maintainingn.

Brit.

/meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/,

/mənˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

Forms: see maintain v. and -ing suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 manttinyn.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: maintain v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < maintain v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of maintain v.; maintenance, support, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > maintaining or upholding as true > [noun]

maintaininga1387

maintenancec1450

upholding1587

asserting1644

vindication1871

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > action of

maintaininga1387

finding1389

supporting1431

founding1697

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges > of maintenance or upkeep

maintaininga1387

maintenance1389

supportation1421

pension1431

maintain1483

the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > as dependent on sustenance > means of life > action of supplying

maintaininga1387

support1561

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > supporting

bearinga1387

maintaininga1387

sustaining1395

supportinga1450

underpropping1586

backing1598

upholding1605

through-bearing1656

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > preserving in proper condition

keepingc1330

upholdinga1350

maintaininga1387

maintenance1389

reparation1389

uphold1471

maintain1483

repair1524

keep1763

upkeep1884

upkeeping1899

preventive maintenance1937

society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges > of maintenance or upkeep > of one's state in life

maintaining1592

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance

sustenance1389

relevation?1418

sustentation1477

supportation?a1500

sustentmenta1500

upbearing1501

entertainment1568

maintaining1644

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 37 (MED) He..ȝaf..to Iuges power of doomes, and to þe senatoures kepynge and meyntenynge of þe lawes.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 100 Þorgh Anselm may [n] tenyng was þe contek ent.

?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 322 In alle þis fals meyntenyng, þei holden wiþ þe fend aȝenst God.

1490–1 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 37 To the maynteynynge of the light before the rode, xxijs. jd. ob.

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching To Rdr. sig. A3^v Except they applied themselues to such honest trades..as might witnesse their maintaining was by true and honest meanes.

1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 20 To the strict maintaining of a generall and religious command.

1716 J. Perry State of Russia 250 This Evil hath been felt in the late maintaining of the Czar's Army in Pomerania.

1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 232 They were at all times ready..to contribute their full proportion towards the maintaining the present just war.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 107 The reaching and maintaining of an independent pastoral position.

1949 A. C. Walshaw Heat Engines (ed. 3) ix. 190 The achieving and maintaining of the highest practicable temperature within the combustion chamber should be the primary aim of the combustion engineer and stoker.

1994 Forum Mag. (Markham, Ont.) June 20/3 There continues to be a drift of Peacekeeping..to Peace-restoring (ie United Task Force in Somalia) rather than Peace-maintaining.

†2. Bearing, demeanour, behaviour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing

i-bereOE

i-letelOE

lundc1175

semblanta1240

countenancec1290

fare1297

porturec1300

bearinga1325

portc1330

abearc1350

demeaning14..

habit1413

apporta1423

havingsa1425

maintenance?c1436

demeanc1450

maintain?1473

deport1474

maintaining1477

demeanance1486

affair1487

containing1487

behaviour1490

representation1490

haviour?1504

demeanour1509

miena1522

function1578

amenance1590

comportance1590

portance1590

purport1590

manage1593

style1596

dispose1601

deportments1603

comportment1605

garb1605

aira1616

deportment1638

comport1660

tour1702

sway1753

disport1761

maintien1814

tenue1828

portment1833

allure1841

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 5 The broder of kyng Eson..there beyng present could not holde ne kepe his mayntening.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) Prol. 11 Whiche hath knowleche of alle honoure, alle good, and fayre mayntenyng.

a1500 Foly of Fulys & Thewis of Wysmen 313 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 60 Thar mantemyng, and thar contenans, And wordis, schawis thar ignorans.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 241/2 Mayntenyng, port.

Compounds

maintaining power n. Watchmaking and Clockmaking a mechanism for keeping a watch or clock going while it is being wound; cf. maintainer n. 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > power which keeps the watch going

maintaining power1766

1766 A. Cumming Elements Clock & Watch-work 138 Care is to be taken to acquire in all watches as great a maintaining power as circumstances can admit.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 519 The swing-wheel..is constantly urged forward by the maintaining power, which is supplied by a small weight.

1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) xiii. 226 This form of maintaining power is seldom used in turret clocks.

1998 B. Loomes Brass Dial Clocks i. 23 Maintaining power was a separate spring-drive mechanism which came into play to keep a clock running during the time it was being wound.

† maintaining wheel n. Watchmaking and Clockmaking Obsolete a wheel forming part of a maintaining power.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear

cog-wheel1416

main wheel1678

spur-wheel1731

rack wheel1772

spur gear1808

gear1829

gearing1833

spur gearing1844

pitch wheel1854

tooth-wheel1862

gear-wheel1874

maintaining wheel1874

cog1883

1874 U.S. Patent 152,097 1 (title) Improvement in mantaining-wheels for watch-barrels.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 576/1 Maintaining Wheel, a wheel actuated by a spring, to keep a watch going while being wound.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	maintaining
释义	maintainingn. Brit. /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/, /mənˈteɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/ Forms: see maintain v. and -ing suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 manttinyn. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: maintain v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < maintain v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of maintain v.; maintenance, support, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > maintaining or upholding as true > [noun] maintaininga1387 maintenancec1450 upholding1587 asserting1644 vindication1871 the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > provision of means of support or livelihood > action of maintaininga1387 finding1389 supporting1431 founding1697 society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges > of maintenance or upkeep maintaininga1387 maintenance1389 supportation1421 pension1431 maintain1483 the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > as dependent on sustenance > means of life > action of supplying maintaininga1387 support1561 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > supporting bearinga1387 maintaininga1387 sustaining1395 supportinga1450 underpropping1586 backing1598 upholding1605 through-bearing1656 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > preserving in proper condition keepingc1330 upholdinga1350 maintaininga1387 maintenance1389 reparation1389 uphold1471 maintain1483 repair1524 keep1763 upkeep1884 upkeeping1899 preventive maintenance1937 society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > bearing of expenses or charges > of maintenance or upkeep > of one's state in life maintaining1592 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance sustenance1389 relevation?1418 sustentation1477 supportation?a1500 sustentmenta1500 upbearing1501 entertainment1568 maintaining1644 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 37 (MED) He..ȝaf..to Iuges power of doomes, and to þe senatoures kepynge and meyntenynge of þe lawes. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 100 Þorgh Anselm may [n] tenyng was þe contek ent. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 322 In alle þis fals meyntenyng, þei holden wiþ þe fend aȝenst God. 1490–1 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 37 To the maynteynynge of the light before the rode, xxijs. jd. ob. 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching To Rdr. sig. A3^v Except they applied themselues to such honest trades..as might witnesse their maintaining was by true and honest meanes. 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 20 To the strict maintaining of a generall and religious command. 1716 J. Perry State of Russia 250 This Evil hath been felt in the late maintaining of the Czar's Army in Pomerania. 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 232 They were at all times ready..to contribute their full proportion towards the maintaining the present just war. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 107 The reaching and maintaining of an independent pastoral position. 1949 A. C. Walshaw Heat Engines (ed. 3) ix. 190 The achieving and maintaining of the highest practicable temperature within the combustion chamber should be the primary aim of the combustion engineer and stoker. 1994 Forum Mag. (Markham, Ont.) June 20/3 There continues to be a drift of Peacekeeping..to Peace-restoring (ie United Task Force in Somalia) rather than Peace-maintaining. †2. Bearing, demeanour, behaviour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing i-bereOE i-letelOE lundc1175 semblanta1240 countenancec1290 fare1297 porturec1300 bearinga1325 portc1330 abearc1350 demeaning14.. habit1413 apporta1423 havingsa1425 maintenance?c1436 demeanc1450 maintain?1473 deport1474 maintaining1477 demeanance1486 affair1487 containing1487 behaviour1490 representation1490 haviour?1504 demeanour1509 miena1522 function1578 amenance1590 comportance1590 portance1590 purport1590 manage1593 style1596 dispose1601 deportments1603 comportment1605 garb1605 aira1616 deportment1638 comport1660 tour1702 sway1753 disport1761 maintien1814 tenue1828 portment1833 allure1841 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 5 The broder of kyng Eson..there beyng present could not holde ne kepe his mayntening. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) Prol. 11 Whiche hath knowleche of alle honoure, alle good, and fayre mayntenyng. a1500 Foly of Fulys & Thewis of Wysmen 313 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 60 Thar mantemyng, and thar contenans, And wordis, schawis thar ignorans. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 241/2 Mayntenyng, port. Compounds maintaining power n. Watchmaking and Clockmaking a mechanism for keeping a watch or clock going while it is being wound; cf. maintainer n. 8. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > power which keeps the watch going maintaining power1766 1766 A. Cumming Elements Clock & Watch-work 138 Care is to be taken to acquire in all watches as great a maintaining power as circumstances can admit. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 519 The swing-wheel..is constantly urged forward by the maintaining power, which is supplied by a small weight. 1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) xiii. 226 This form of maintaining power is seldom used in turret clocks. 1998 B. Loomes Brass Dial Clocks i. 23 Maintaining power was a separate spring-drive mechanism which came into play to keep a clock running during the time it was being wound. † maintaining wheel n. Watchmaking and Clockmaking Obsolete a wheel forming part of a maintaining power. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear cog-wheel1416 main wheel1678 spur-wheel1731 rack wheel1772 spur gear1808 gear1829 gearing1833 spur gearing1844 pitch wheel1854 tooth-wheel1862 gear-wheel1874 maintaining wheel1874 cog1883 1874 U.S. Patent 152,097 1 (title) Improvement in mantaining-wheels for watch-barrels. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 576/1 Maintaining Wheel, a wheel actuated by a spring, to keep a watch going while being wound. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1387
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