 97B) and restorer line (IR26).

8. Watchmaking and Clockmaking. An apparatus for keeping the movement of a clock or watch from being interrupted during the process of winding.

ΚΠ

1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 119 In some of Arnold's watches is a continuous maintainer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	maintainer
释义	maintainern. Brit. /meɪnˈteɪnə/, /mənˈteɪnə/, U.S. /meɪnˈteɪnər/ Forms: Middle English mantenowr, Middle English mayntenere, Middle English mayntenor, Middle English mayntenour, Middle English mayntenoure, Middle English mayntenowre, Middle English mayntenure, Middle English maynteynour, Middle English mayntynnuer, Middle English mayntynour, Middle English maytener (transmission error), Middle English meinteinour, Middle English meyntenor, Middle English meyntenour, Middle English meyntenoure, Middle English meyntenowre, Middle English meynteynour, Middle English meyntynor, Middle English meyntynore, Middle English meyntynour, Middle English meyteyner (transmission error), Middle English–1500s mayntener, Middle English–1500s meyntener, Middle English–1500s meynteyner, 1500s maintaignar, 1500s maintayner, 1500s mainteinour, 1500s maintener, 1500s maintenour, 1500s mainteyner, 1500s mayntayner, 1500s maynteiner, 1500s maynteinour, 1500s maynteyner, 1500s–1600s mainteiner, 1500s– maintainer, 1600s mainteener, 1800s– maintainor; Scottish pre-1700 mainteaner, pre-1700 mainteener, pre-1700 mainteimar, pre-1700 mainteinar, pre-1700 mainteiner, pre-1700 maintenar, pre-1700 manetenar, pre-1700 manetenour, pre-1700 mantainer, pre-1700 manteamer, pre-1700 manteaner, pre-1700 manteinar, pre-1700 manteinare, pre-1700 manteiner, pre-1700 manteinner, pre-1700 manteinour, pre-1700 mantenair, pre-1700 mantenar, pre-1700 mantenare, pre-1700 mantenner, pre-1700 manteynar, pre-1700 manteyner, pre-1700 mayntenour, pre-1700 meintener, pre-1700 menteaner, pre-1700 menteinar, pre-1700 menteiner, pre-1700 mentenar, pre-1700 mentiner, pre-1700 1700s– maintainer. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French maintenour, mainteneor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maintenour, meinteneor helper, protector, abettor, maintainer (in legal use in sense 1), and Old French mainteneor, Middle French mainteneur (French mainteneur ) protector, defender (c1155), person who keeps a promise (c1470), person who supports something (1563) < maintenir maintain v. + -eor -or suffix. Compare post-classical Latin manutentor protector, also in legal use in sense 1 (from c1115 and c1320 respectively in British sources). Remodelled with -er suffix¹ in late Middle English. I. Senses applied to a person. †1. Law. A person who supports a suit in which he or she has no legally recognized interest. Cf. maintenance n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > illegal involvement in a suit > one who maintainera1325 champertorc1503 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxvii. 87 Hose wole plainen him of conspirators, of sustenors of false plaintes, of meintenours for te habbe part þerof, ant of controuurs, bargainours, þat a ben bifore þe kinge to ansuuerien to þe plaintours þoru þis writ. 1414 Rolls of Parl. IV. 60/1 Which fredam the forseide Priour and Chanons and her mayntenours..wolden byneme us. c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) ii. 78 (MED) No manere meyntenour shulde merkis bere, Ne haue lordis leuere þe lawe to apeire. 1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 13 Punishment of the Maintainers and Embracers of the Jurors. 1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 3 Vnlawfull maintenours embrasours and Jurours. 1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 188 No Sheriffe or Steward..shall suffer any Barettor, or maintainer of Quarrels, in their Countrie Courts, or other Courts. 1668 H. Rolle Abridgm. 53 Thou art a common maintainer of Suits, and a Champertor, and I will have thee thrown over the Bar next Terme. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (1896) III. xxi. 550 The maintainers of false causes, whether they were barons or lawyers, became very early the object of severe legislation. 1898 Encycl. Laws Eng. VIII. 74 The maintainor must have some special interest other than that of the public at large. 2. a. A person who upholds, defends, guards, keeps in being, or preserves unharmed a cause, right, law, state of things, etc. Also: spec. the god whose creative power keeps the world in being. ΚΠ Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 29 (MED) Alle cristene men crieth out on this fals lawe and on the makeris and meyntenouris therof. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 146 (MED) Geffrey le fitz Pers, William dela Bruere—Þise were mayntenours to sustene þe coroun. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 186 (MED) By iugement He cruelly shuld be brought adawe..of crystene feyth as a meyntenour. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 918 Confounders of yll..Mayntenours of ryght. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Ciiij^v O where be rulers, meynteyners of Iustyce. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. v Blessed are the maynteyners of peace. 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Ep. Ded. Ma. Phi. Sidney, a special fauourer & maintainer of all kind of learning. a1657 W. Mure Misc. Poems in Wks. (1898) I. 75 Mainteener of my lote thow art. 1658 A. Cokayne Small Poems 124 A great maintainer Of our great Grand-Father's vertue, Hospitality. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. iii. iii. 169 The Maintainers of all the different Sects in the World. View more context for this quotation 1781 S. Johnson Life Cave in Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 57 A tenacious maintainer, though not a clamorous demander of his right. 1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 66 She a school-mistress, a keeper of silence, a maintainer of discipline! 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lix. 321 Polysperchon..appears as the maintainer of the rights of Hercules. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 124 The maintainer of justice..is aiming at strengthening the man. 1934 T. S. Eliot Rock i. 45 Mother Church..is the bulwark of society, the great maintainer of stability. 1973 J. Berryman Recovery (1974) 49 I didn't blame God for that, I just lost all personal sense of Him. No doubt about the Creator and Maintainer, and later it became quite clear to me that He made Himself available to certain men and women in terms of inspiration. 1999 V. Shiva in G. Tansey & J. D'Silva Meat Business xviii. 205 In India, the turtle is considered sacred. It is one of the ten ‘avatars’ or incarnations of Vishnu, the lord of creation and maintainer. †b. A person who fosters or supports wrongdoing, sedition, false quarrels, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1400 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 274 (MED) Thomas Austyn..hath ben on of the principal meyntenors of tretorie touchynge to owre lyge lord the kyng. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. 288 Mede ys euermore a meyntenour of gyle. c1450 Form Excommunication (Claud.) in E. Peacock Myre's Instr. Parish Priests (1902) 64 (MED) Alle þat disturbulleth pes of the londe, & alle..mayteneres of Felonye. 1483 ( Pilgrimage of Soul iii. iv. 53 Ye laweours and maynteners of wrong. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/2 Mayntener of quarels..or other comon mysdoers. ?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors ix. sig. C3^v Thei be maynteyners of discord for their priuate lukers sake. 1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) Fostararis of falset..Mantenaris of murther. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. iv. 74 All breeders and maintainers of sedition. 1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley v. i Nor am I..seconder, perswader, forwarder, Principall, or maintainer of this late theft. 1710 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) App. 2. 177 The Sword..Fills Towns with Ruin, fields with blood beside Tis Sloths Maintainer, And the Shield of pride. †3. a. A person who gives aid or support to another; a defender and helper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager friendOE procurera1325 fautorc1330 voweec1380 corner-stonec1384 abettor1387 vocatec1390 procurator1395 maintainer?a1400 proctora1413 supporter1426 comforter1483 factorc1503 allower1528 advancer1536 affirmer?1541 agreer1548 encourager1562 fortifierc1565 favourer1567 aim-crier1597 suffragator1606 seconder1623 countenancera1625 affectionate1628 adstipulator1646 flesher1646 fauterera1662 advocate1735 sympathizer1816 sympathista1834 advocator1837 ite1852 rooter1889 spear-carrier1960 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 3194 Þou comes to reue our socoure þat suld be our mayntenoure. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17056 For now lesen thei her mayntenoure And alle the gode that thei owe. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 320/2 Mayntenowre, manutentor, defensor, supportator, fautor. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxx. 6 The maynteyners of the londe of Egipte shal fall. 1578 Bk. Christian Prayers in Private Prayers (1851) 504 Thou, Lord, art my maintainer, and the holder up of my head. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. ix. 28 Seeing he acts by dependance on Him, as all the Rest do, we must compare None of them to their Maintainer. b. A person who aids and abets another in wrongdoing or error. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > chiefly in something bad maintainer?a1400 abetter1457 bolsterer1523 abettor1569 succentor1609 bettor1671 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 255 Edward þei cald & teld, þat he was mayntenoure, Þe robbed he all held, as a resceyuour. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 59 Heretykes..& alle here mayntenourys or fauourerys. 1495 Act II Hen. VII c. 10 §2 The mayntenours of him or theym so mysdoing. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclvj^v The counsell of Calcedonie deposed Dioscorides the maynteyner of Eutyches from his Byshoprike. 1566–7 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 497 Ane mantenar of wickit and brokin men. 1570 Act 13 Eliz. c. 2 §2 All..Aydors, Comforters, or Maynteyners of anye the said..Offendors. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 141 Maintenars and patrons of euil doars. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxii. §7. 548 The Conspiratours..had neither any mightie partakers in their fact, nor strong maintainers of their persons. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 233 in Justice Vindicated The aiders, maintainers and concealers, who shall not within twenty daies..disclose the same to some Justice of Peace. 4. (a) A person who provides for the upkeep of a place, a thing, etc.; a person who keeps a thing in repair or in working order. (b) A person who provides another with the necessaries of life; †a person who keeps a mistress (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > one who maintainera1450 provisora1475 provider1616 sustentationa1631 head-worker1640 support1677 breadwinner1783 family head2002 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > one who preserves in being or condition sustenance?a1430 maintainera1450 supportera1450 founder1548 retainer1548 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > keeping mistress or lover > one who keeps a mistress maintainera1450 keeper1676 concubinator1882 protector1905 a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 351 (MED) He preyde hym so feyre, he myȝt non other, Bot grauntede for [to] be hure patrone And mayntenere of þat place. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Rr.ii Therefore wo be to the erecter, setter vp, and mainteyner of ymages in Churches and Temples. 1591 Edinb. Test. XXIII. f. 45, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Maintenar The ladie Garleis to be mentenar of the said Johne. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered v. 17 An whoremaster and a minion maintainer. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. ii. 19 Be assur'd first Of a new mainteiner ere you cashire the old one. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 199 The Clergie, who are the chief maintainers of these Ganimedes. 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. iii. 59 Plato would not have..the People [called] Servants, but Maintainers of their Magistrates, because they give Meat, Drink, and Wages to their Kings themselves. 1870 Echo 12 Nov. Every thief his own maintainer, every prisoner his own reformer. 1967 G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway v. 56 Behind every failure or loss of time there is a designer, maintainer or operator. 1992 Engineering News Sept. 7/3 How to motivate operators and maintainers to work as effective, problem-solving teams will be focus of attention during the workshop session. 5. A person who upholds or supports something in speech or argument; a person who contends for the truth or validity of a doctrine, assertion, tenet, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > defensive argument > exponent of maintainerc1520 apologist1640 apologizer1660 c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. 321 (margin) A man as is..a menteinar of heresye. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxxij The maynteners of that doctrine, are nother called nor hearde. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xxi. 151 Iacobus..was in his time a mighty inlarger of Eutiches sect, and maintainer of his opinion. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 349 He was..a principal maintainer of Protestancy. 1738 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses I. 404 The Maintainers of the Immateriality of the Divine Substance were likewise divided into two Parties. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will iv. xii. 275 Epicurus..maintain'd no such Doctrine of Necessity, but was the greatest Maintainer of Contingence. a1832 R. Jebb Gen. Princ. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 702/1 To quiet the violent contest of two honest maintainers of contrary opinions. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 154 The conservative maintainers of the ‘status in quo’ ought to have been called upon to justify..what had actually taken place. 1890 T. W. Allies Peter's Rock 333 A maintainer of the Catholic and Apostolic faith immutilate. †6. A mine owner; a shareholder in a mine. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Yiij I could wish that some of the Cross Carping Maintainers might try the difference of these two Airs. 1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. Maintainer, one who holds or posses[s]es a share of a Mine. II. Senses applied to an object. 7. A thing which maintains or preserves something. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > that which foodOE breadc1175 sustainera1325 sustenance?a1430 maintainer1551 sustain1567 aliment?1608 alimony1626 1551 T. Raynald tr. A. Vesalius Compend. Declar. Vertues Oile Imperial sig. Eiv The verie true Elixir vitæ, maintaignar and prorogar of the same, is the holsom habite. 1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 23 Breade and Wyne, two of the cheefest mainteiners of mans life. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxxi. 292 Outward heat draweth out their inward moisture, which should be the maintainer and food of their heat natural. 1696 T. Tryon Misc. i. 3 The Volatile Spirit..is the Essential Life of every thing, and is the maintainer of its Colour. 1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 4268/1 We have cloned and sequenced the rice ATPase subunit 9 genes (atp9) from mitochondria in a male sterile line (Zhenshan 97A), its maintainer line (Zhenshan 97B) and restorer line (IR26). 8. Watchmaking and Clockmaking. An apparatus for keeping the movement of a clock or watch from being interrupted during the process of winding. ΚΠ 1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 119 In some of Arnold's watches is a continuous maintainer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1325
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