machinationn.

Brit.

/ˌmakᵻˈneɪʃn/,

/ˌmaʃᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌmækəˈneɪʃən/,

/ˌmæʃəˈneɪʃən/

Forms: late Middle English machynacion, late Middle English–1600s machinacion, 1500s– machination, 1600s matchination; Scottish pre-1700 machinacion, pre-1700 machinatioun, pre-1700 machynacion, pre-1700 1700s– machination.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French machination; Latin māchinātiōn-, māchinātiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French machination plotting, wicked contrivance or stratagem (13th cent. in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin māchinātiōn-, māchinātiō machine-making (compare quot. 1711 at sense 4, and the punning quot. 1667 at sense 2), piece of machinery (compare sense 3), stratagem (rare in this sense in classical Latin, although attested in post-classical Latin in British sources from 960) < māchināt- , past participial stem of māchinārī (see machinate v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian macchinazione plot, machine, siege engine (14th cent.), Catalan maquinació plot (late 14th cent.).The pronunciation with /ʃ/, due to the influence of machine n., was recorded in Webster (1961); the presence of an entry in the B.B.C.'s Recommendations for Pronouncing Difficult Words (S.P.E. Tract No. XXXII, 1931), p. 28, recommending the traditional pronunciation, may be indirect earlier evidence for the existence of the pronunciation with /ʃ/.

1. An instance of plotting or (usually malicious) contrivance; an intrigue, plot, or scheme. Now usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot

devicec1290

wanlace1303

conjecturea1464

machinationa1475

practice1533

draught1535

plot?c1550

plat1584

design1590

contrivement1608

intrigo1648

complotment1660

underplot1668

contrivance1689

intrigue1692

scheme1719

infanglement1753

fix-up1832

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination > instance of

machinationa1475

ingine1531

Machiavellianism1607

intrigue1692

plant1825

angle1958

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 629 (MED) That this his yifte shold not..be reuoked by ony machynacion or shrew, he confermed..and strengthed hit with the defence of his seale.

a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1270 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 265 Þe troyanis..We ourcome with fraude & gyle With machinacionis and with wyle.

1539 T. Cromwell Let. 286 in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 168 Albeit his highnes dothe in no wise feare any of his Censures attemptates or other malicious & devilishe machinacions.

1559 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 25 Sche knawis nocht the machinatioun of death be Elizabeth to Williame.

1656 J. Hammond Leah & Rachel (1844) 24 His Highnesse, (not acquainted with these matchinations), had [etc.].

1678 A. Wood Life 29 Sept. This machinacion fayling, another..was put on foote.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 12. 81 Such Men would stand up..against the Machinations of Popery and Slavery.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. iv. 32 To defeat my wisest Machinations by your Blunders.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. ii. 14 She entertained no notion of their general mischievousness, and was wholly unsuspicious of danger to her daughter from their machinations .

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 306 Ludlow escaped unhurt from all the machinations of his enemies.

1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 77 From what I see already of the machination in which you have been involved, your case is desperate.

1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria ii. 24 The Radical newspapers were full of suggestions that the Princess Victoria was in danger from the machinations of her wicked uncle.

1939 J. B. Morton Bonfire of Weeds ix. 216 Members attribute the theft of the Mace to Fascist machinations.

1988 M. Forster Elizabeth Barrett Browning i. 18 Whether or not Elizabeth understood all the machinations of the complicated plot, she certainly appreciated the originality.

2. The action or process of plotting or contriving; intrigue, scheming. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun]

compassinga1300

compassmentc1300

ordainingc1350

ordinancec1385

imaginationa1393

conjectmentc1400

before-castinga1425

forecastinga1425

imagininga1449

conjectinga1450

machinationc1550

platforming1560

plotting1593

contrivement1599

agitation1600

contrival1602

contrivage1610

projection1611

projectment1611

contrivance1647

politics1650

digestion1680

planning1730

contriving1751

scheme1790

scheming1813

schemery1822

replanning1853

mapping1856

macroplanning1966

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun]

compassinga1300

contrivingc1330

undermining1433

imagininga1449

engininga1450

practising?1545

machinationc1550

packing1587

plotting1593

contrival1602

managing1607

tamperinga1627

practicking1640

texturea1641

contrivance1647

briguing1657

intrigue1668

intriguing1801

policizing1809

scheming1813

intriguery1815

schemery1822

plottery1823

shenanigan1855

game playing1916

shenaniganning1924

wheeler-dealing1968

wheeling and dealing1969

wheeling-dealing1973

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination

artc1300

enginec1300

compassc1320

governaila1382

subtletya1393

imaginement1543

machinationc1550

stratagem1561

designing1566

packing1587

Machiavellism1592

design1594

drifting1602

Machiavellianism1607

artifice1618

reach1641

contrivance1647

intrigue1668

designfulnessa1677

engineering1716

manoeuvring1786

scheme1790

intriguery1815

intriguing1841

footwork1902

game playing1916

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 71 There liberte..vas ane lang tyme in captiuite, be the machination of ȝour ald enemes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) v. i. 36 If you miscarry, Your businesse of the world hath so an end, And machination ceases.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xiii. 60 By secret machination, or by confederacy with others.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 504 Some one..inspir'd With dev'lish machination might devise Like instrument.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iv. 159 The machination in closets of interests that ought to be openly discussed is a treason against the community.

1890 G. Gissing Emancipated II. i. x. 5 He never for a moment regarded himself as a schemer endeavouring to encompass vulgar ends by machination.

1989 R. Negrine Polit. & Mass Media in Brit. (1992) (BNC) iii. 60 The sale of the Express Group..and the purchase of Today..amongst other recent changes, have all the appearances of companies engaging in long-term strategic planning rather than political machination on behalf of any specific political faction.

†3. A machine (esp. of war); a framework, mechanism, or apparatus. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun]

trama1400

ginc1400

pageant1519

engine1581

machination1605

machina1612

machine1659

mechanism1665

contrivance1667

gimcrack1772

plant1925

power1942

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > a structure

machine1545

framework1578

compact1600

fabrication1602

machination1605

compound1607

structure1612

compilement1624

fabric1633

contignation1635

artifice1700

mechanism1712

creel1788

composition1793

arrangement1800

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > engine of war > [noun]

enginec1380

guna1400

machine1583

machination1605

machinament1658

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. H3^v The Edict..was..accounted a more pernitious engine and machination against the Christian faith, than [etc.] .

1613 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 3) Machinations, war-like weapons.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 108 Will not then their whole machination, or fabrick of judiciall Astrologie fall to the ground?

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiv. 235 If the Puppet be made to it with the Machination described in Plate 17.

†4. The use or construction of machinery. Obsolete.It is possible that quot. 1641 belongs at sense 1 or 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > [noun] > use of machinery

machination1641

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > construction of

machination1711

mechanicals1821

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 50 Hoping that time and hunger might effect that, which..by all their machinations [It. le machine] and assaults they could not doe.

1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 21 Machination, or the forming Machines or Engines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	machination
释义	machinationn. Brit. /ˌmakᵻˈneɪʃn/, /ˌmaʃᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌmækəˈneɪʃən/, /ˌmæʃəˈneɪʃən/ Forms: late Middle English machynacion, late Middle English–1600s machinacion, 1500s– machination, 1600s matchination; Scottish pre-1700 machinacion, pre-1700 machinatioun, pre-1700 machynacion, pre-1700 1700s– machination. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French machination; Latin māchinātiōn-, māchinātiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French machination plotting, wicked contrivance or stratagem (13th cent. in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin māchinātiōn-, māchinātiō machine-making (compare quot. 1711 at sense 4, and the punning quot. 1667 at sense 2), piece of machinery (compare sense 3), stratagem (rare in this sense in classical Latin, although attested in post-classical Latin in British sources from 960) < māchināt- , past participial stem of māchinārī (see machinate v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian macchinazione plot, machine, siege engine (14th cent.), Catalan maquinació plot (late 14th cent.).The pronunciation with /ʃ/, due to the influence of machine n., was recorded in Webster (1961); the presence of an entry in the B.B.C.'s Recommendations for Pronouncing Difficult Words (S.P.E. Tract No. XXXII, 1931), p. 28, recommending the traditional pronunciation, may be indirect earlier evidence for the existence of the pronunciation with /ʃ/. 1. An instance of plotting or (usually malicious) contrivance; an intrigue, plot, or scheme. Now usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot devicec1290 wanlace1303 conjecturea1464 machinationa1475 practice1533 draught1535 plot?c1550 plat1584 design1590 contrivement1608 intrigo1648 complotment1660 underplot1668 contrivance1689 intrigue1692 scheme1719 infanglement1753 fix-up1832 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination > instance of machinationa1475 ingine1531 Machiavellianism1607 intrigue1692 plant1825 angle1958 a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 629 (MED) That this his yifte shold not..be reuoked by ony machynacion or shrew, he confermed..and strengthed hit with the defence of his seale. a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1270 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 265 Þe troyanis..We ourcome with fraude & gyle With machinacionis and with wyle. 1539 T. Cromwell Let. 286 in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 168 Albeit his highnes dothe in no wise feare any of his Censures attemptates or other malicious & devilishe machinacions. 1559 in D. H. Fleming Reg. Christian Congregation St. Andrews (1889) I. 25 Sche knawis nocht the machinatioun of death be Elizabeth to Williame. 1656 J. Hammond Leah & Rachel (1844) 24 His Highnesse, (not acquainted with these matchinations), had [etc.]. 1678 A. Wood Life 29 Sept. This machinacion fayling, another..was put on foote. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 12. 81 Such Men would stand up..against the Machinations of Popery and Slavery. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. iv. 32 To defeat my wisest Machinations by your Blunders. View more context for this quotation a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. ii. 14 She entertained no notion of their general mischievousness, and was wholly unsuspicious of danger to her daughter from their machinations . View more context for this quotation 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 306 Ludlow escaped unhurt from all the machinations of his enemies. 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 77 From what I see already of the machination in which you have been involved, your case is desperate. 1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria ii. 24 The Radical newspapers were full of suggestions that the Princess Victoria was in danger from the machinations of her wicked uncle. 1939 J. B. Morton Bonfire of Weeds ix. 216 Members attribute the theft of the Mace to Fascist machinations. 1988 M. Forster Elizabeth Barrett Browning i. 18 Whether or not Elizabeth understood all the machinations of the complicated plot, she certainly appreciated the originality. 2. The action or process of plotting or contriving; intrigue, scheming. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] compassinga1300 compassmentc1300 ordainingc1350 ordinancec1385 imaginationa1393 conjectmentc1400 before-castinga1425 forecastinga1425 imagininga1449 conjectinga1450 machinationc1550 platforming1560 plotting1593 contrivement1599 agitation1600 contrival1602 contrivage1610 projection1611 projectment1611 contrivance1647 politics1650 digestion1680 planning1730 contriving1751 scheme1790 scheming1813 schemery1822 replanning1853 mapping1856 macroplanning1966 the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] compassinga1300 contrivingc1330 undermining1433 imagininga1449 engininga1450 practising?1545 machinationc1550 packing1587 plotting1593 contrival1602 managing1607 tamperinga1627 practicking1640 texturea1641 contrivance1647 briguing1657 intrigue1668 intriguing1801 policizing1809 scheming1813 intriguery1815 schemery1822 plottery1823 shenanigan1855 game playing1916 shenaniganning1924 wheeler-dealing1968 wheeling and dealing1969 wheeling-dealing1973 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination artc1300 enginec1300 compassc1320 governaila1382 subtletya1393 imaginement1543 machinationc1550 stratagem1561 designing1566 packing1587 Machiavellism1592 design1594 drifting1602 Machiavellianism1607 artifice1618 reach1641 contrivance1647 intrigue1668 designfulnessa1677 engineering1716 manoeuvring1786 scheme1790 intriguery1815 intriguing1841 footwork1902 game playing1916 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 71 There liberte..vas ane lang tyme in captiuite, be the machination of ȝour ald enemes. a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) v. i. 36 If you miscarry, Your businesse of the world hath so an end, And machination ceases. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xiii. 60 By secret machination, or by confederacy with others. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 504 Some one..inspir'd With dev'lish machination might devise Like instrument. View more context for this quotation 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iv. 159 The machination in closets of interests that ought to be openly discussed is a treason against the community. 1890 G. Gissing Emancipated II. i. x. 5 He never for a moment regarded himself as a schemer endeavouring to encompass vulgar ends by machination. 1989 R. Negrine Polit. & Mass Media in Brit. (1992) (BNC) iii. 60 The sale of the Express Group..and the purchase of Today..amongst other recent changes, have all the appearances of companies engaging in long-term strategic planning rather than political machination on behalf of any specific political faction. †3. A machine (esp. of war); a framework, mechanism, or apparatus. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] trama1400 ginc1400 pageant1519 engine1581 machination1605 machina1612 machine1659 mechanism1665 contrivance1667 gimcrack1772 plant1925 power1942 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > a structure machine1545 framework1578 compact1600 fabrication1602 machination1605 compound1607 structure1612 compilement1624 fabric1633 contignation1635 artifice1700 mechanism1712 creel1788 composition1793 arrangement1800 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > engine of war > [noun] enginec1380 guna1400 machine1583 machination1605 machinament1658 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. H3^v The Edict..was..accounted a more pernitious engine and machination against the Christian faith, than [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1613 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 3) Machinations, war-like weapons. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 108 Will not then their whole machination, or fabrick of judiciall Astrologie fall to the ground? 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiv. 235 If the Puppet be made to it with the Machination described in Plate 17. †4. The use or construction of machinery. Obsolete.It is possible that quot. 1641 belongs at sense 1 or 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > [noun] > use of machinery machination1641 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > construction of machination1711 mechanicals1821 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 50 Hoping that time and hunger might effect that, which..by all their machinations [It. le machine] and assaults they could not doe. 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 21 Machination, or the forming Machines or Engines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1475
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