magnificencen.

Brit.

/maɡˈnɪfᵻs(ə)ns/,

/məɡˈnɪfᵻs(ə)ns/, U.S.

/mæɡˈnɪfəsəns/

Forms: Middle English magnificens, Middle English magnyficence, Middle English magnyfience, Middle English magnyfysence, Middle English–1500s magnifience, Middle English–1500s magnyficens, Middle English–1500s magnyfycence, Middle English– magnificence, 1500s magnyfycens; Scottish pre-1700 magnificens, pre-1700 magnifiecence, pre-1700 magnyficence, pre-1700 mangnificience, pre-1700 1700s– mangnificence.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French magnificence, magnifiance.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French magnificence (in Middle French also rarely magnifiance) liberality (c1265), splendour (a1356) (also used as an honorific title) < classical Latin magnificentia loftiness of mind, generosity, grandeur, boastfulness (used as an honorific title in post-classical Latin; compare magnifico n.) < magnificent- (see magnificent adj.) + -ia -y suffix³; compare -ence suffix.In senses 1 and 6 following varying use of post-classical Latin magnificentia in theological writers. The usual name of the cardinal virtue of fortitude in post-classical Latin is fortitudo (see fortitude n.). In quot. 1340 at sense 1 magnificence occurs as one of the seven ‘steps’ of prouesse or virtue (for discussion of sources see P. Gradon Ayenbite of Inwite II. (EETS 278, 1979) 191–2); in quot. c1390 at sense 1 it occurs as one of the ‘species’ or aspects of the virtue of fortitudo (for Chaucer's source here see S. Wenzel Summa virtutum de remediis anime (1984) 19–20). magnificentia is already listed among the aspects of fortitudo in classical Latin by Cicero ( De Invent. 2. 163); on the subsequent history of the term in scholastic use, and on the confusion and hence semantic complexity in 16th and 17th cent. English use arising from the synthesis of scholastic and Aristotelian traditions, see: W. O. Harris Skelton's Magnyfycence and the Cardinal Virtue Tradition (1965) ii.

†1. Perseverance, fortitude; one of the ‘cardinal virtues’ recognized in scholastic ethics. Obsolete.For discussion of use in the earliest quots. see note above.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > the virtues

magnanimity1340

magnificence1340

commutative justice1531

distributive justice1531

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality > as one of the moral virtues

magnificence1340

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Aristotelianism > elements of > elements of Aristotelian ethics

magnificence1340

commutative justice1531

corrective justice1531

distributive justice1531

magnanimity1598

megalopsychia1962

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 168 Þe zixte stape of prouesse hi clepieþ magnificence... Magnificence is, hi ziggeþ, of heȝe nyede y-blissede bleuinge. Þise uirtue oure greate filosofe Iesu crist clepeþ perseueraunce.

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 736 Fortitudo..hath manye speces. The firste is cleped Magnanymitee... Thanne comth Magnificence, that is to seyn, whan a man dooth and perfourneth grete werkes of goodnesse.

a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 688 Þis fayre lady..Ycalled is Fortitudo, Whame philosophres..Ar wonte to cleepe Magnyfysence.

1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. gvii Magnyfycens is oon ioyows cleernes of cowrage mynystrat..hye thyngys or gret.

2. Glory; greatness of nature or reputation. Also in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [noun]

athelc885

highnesseOE

brightnessOE

thrumOE

worshipOE

highship?c1225

nobleyec1300

pridec1330

realtya1375

rialtya1375

greatnessc1384

nobletya1387

magnificencec1390

regalya1393

greatheada1400

hautesse1399

lordliness1440

celsitudec1450

excelsitudec1470

state1488

princeliness1545

kingliness1548

royalty1548

amplitudec1550

grandity1589

grandeur1600

glory1613

majesticalness1613

augusteity1615

grandezza1629

augustness1644

raisedness1645

celsity1656

splendidnessa1657

grandness1663

exaltedness1730

halo1813

queenliness1831

aureole1852

magnateship1916

c1390 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 1664 Lady thy bountee thy magnificence..Ther may no tonge expresse in no science.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1404 Men may heer seen..Pryncis put down from ther magnyficencis.

c1475 Life St. Anne (Trin. Cambr.) (1928) 216 (MED) She ys of grace full of the hyghest place..By hyr most ennobelyd magnificence.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxii God by his power and hye magnyfycence Made hym a beste.

1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) sig. E.iii Let tong & harte, strength & sense, Commende thy magnificence.

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xix. 27 So that..the Temple of the great goddesse Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 101 And for the Heav'ns wide Circuit, let it speak The Makers high magnificence .

1838 New Monthly Mag. 53 304 The magnificence of that mind which dwelt..in the regions of the incognoscible.

1941 A. Huxley Grey Eminence vi. 139 Lucifer is the highest mythological incarnation of this intense personal will, and the great men who have embodied it upon the stage of history participate..in his satanic strength and magnificence.

1992 Harper's Mag. Mar. 7/3 Born rich and accustomed to the shows of deference, he arrived in Washington..and discovered that not enough people appreciated the true proportion of his magnificence.

3. With possessive adjective (as your magnificence): a title of respect applied to a monarch or other distinguished person. Now historical and as rendering of a foreign title.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun]

yea1225

my Lordc1300

seigniorc1330

squire1382

noblessec1390

lordship1394

grace1423

gentlenessc1425

magnificencec1425

noblenessc1425

greatness1473

worshipc1475

your mightinessa1500

excellency?1533

celsitude1535

altitude1543

Your Honour1551

sublimity1553

excellencea1592

captal1592

gentleperson1597

clemencya1600

gravity1618

grace1625

grandeur1632

eximiousness1648

professorship1656

prince1677

excellenceshipc1716

Graceship1804

seigniorship1823

valiancy1828

your seignorie1829

1278 Rolls of Parl. I. 1/2 Magnificentie Regis monstrant Abbas et Conventus Bordesleg'.]

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2363 (MED) Þe maner hol I wil declare Of þis drem to ȝour magnificence.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 82 (MED) Pluto, to thy magnyfycence I shall reherse what thys creature Eolus hath doon.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 150 The said Master generall therefore maketh no doubt, that al the aboue written damages..be altogether vnknown vnto your magnificence.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 107 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Your magnificence hath beene very carefull and studious how you might enlarge the Church of God here in earth.

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 300 Illustrious Lords, Respected Patrons! We the underwritten skillful Calculators, chosen and appointed by your Magnificences [etc.].

1897 W. C. Hazlitt Ourselves 78 Freemasonry enables them to associate..with Brother Magnificences and Grandeurs.

1901 Times 20 June 5/4 In reply to the toast of his health, proposed by the Burgomaster, the [German] Emperor..spoke as follows:—Your magnificence..gave us a sketch of the development of German yachting [etc.].

a. Splendour or sumptuousness of surroundings, adornments, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [noun] > sumptuousness

magnificencea1425

costiousnessc1443

sumpt1449

sumptuousness1525

costliness1528

magnificency1538

sumptuosity1550

richness1597

sumpture?1624

opulence1650

ritziness1931

plushiness1938

a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) Dan. iv. 33 I am ordeyned in my kingdam, and my magnyfience, or gretenesse is addid to me.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 125 (MED) Þe kyng..mey make new bildynges whan he woll ffor his pleasure and magnificence.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fv In what pompe & triumphant magnificence he sheweth him self when he goeth to hauke or hunt.

1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 64 Thow gart the orient kingis thrie Offer to Chryst..Gold, sence and mir..Schawand him king with most magnificence.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 111 Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury, though call'd magnificence,..allure mine eye.

a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) I. 269 By these refin'd diversions, we perceive This town retains its old magnificence.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 17 The fur [of the ermine] forms a principal part even of royal magnificence.

1841 R. C. Trench Parables (1877) xii. 236 It was and is part of the magnificence of Oriental princes..to have vast stores of costly dresses laid up.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 16 His dress a suit of fray'd magnificence, Once fit for feasts of ceremony.

1906 Daily Chron. 25 May 4/7 ‘Toff’ is perhaps the highest compliment, or the bitterest sneer,..that a man who does not make any pretence to magnificence can aim at a man who does.

1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. i. 12 The almost shabby manner of living which presently succeeded the old magnificence.

1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover ii. iv. 192 A long letter describing the magnificence of his reception:..the banners, the gun salutes,..and the vivas of the crowds bedecked in velvet and braid.

b. An instance or particular display of splendour or sumptuousness. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [noun] > instance of

pomps1525

magnificencea1533

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. C.vij It is a greatte magnifience to a man, to haue diuers sortes of meates.

1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 10 At this his entrie they made him a great triumph, with a long magnificence.

1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox xii. 365 Such Pomp, Tiltings, Masks, Banquets, and other Magnificences.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. viii. 415 The Ceremony of this Marriage was perform'd in the Marquis de Saint-Chaumont's House,..but the Magnificences at the Duke's own Lodgings.

1674 Govt. Tongue ix. §6. 160 With what gust and sensuality will they tell how such a Jest of theirs took, or such a Magnificence was admired?

1881 A. Leslie tr. A. E. Nordenskiöld Voy. Vega II. xiv. 225 The strand-bank was gay with an exceedingly rich magnificence of colour.

1933 R. Aldington All Men are Enemies i. xi. 102 Twisted oaks and chestnuts stood among a magnificence of arbutus, giant white heath, yellow coronilla.

a. Grandeur or imposing beauty of appearance. Also in plural: †features constituting this (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [noun] > magnificence

thrumOE

prideOE

wealc1290

noblessec1330

pompc1330

statec1330

nobletya1387

royaltyc1405

magnificence?1435

gloriousnessc1440

pompousness1447

noblenessc1450

pomperyc1460

triumpha1513

princeliness1545

gorgeousness1549

jollity1549

stateliness1556

proudnessa1586

royalitya1607

splendour1616

grandeur1652

superbiousness1654

splendidnessa1657

lustre1658

superbness1779

pompa1783

splendaciousness1853

magnoliousness1921

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 638 This tabernacle off moste magnyficence Was off his byldyng verrey imperyall.

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. aj^v They..whiche in buyldynge of cities..haue so ioyned magnificence with profecte.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 718 Not Babilon, Nor great Alcairo such magnificence Equal'd in all thir glories.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 396 The Cittie of Rome..with its Amphitheaters, Naumachia..& other magnificences.

a1703 J. Pomfret Eleazar's Lament. i. 10 Where's now the vast Magnificence, which made The Souls of Foreigners adore Thy [sc. Jerusalem's] wond'rous Brightness?

1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 10 Feb. in French & Italian Notebks. (1980) 66 One magnificence dazzles out another, and makes itself the brightest conceivable for the moment.

1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. (1872) II. 96 Its concentrated brilliancies and magnificences.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 175 The weather had been fine, and towards evening augmented to magnificence.

1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine xxvii. 537 These ruins are remarkable, both for their great extent and magnificence [etc.].

1903 G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iii. 106 You forget that brainless magnificence of body has been tried.

1935 R. Campbell Teak-Wallah iv. 44 Is there any spectacle..that can surpass in magnificence the sight of twenty or thirty elephants?

1987 Sunday Express Mag. 20 Sept. 49/1 The..scene is dominated by the..magnificence of Kilimanjaro.

b. Grandeur or imposing beauty of language, speech, music, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > loftiness or grandiloquence

magnificence1481

stateliness1550

sublimity1581

grandiloquence1589

sublimenessa1599

magniloquency1615

magniloquence1623

elevationa1639

rotundity1655

grandiloquy1656

magniloquy1656

grandeur1657

loftiness1663

magnificentness1727

altiloquence1775

grandiosity1801

grandioso1816

grandiloquent1829

ororotundity1831

ororotundoism1840

orotundity1909

1481 J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero Tulle on Friendship iv. 7 Ne lete us amesure it [sc. virtue] after the magnyfycence of wordes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 The mean Matter which my Theme affords, T' embellish with Magnificence of Words.

1791 Ld. Grenville Let. 4 Feb. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. 187 On the whole it may be only a piece of magnificence, in order to give..the appearance of a favour done by him.

1886 A. C. Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 181 With what passionate magnificence of rapture the poet would have sung the fall of the typic prison.

1960 Economist 25 June 1330/1 This triple structure [of a book] is a magnificent achievement,..but its magnificence is..skewed at its foundation.

1992 Gramophone Jan. 74/2 There is a loftiness of vision and a magnificence of address about Arrau's playing that puts him in a class of his own.

†6. Great bounty, liberality, or munificence, esp. on the part of rulers or of God; sometimes as one of the moral virtues of Aristotelian ethics. Obsolete.When used with allusion to Aristotle, renders Greek μεγαλοπρέπεια, explained by Aristotle to mean liberality of expenditure combined with good taste.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality

freedomOE

custinessOE

largesse?c1225

freeshipa1250

franchisec1325

largitya1382

largenessa1387

liberalityc1390

bountya1400

honestya1400

freenessc1400

largec1400

liberalnessc1410

munificencec1425

plentyc1425

bounteousnessc1440

magnificencec1450

bountifulness1489

bountines1512

royalty1548

magnificency?c1550

munificency?c1550

free-heartedness1583

profuseness1584

bountihead1590

lavishness1590

frankness1591

ingenuousness1611

fruitfulnessa1616

generosity1634

open-handednessa1640

large-heartedness1640

communicativeness1653

unsparingness1818

free-handedness1860

big-heartedness1872

ungrudgingness1885

two-handedness1891

outgivingness1968

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) v. 606 (MED) Graunt vs this day of thy magnyfycence The golde of loue, the franke of Innocence.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Traistand to haue of his magnificence Guerdoun, reward and benefice bedene.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. x. sig. R7^v Philosophers in the description of vertues haue deuised to set them..in degrees, hauing respecte to the qualitie and condition of the persone,..as applyinge Magnificence to the substaunce and astate of princes, and to priuate persones Beneficence and Liberalite.

1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iii. ii. sig. F3 His exorbitant prodigality, How ere his..flatterers call it Royall magnificence.

?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle Briefe Art Rhetorique i. 33 Magnificence; which is a Vertue, by which a man is apt to be at great cost.

1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 103 Magnificence..is a Virtue, that teaches us how to observe a Decorum in the managing of great and costly Expences.

1879 J. Morley Burke 36 The noble mean of magnificence, standing midway between the two extremes of vulgar ostentation and narrow pettiness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	magnificence
释义	magnificencen. Brit. /maɡˈnɪfᵻs(ə)ns/, /məɡˈnɪfᵻs(ə)ns/, U.S. /mæɡˈnɪfəsəns/ Forms: Middle English magnificens, Middle English magnyficence, Middle English magnyfience, Middle English magnyfysence, Middle English–1500s magnifience, Middle English–1500s magnyficens, Middle English–1500s magnyfycence, Middle English– magnificence, 1500s magnyfycens; Scottish pre-1700 magnificens, pre-1700 magnifiecence, pre-1700 magnyficence, pre-1700 mangnificience, pre-1700 1700s– mangnificence. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French magnificence, magnifiance. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French magnificence (in Middle French also rarely magnifiance) liberality (c1265), splendour (a1356) (also used as an honorific title) < classical Latin magnificentia loftiness of mind, generosity, grandeur, boastfulness (used as an honorific title in post-classical Latin; compare magnifico n.) < magnificent- (see magnificent adj.) + -ia -y suffix³; compare -ence suffix.In senses 1 and 6 following varying use of post-classical Latin magnificentia in theological writers. The usual name of the cardinal virtue of fortitude in post-classical Latin is fortitudo (see fortitude n.). In quot. 1340 at sense 1 magnificence occurs as one of the seven ‘steps’ of prouesse or virtue (for discussion of sources see P. Gradon Ayenbite of Inwite II. (EETS 278, 1979) 191–2); in quot. c1390 at sense 1 it occurs as one of the ‘species’ or aspects of the virtue of fortitudo (for Chaucer's source here see S. Wenzel Summa virtutum de remediis anime (1984) 19–20). magnificentia is already listed among the aspects of fortitudo in classical Latin by Cicero ( De Invent. 2. 163); on the subsequent history of the term in scholastic use, and on the confusion and hence semantic complexity in 16th and 17th cent. English use arising from the synthesis of scholastic and Aristotelian traditions, see: W. O. Harris Skelton's Magnyfycence and the Cardinal Virtue Tradition (1965) ii. †1. Perseverance, fortitude; one of the ‘cardinal virtues’ recognized in scholastic ethics. Obsolete.For discussion of use in the earliest quots. see note above. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > the virtues magnanimity1340 magnificence1340 commutative justice1531 distributive justice1531 the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality > as one of the moral virtues magnificence1340 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Aristotelianism > elements of > elements of Aristotelian ethics magnificence1340 commutative justice1531 corrective justice1531 distributive justice1531 magnanimity1598 megalopsychia1962 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 168 Þe zixte stape of prouesse hi clepieþ magnificence... Magnificence is, hi ziggeþ, of heȝe nyede y-blissede bleuinge. Þise uirtue oure greate filosofe Iesu crist clepeþ perseueraunce. c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 736 Fortitudo..hath manye speces. The firste is cleped Magnanymitee... Thanne comth Magnificence, that is to seyn, whan a man dooth and perfourneth grete werkes of goodnesse. a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 688 Þis fayre lady..Ycalled is Fortitudo, Whame philosophres..Ar wonte to cleepe Magnyfysence. 1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. gvii Magnyfycens is oon ioyows cleernes of cowrage mynystrat..hye thyngys or gret. 2. Glory; greatness of nature or reputation. Also in plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [noun] athelc885 highnesseOE brightnessOE thrumOE worshipOE highship?c1225 nobleyec1300 pridec1330 realtya1375 rialtya1375 greatnessc1384 nobletya1387 magnificencec1390 regalya1393 greatheada1400 hautesse1399 lordliness1440 celsitudec1450 excelsitudec1470 state1488 princeliness1545 kingliness1548 royalty1548 amplitudec1550 grandity1589 grandeur1600 glory1613 majesticalness1613 augusteity1615 grandezza1629 augustness1644 raisedness1645 celsity1656 splendidnessa1657 grandness1663 exaltedness1730 halo1813 queenliness1831 aureole1852 magnateship1916 c1390 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 1664 Lady thy bountee thy magnificence..Ther may no tonge expresse in no science. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1404 Men may heer seen..Pryncis put down from ther magnyficencis. c1475 Life St. Anne (Trin. Cambr.) (1928) 216 (MED) She ys of grace full of the hyghest place..By hyr most ennobelyd magnificence. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxii God by his power and hye magnyfycence Made hym a beste. 1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) sig. E.iii Let tong & harte, strength & sense, Commende thy magnificence. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xix. 27 So that..the Temple of the great goddesse Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 101 And for the Heav'ns wide Circuit, let it speak The Makers high magnificence . View more context for this quotation 1838 New Monthly Mag. 53 304 The magnificence of that mind which dwelt..in the regions of the incognoscible. 1941 A. Huxley Grey Eminence vi. 139 Lucifer is the highest mythological incarnation of this intense personal will, and the great men who have embodied it upon the stage of history participate..in his satanic strength and magnificence. 1992 Harper's Mag. Mar. 7/3 Born rich and accustomed to the shows of deference, he arrived in Washington..and discovered that not enough people appreciated the true proportion of his magnificence. 3. With possessive adjective (as your magnificence): a title of respect applied to a monarch or other distinguished person. Now historical and as rendering of a foreign title. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] yea1225 my Lordc1300 seigniorc1330 squire1382 noblessec1390 lordship1394 grace1423 gentlenessc1425 magnificencec1425 noblenessc1425 greatness1473 worshipc1475 your mightinessa1500 excellency?1533 celsitude1535 altitude1543 Your Honour1551 sublimity1553 excellencea1592 captal1592 gentleperson1597 clemencya1600 gravity1618 grace1625 grandeur1632 eximiousness1648 professorship1656 prince1677 excellenceshipc1716 Graceship1804 seigniorship1823 valiancy1828 your seignorie1829 1278 Rolls of Parl. I. 1/2 Magnificentie Regis monstrant Abbas et Conventus Bordesleg'.] c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2363 (MED) Þe maner hol I wil declare Of þis drem to ȝour magnificence. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 82 (MED) Pluto, to thy magnyfycence I shall reherse what thys creature Eolus hath doon. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 150 The said Master generall therefore maketh no doubt, that al the aboue written damages..be altogether vnknown vnto your magnificence. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 107 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Your magnificence hath beene very carefull and studious how you might enlarge the Church of God here in earth. 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 300 Illustrious Lords, Respected Patrons! We the underwritten skillful Calculators, chosen and appointed by your Magnificences [etc.]. 1897 W. C. Hazlitt Ourselves 78 Freemasonry enables them to associate..with Brother Magnificences and Grandeurs. 1901 Times 20 June 5/4 In reply to the toast of his health, proposed by the Burgomaster, the [German] Emperor..spoke as follows:—Your magnificence..gave us a sketch of the development of German yachting [etc.]. 4. a. Splendour or sumptuousness of surroundings, adornments, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [noun] > sumptuousness magnificencea1425 costiousnessc1443 sumpt1449 sumptuousness1525 costliness1528 magnificency1538 sumptuosity1550 richness1597 sumpture?1624 opulence1650 ritziness1931 plushiness1938 a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) Dan. iv. 33 I am ordeyned in my kingdam, and my magnyfience, or gretenesse is addid to me. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 125 (MED) Þe kyng..mey make new bildynges whan he woll ffor his pleasure and magnificence. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fv In what pompe & triumphant magnificence he sheweth him self when he goeth to hauke or hunt. 1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 64 Thow gart the orient kingis thrie Offer to Chryst..Gold, sence and mir..Schawand him king with most magnificence. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 111 Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury, though call'd magnificence,..allure mine eye. View more context for this quotation a1720 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) I. 269 By these refin'd diversions, we perceive This town retains its old magnificence. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 17 The fur [of the ermine] forms a principal part even of royal magnificence. 1841 R. C. Trench Parables (1877) xii. 236 It was and is part of the magnificence of Oriental princes..to have vast stores of costly dresses laid up. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 16 His dress a suit of fray'd magnificence, Once fit for feasts of ceremony. 1906 Daily Chron. 25 May 4/7 ‘Toff’ is perhaps the highest compliment, or the bitterest sneer,..that a man who does not make any pretence to magnificence can aim at a man who does. 1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. i. 12 The almost shabby manner of living which presently succeeded the old magnificence. 1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover ii. iv. 192 A long letter describing the magnificence of his reception:..the banners, the gun salutes,..and the vivas of the crowds bedecked in velvet and braid. b. An instance or particular display of splendour or sumptuousness. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [noun] > instance of pomps1525 magnificencea1533 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. C.vij It is a greatte magnifience to a man, to haue diuers sortes of meates. 1615 J. Loiseau de Tourval tr. H. de Feynes Exact Surv. E. Indies 10 At this his entrie they made him a great triumph, with a long magnificence. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox xii. 365 Such Pomp, Tiltings, Masks, Banquets, and other Magnificences. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. viii. 415 The Ceremony of this Marriage was perform'd in the Marquis de Saint-Chaumont's House,..but the Magnificences at the Duke's own Lodgings. 1674 Govt. Tongue ix. §6. 160 With what gust and sensuality will they tell how such a Jest of theirs took, or such a Magnificence was admired? 1881 A. Leslie tr. A. E. Nordenskiöld Voy. Vega II. xiv. 225 The strand-bank was gay with an exceedingly rich magnificence of colour. 1933 R. Aldington All Men are Enemies i. xi. 102 Twisted oaks and chestnuts stood among a magnificence of arbutus, giant white heath, yellow coronilla. 5. a. Grandeur or imposing beauty of appearance. Also in plural: †features constituting this (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [noun] > magnificence thrumOE prideOE wealc1290 noblessec1330 pompc1330 statec1330 nobletya1387 royaltyc1405 magnificence?1435 gloriousnessc1440 pompousness1447 noblenessc1450 pomperyc1460 triumpha1513 princeliness1545 gorgeousness1549 jollity1549 stateliness1556 proudnessa1586 royalitya1607 splendour1616 grandeur1652 superbiousness1654 splendidnessa1657 lustre1658 superbness1779 pompa1783 splendaciousness1853 magnoliousness1921 ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 638 This tabernacle off moste magnyficence Was off his byldyng verrey imperyall. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. aj^v They..whiche in buyldynge of cities..haue so ioyned magnificence with profecte. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 718 Not Babilon, Nor great Alcairo such magnificence Equal'd in all thir glories. View more context for this quotation a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 396 The Cittie of Rome..with its Amphitheaters, Naumachia..& other magnificences. a1703 J. Pomfret Eleazar's Lament. i. 10 Where's now the vast Magnificence, which made The Souls of Foreigners adore Thy [sc. Jerusalem's] wond'rous Brightness? 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 10 Feb. in French & Italian Notebks. (1980) 66 One magnificence dazzles out another, and makes itself the brightest conceivable for the moment. 1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. (1872) II. 96 Its concentrated brilliancies and magnificences. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 175 The weather had been fine, and towards evening augmented to magnificence. 1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine xxvii. 537 These ruins are remarkable, both for their great extent and magnificence [etc.]. 1903 G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iii. 106 You forget that brainless magnificence of body has been tried. 1935 R. Campbell Teak-Wallah iv. 44 Is there any spectacle..that can surpass in magnificence the sight of twenty or thirty elephants? 1987 Sunday Express Mag. 20 Sept. 49/1 The..scene is dominated by the..magnificence of Kilimanjaro. b. Grandeur or imposing beauty of language, speech, music, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > loftiness or grandiloquence magnificence1481 stateliness1550 sublimity1581 grandiloquence1589 sublimenessa1599 magniloquency1615 magniloquence1623 elevationa1639 rotundity1655 grandiloquy1656 magniloquy1656 grandeur1657 loftiness1663 magnificentness1727 altiloquence1775 grandiosity1801 grandioso1816 grandiloquent1829 ororotundity1831 ororotundoism1840 orotundity1909 1481 J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero Tulle on Friendship iv. 7 Ne lete us amesure it [sc. virtue] after the magnyfycence of wordes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 The mean Matter which my Theme affords, T' embellish with Magnificence of Words. View more context for this quotation 1791 Ld. Grenville Let. 4 Feb. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. 187 On the whole it may be only a piece of magnificence, in order to give..the appearance of a favour done by him. 1886 A. C. Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 181 With what passionate magnificence of rapture the poet would have sung the fall of the typic prison. 1960 Economist 25 June 1330/1 This triple structure [of a book] is a magnificent achievement,..but its magnificence is..skewed at its foundation. 1992 Gramophone Jan. 74/2 There is a loftiness of vision and a magnificence of address about Arrau's playing that puts him in a class of his own. †6. Great bounty, liberality, or munificence, esp. on the part of rulers or of God; sometimes as one of the moral virtues of Aristotelian ethics. Obsolete.When used with allusion to Aristotle, renders Greek μεγαλοπρέπεια, explained by Aristotle to mean liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality freedomOE custinessOE largesse?c1225 freeshipa1250 franchisec1325 largitya1382 largenessa1387 liberalityc1390 bountya1400 honestya1400 freenessc1400 largec1400 liberalnessc1410 munificencec1425 plentyc1425 bounteousnessc1440 magnificencec1450 bountifulness1489 bountines1512 royalty1548 magnificency?c1550 munificency?c1550 free-heartedness1583 profuseness1584 bountihead1590 lavishness1590 frankness1591 ingenuousness1611 fruitfulnessa1616 generosity1634 open-handednessa1640 large-heartedness1640 communicativeness1653 unsparingness1818 free-handedness1860 big-heartedness1872 ungrudgingness1885 two-handedness1891 outgivingness1968 c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) v. 606 (MED) Graunt vs this day of thy magnyfycence The golde of loue, the franke of Innocence. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Traistand to haue of his magnificence Guerdoun, reward and benefice bedene. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. x. sig. R7^v Philosophers in the description of vertues haue deuised to set them..in degrees, hauing respecte to the qualitie and condition of the persone,..as applyinge Magnificence to the substaunce and astate of princes, and to priuate persones Beneficence and Liberalite. 1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iii. ii. sig. F3 His exorbitant prodigality, How ere his..flatterers call it Royall magnificence. ?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle Briefe Art Rhetorique i. 33 Magnificence; which is a Vertue, by which a man is apt to be at great cost. 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 103 Magnificence..is a Virtue, that teaches us how to observe a Decorum in the managing of great and costly Expences. 1879 J. Morley Burke 36 The noble mean of magnificence, standing midway between the two extremes of vulgar ostentation and narrow pettiness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340
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