单词 | macro- |
释义 | macro-comb. form 1. Forming terms (esp. in Biology and Crystallography) in which macro- denotes relatively large size or the existence of smaller individuals, chiefly in contrast with similar words beginning micro-. a. macrococcus n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of vibrio1850 micrococcus1870 microzyme1870 Spirillum1875 mycothrix1876 leptothrix1877 Spirochaete1877 streptococcus1877 Actinomyces1879 frogspawn1880 schizophyte1880 schizomycetes1881 gonococcus1882 saprophile1882 vibrion1882 coccus1883 diplococcus1883 streptobacteria1883 Clostridium1884 actinomycetes1885 pneumococcus1885 macrococcus1887 staphylococcus1887 iron bacterium1888 Proteus1888 ferrobacterium1890 meningococcus1890 rhizobium1890 sulphobacteria1890 nitrobacterium1891 Streptothrix1891 sulphur bacterium1891 myxobacter1892 Myxococcus1892 tetracoccus1893 coli1894 Pasteurella1895 pyrotoxin1895 Gaertner1897 purple bacterium1897 myxobacterium1898 pseudomonas1899 thiobacteria1900 treponema1908 corynebacterium1909 mycobacterium1909 Salmonella1913 Neisseria1915 botulinum1916 rickettsia1916 leptospira1918 acetobacter1920 Brucella1920 pseudomonad1921 strep1927 enterobacterium1929 opportunist1937 eubacterium1939 agrobacterium1942 persister1944 Moraxella1948 enteric1956 streptomycete1956 leptospire1957 transformant1957 lysogen1958 listeria1961 C. difficile1962 yersinia1967 Campylobacter1971 cyanobacterium1973 coryneform1976 eubacterium1977 legionella1979 acetogen1982 C. diff.1990 acidophilous1996 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 458 Cocci..are distinguished..according to their dimensions into micrococci, macrococci, and monad-forms. macro-farad n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement Coulomb1881 macro-farad1904 1904 N.E.D. at Macro- Macro-farad. macrogonidium n. Brit. , U.S. now rareΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of pelt1759 pelta1760 scutellum1760 scyphus1777 shield1796 podetium1814 apothecium1830 cistella1832 rhizine1832 scypha1832 soredium1836 amphigastria1842 gonidium1845 macrogonidium1853 hypothallus1855 crustaceous lichens1856 pycnide1856 perianth1857 isidium1866 thamnium1866 endospore1875 perigynium1882 pseudocyphella1882 thecium1882 parathecium1921 soralium1921 1853 A. Henfrey tr. A. Braun Refl. on Phenomenon of Rejuvenescence in Nature in A. Henfrey Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 137 Plants with two kinds of moving germ-cells, large (macrogonidia) and small (microgonidia). 1872 H. C. Wood Contrib. Hist. Freshwater Algæ (1874) 99 Non-sexual propagation taking place by means of motile gonidia (both macrogonidia and microgonidia, by some called zoogonidia). 1977 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 131 306 Propagation forms observed were nonmotile, spherical cells that arose by simple (‘macrogonidia’) or multiple (‘microgonidia’) septation of the filamental tips. 1983 D. L. Hawksworth et al. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dict. Fungi (ed. 7) 227/1 Macrogonidium, a large gonidium (obsol.). macromerozoite n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > class Sporozoa > [noun] > spore produced by fission merozoite1900 macromerozoite1903 1903 E. A. Minchin in E. R. Lankester Treat. on Zool. I. ii. 256 Within the cytocyst the schizont may break up into smaller micromerozoites or larger macromerozoites. 1988 Jrnl. Wildlife Dis. 24 610 Schizonts were generally 16 to 28 μm by 11 to 16 μm and contained merozoites of two distinct sizes (macromerozoites, nuclei 1.0 μm; micromerozoites, nuclei 0.5 μm). macroorganism n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > [noun] structure1683 organization1707 individual1746 series1748 organism1834 macroorganism1941 1941 A. F. Gustafson Soils & Soil Managem. iii. 52 The macroorganisms are those which may normally be distinguished with the unaided eye. 1989 Nature 2 Feb. 459/1 Macroorganisms produce flashes of relatively high-intensity light with emission maxima clustered at around 460–490 nm. 1994 Immunol. & Infectious Dis. 4 142 Melioidosis and glanders bacteria were found to form a protective capsule in macroorganisms. macroschizont n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > protozoa > [noun] > member of > parts of > cell that divides asexually schizont1900 agamont1911 macroschizont1912 1912 E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa xv. 373 The two limbs of the U-shaped body within the corpuscle fuse together to produce a bean-shaped parasite—the macroschizont. 1912 E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa xv. 373 In H. nicoræ, however, the macroschizont is set free in a capillary of the lung. 1976 Nature 27 May 311/2 So far, however, tissue culture methods have not produced all stages of the parasite subsequent to the macroschizont; namely microschizonts, micromerozoites and piroplasms. macroseptum n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > separation or partition mediastinum?a1425 mediastine?c1425 septum1543 paries1694 interseptum1753 cameration1863 abstriction1877 abjunction1887 macroseptum1904 1904 N.E.D. at Macro- Macro-septum. 1997 Invertebr. Reprod. & Develop. 31 177 With few exceptions gametogenesis [in the suborder Macrocnemina] occurs only in non-directive macrosepta. macrostylospore n. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts capsule1693 perithecium1800 aecidium1821 hymenium1830 pseudoperidium1832 pseudoperithecium1832 disc1842 trichidium1842 spicule1843 sporophore1849 stylospore1851 pycnide1856 cyst1857 pycnidium1857 basidium1858 cystidium1858 basidiospore1859 conidium1861 pollinarium1861 gonosphere1865 hymenophorum1866 spicula1866 teleutospore1866 promycelium1867 gonosphaerium1873 hymenophore1874 paracyst1874 sterigma1874 pollinodium1875 scolecite1875 uredospore1875 metuloid1879 operculum1879 uredo1879 aecidiospore1880 pycnidiospore1880 uredo-fruit1882 chlamydospore1884 teleutosorus1884 fruitcake1885 ascocarp1887 periplasm1887 pycnospore1887 pyrenocarp1887 macrostylospore1894 autobasidium1895 oidium1895 zygophore1904 aeciospore1905 aecium1905 pycniospore1905 teliospore1905 telium1905 uredinium1905 uredosorus1905 fruit-body1912 sporodochium1913 probasidium1916 fruiting body1918 pycnium1926 holobasidium1928 protoperithecium1937 uredium1937 1894 G. M. Gould Student's Med. Dict. (ed. 8) 717/2 Macrostylospore. macrozoogonidium n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > algae > [noun] > parts, cells, or spores anthosperm1844 trichosporangium1857 zoogonidium1857 octospore1870 macrozoogonidium1880 parthenospore1881 akinete1884 parthenogonidium1885 parthenosperm1889 phycobilin1945 phycobiliprotein1966 phycobilisome1966 phycoplast1972 1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 223 The protoplasmic contents of certain cells [of Hydrodictyon] break up into a large number of daughter-cells (macrozoogonidia). macrozoospore n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > spore sporule1819 zoocarp1824 zoospore1842 propagule1858 swarm-spore1859 macrozoospore1875 zygozoospore1881 swarm-cell1882 sporangiospore1889 planospore1904 planont1914 1875 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 15 396 Macrozoospores (which germinate asexually). b. macro-axis n. Brit. , U.S. Crystallography the longer of the two lateral axes in orthorhombic and triclinic crystals.ΚΠ 1872 T. Egleston Lect. Mineral. Errata If the brachy axis is placed in front, the formulæ for the macro and brachy domes are right. If the macro axis is placed in front, the formulæ should read [etc.]. 1966 R. Webster Pract. Gemmol. (ed. 4) iii. 20 The seven crystal systems... The main axis is placed vertically and the lateral axes pass through the sides; they are termed the macro axis for the longer of the two and the brachy axis for the shorter. macrochaeta n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [noun] > hairiness > bristle bristlea1300 jag1519 hispidity1660 macrochaeta1881 1881 C. R. Osten-Sacken in Mittheilungen des Münchener Entomol. Vereins 5 121 The characters derived from the number and position of bristles (macrochaetae), have been gradually gaining ground in dipterology. 1925 A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. 600 The study of the arrangement of the macrochætæ or differentiated bristles of flies is termed by Osten-Sacken chætotaxy. His important paper (1884) emphasised the value of these structures for classificatory purposes. 1996 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 135 1291 The actin bundles in Drosophila bristles run the length of the bristle cell and are accordingly 65 μm (microchaetes) or 400 μm (macrochaetes) in length, depending on the bristle type. macrochromosome n. Brit. , U.S. Biology a large chromosome, esp. in the karyotype of a bird or reptile.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1905 E. B. Wilson in Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 2 375 Especially large or small chromosomes may be designated as ‘macrochromosomes’ or ‘microchromosomes’, irrespective of their behavior. 1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. xxviii. 199/1 Heterochromatic composition of W chromosomes is uniform, which enhances their identity from other macrochromosomes with large nonfluorescing areas. macroconidium n. Brit. , U.S. (plural macroconidia) [compare French macroconidie (1867 in Littré)] Botany a large or long conidium; spec. the larger (usually more diagnostic) of two distinct types of conidium in certain fungi.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > part of capsule1883 conidium1925 macroconidium1930 nucleoid1938 muramic acid1957 mucopeptide1959 mesosome1960 rhapidosome1963 murein1964 peptidoglycan1966 1930 Phytopathology 20 898 Very young colonies of Type C form an abundance of microconidia and a few macroconidia, but, as they grow older, macroconidia appear in great numbers. 1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xxxvi. 504 Some fungi have both microconidia and macroconidia; other species have one or the other. macrodiagonal n. Brit. , U.S. Crystallography = macro-axis n.; (also as adj.) relating to a macro-axis.ΚΠ 1848 N. Webster Dict. Eng. Lang. Macro~diagonal. 1858 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Pathol. Urine 143 The planes..of the macrodiagonal prism [are inclined] at an angle of 85° 14′. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 360/1 To the greater lateral axis the name macrodiagonal is given. macroemulsion n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > semi-fluidity > [noun] > emulsion emulsion1612 macroemulsion1975 1975 Jrnl. Colloid & Interface Sci. 52 185/2 Macroemulsions scatter white light. Microemulsions scatter light in the Tyndall range, appearing blue to reflected light and orange-red to transmitted. Although there is some overlapping with microemulsions, micellar solutions do not usually scatter light; they are transparent. 1991 New Scientist 25 May 43/2 If you shake a mixture of oil and water, one liquid disperses in the other as tiny droplets to form a ‘cloudy macroemulsion’. macrolecithal adj. Brit. , U.S. [ < macro- comb. form + -lecithal comb. form] Zoology designating a type of egg having a large yolk compared to those of other groups.ΚΠ 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Macrolecithal, containing a large amount of yolk: said of certain eggs, like those of birds, reptiles, may insects, crustaceans, etc. 1960 T. H. Eaton Compar. Anat. Vertebr. (ed. 2) ii. 57 Special circumstances have brought about a third type, the macrolecithal egg, in hagfishes, sharks and their relatives, and in the reptiles, birds and monotreme mammals. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) v. 109 In the sharks and skates..and reptiles and birds..we find eggs of large size, the macrolecithal type, with yolk constituting most of the volume of the cell. macronodular adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [adjective] swollenc1325 bolnedc1380 botchya1398 tumid?1541 tumefied1597 tumefacted1598 proud1607 tumoured1635 hobbeda1722 swelled1733 all of a lump1738 jogged1746 nodular1872 youstered1894 micronodular1960 macronodular1967 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver hepatitis1699 liver rot1785 liver1805 gin liver1830 nutmeg liver1833 cirrhosis1839 Laennec's cirrhosis1839 gin drinker's liver1845 yellow atrophy1845 hobnailed liver1849 red atrophy1849 hobnail liver1882 fascioliasis1884 infectious hepatitis1891 distomatosis1892 distomiasis1892 hepatomegalia1893 infective hepatitis1896 spirit liver1896 hepatoma1905 hepatosplenomegalia1930 Pick's syndrome1932 serum hepatitis1943 Pick's syndrome1955 micronodular cirrhosis1960 macronodular cirrhosis1967 hep1975 1967 Jrnl. Clin. Pathol. 20 748/1 In some livers..there was indeed a superficial resemblance to macronodular cirrhosis of the incomplete septal type. 1976 G. M. Edington & H. M. Gilles Pathol. in Tropics (ed. 2) xi. 542 The terms portal and postnecrotic would probably be better expressed morphologically as micronodular and macronodular respectively. 1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) xvii. 163 In macronodular cirrhosis it [sc. the liver] is usually small and coarsely scarred. 1998 Clin. Endocrinol. 48 45 One patient with macronodular adrenal hyperplasia showed significant suppression of plasma cortisol. macropetalous adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals foliaceous1658 monopetalous1687 pentapetalous1687 polypetalous1687 hose-in-hose1688 monopetalose1693 pentapetalose1693 tetrapetalose1694 tetrapetalous1697 tripetalose1698 tripetalous1704 hexapetalous1707 petalous1719 petaloid1720 planipetalous1730 petaline1783 petaliform1788 petalled1793 polypetal1803 hexapetaloid1813 hexapetaloideous1830 tripetaloid1830 tripetaloideous1830 unipetalous1831 petaliferous1847 macropetalous1857 sympetalous1870 apopetalous1875 anisopetalous1880 petally1888 thread-petalled1899 thousand-petalled1951 decapetalous- synpetalous- 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Macropetalus, having large petals..: macropetalous. ΚΠ 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora 55 Thallus macrophylline. macrophyllous adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular shape or size broad-leaved1552 long-leaved1562 narrow-leaved1578 round-leaved1597 small-leaved1597 long-leafed1629 rosemary-leaved1633 rue-leaved1633 teretifolious1657 cut-leaved1731 longleaf1733 channel-leaved1758 halberd-shaped1770 alder-leaved1772 oak-leaved1776 holly-leaved1777 ivy-leaved1789 halberd-headed1795 daisy-leaved1796 narrow-leaf1804 oblique-leaved1807 sword-leaved1807 wing-leaved1822 flaggy1842 curly1845 macrophyllous1857 parvifolious1857 shield-leaved1860 curled1861 symphyllous1877 beak-leaved188. stenophyllous1880 thread-leaved1884 megaphyllous1901 little leaf1908 ivy-leaf1909 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Macrophyllus..macrophyllous. 1932 Ecology 13 33 The grassland area has a small percentage of macrophyllous leaves. 1965 D. R. Harris Plants, Animals, & Man in Outer Leeward Islands ii. 11 Trees and shrubs with evergreen, leathery (sclerophyllous) leaves are abundant in all three islands, while deciduous, small-leaved (microphyllous) species also form an important element in the flora of Antigua. By contrast, evergreen broad-leaved (macrophyllous) trees and shrubs are restricted to Antigua. 1983 Feddes Repertorium 94 239 The leaves are..macrophyllous in Anemia. macropinacoid n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > crystals (other miscellaneous) > [noun] > crystal planes pinacoid1858 macropinacoid1883 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 360/2 The limiting macropinacoid. 1960 F. H. Pough Field Guide Rocks & Minerals (ed. 3) iv. 50 The face pairs paralleling each other at opposite ends of the axes are the pinacoids, known respectively as basal, front, and side, or basal, macro- and brachypinacoids. macropleural adj. Brit. , U.S. [ < macro- comb. form + pleural adj.2] Palaeontology rare (of a trilobite) having long pleura.ΚΠ 1881 Academy 22 Oct. 315 The macropleural and brachypleural types. 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 132 475 Reasons for believing that the Brachypleural species of the genus Paradoxides are more recent than the Macropleural. 1995 Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 64 193 The location of macropleural spines, which may indicate the location of the gonopores or anus, generally falls at the predicted duplomeres. macroprism n. Brit. , U.S. Crystallography a prism of an orthorhombic crystal between the macropinacoid and the unit prism.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > specific crystal forms > [noun] tripyramid1828 trisoctahedron1837 fluoroid1850 sphenoid1855 discalenohedron1872 prism1878 tetrakis-hexahedron1878 galenoid1882 macroprism1883 semi-form1895 tetartohedron1895 tetrakisdodecahedron1895 trichite1900 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 360/2 On the one side originate numerous macroprisms. macropyramid n. Brit. , U.S. Crystallography a pyramid corresponding to a macroprism.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > specific crystal forms > [noun] > miscellaneous others pyramid1748 hemihedron1837 pyritohedron1841 adamantoid1850 pyritoid1850 orthoprism1872 orthopyramid1872 polyprism1873 macropyramid1883 shish kebab1966 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 360/2 A new pyramid is produced, named a macropyramid. macroradical n. Brit. , U.S. Chemistry a large radical.ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [noun] > compounds > element or atom forming the base of a compound radical1788 radicle1797 macroradical1967 1967 Jrnl. Polymer Sci. Polymer Symp. No. 16. 702 The measure of the ability of macroradicals to form interpolymer bonds by interpolymer combination. 1980 Chem. in Brit. 16 484/2 The macroradical P. then initiates the radical chain process. macrosegregation n. Brit. , U.S. Metallurgy large-scale variation in the composition of a casting or ingot caused by the gradual separation (esp. from the surface to the centre) of the different constituents of the molten alloy as it solidifies.ΚΠ 1967 Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 239 1449/2 Macrosegregation is often influenced by..thermal changes. 1978 Nature 16 Nov. 209/2 This technique of making final products has the advantages that macrosegregation is entirely eliminated, large amounts of solute can be held in metastable equilibrium which makes possible new levels of precipitation-hardening, and the consolidated product can have very fine grain sizes. 1994 Proc. Internat. Conf. Thermoelectr. 12 49 (heading) Investigation of macrosegregation of tellurium in..BiSbTe3 crystals. macrospicule n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sun > [noun] > chromosphere > spicule jet1871 spicule1945 macrospicule1975 1975 J. D. Bohlin et al. in Astrophysical Jrnl. 197 l133/1 A striking feature of the He ii 304 Å solar images..is the fact that the polar caps are extremely ragged compared with the smoother limb seen at lower latitudes. Close inspection shows that the limb over the polar caps is composed of a nearly continuous band of jets, either pointed or cylindrical, ranging in length from less than ∼5″ to more than 60″. Because of their size compared to the well-known Hα spicules, we have chosen to call these features macrospicules. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 860/1 These transient energy releases produce small-scale..jet-like phenomena, such as spicules and macrospicules, which have upward velocities of 25–150 km s−1. 1996 Solar Physics 165 115 So-called macrospicules, or spikes, extend up to 30 000 km. macrostylous adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having particular shape, form, or arrangement papilionaceous1668 umbellated1682 fistulous1690 umbelliferous1753 umbellate1760 butterfly-shaped1763 starry-eyed1793 umbelled1793 agglomerate1849 macrostylous1857 mesostylous1887 umbelliform1891 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Macrostylus, having a very long style..: macrostylous. 1887 H. M. Ward tr. J. von Sachs Lect. Physiol. Plants 790 The pollen of the macrostylous flowers is transferred to the microstylous stigma of another plant. macrotous adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1840 B. H. Smart Walker's Crit. Pronouncing Dict. Macrotous, long-eared. ΚΠ 1821 R. Jameson Man. Mineral. 55 Macro~typous Limestone. 1861 H. W. Bristow Gloss. Mineral. 224/1 Macrotypous kouphone-spar, Mohs. See Levyne. Macrotypous lime-haloid, Mohs. See Dolomite. 2. Forming terms (esp. in Biology and Medicine) in which macro- denotes abnormal enlargement. macrencephaly n. Brit. , U.S. (also macroencephaly) Medicine abnormal enlargement of the brain.ΚΠ 1956 Funk's Standard Dict. Macrencephaly. 1979 Helvetica Paediatrica Acta 34 146 (title) Postaxial polydactyly, hallux duplication, absence of the corpus callosum, macrencephaly and severe mental retardation: a new syndrome? 1989 Clin. Genetics 36 465 A child with an unusual pattern of malformations: severe delay in bone maturation.., relative macroencephaly.., skeletal abnormalities.., and developmental delay. macrocheilia n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1883 Ashhurst's Internat. Encycl. Surg. III. 34 Macro~chilia. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 455 Macrocheilia is a similar condition to macroglossia. 1992 Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Pathol. 73 56 An inflammatory nodule, 3 cm in diameter, on the left side of the upper lip...Its size resulted in macrocheila. macrocranial adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > skull measurement > [adjective] > types short-headed1802 beloid1833 microcephalous1840 platycephalous1846 long-skulled1847 round-headed1847 brachycephalic1849 dolichocephalic1849 acrocephalic1855 megacephalous1857 microcephalic1857 cymbocephalic1861 macrocephalous1861 platycephalic1861 macrocephalic1863 phaenozygous1863 dolichocephalous1864 homoeocephalic1866 mecistocephalic1866 mecocephalic1866 mesocephalic1866 orthocephalic1866 stenocephalic1866 cryptozygous1867 megalocephalic1868 aphanozygous1871 brachycephalous1872 orthocephalous1872 mesaticephalic1873 plagiocephalic1873 plagiocephalic1874 mesaticephalous1876 mesorrhine1877 platyrrhine1877 cylindro-cephalic1878 eurycephalic1878 hypsistenocephalic1878 megaseme1878 mesoseme1878 microseme1878 oxycephalic1878 oxyklinocephalic1878 platybasic1878 pyrgocephalic1878 tapinocephalic1878 megacephalic1879 hypsiconchous1885 mesoconchous1885 chamaeprosopic1886 leptocephalic1886 mesorrhinian1887 long-headed1888 tectocephalic1888 mecistocephalous1890 megalocephalous1890 plagiocephalous1890 mesocephal1891 stegoid1894 brachycranial1902 chamaecephalic1902 chamaeconchic1902 chamaecranial1902 macrocranial1902 platycranial1902 stenocranial1904 mesoconch1905 mesoconchic1909 hypsiconch1920 Lapponoid1939 hypsiconchic1960 1902 Biometrika 1 462 Dolichocephaly and chamaecephaly in both races are associated with macrocranial characters. 1907 Practitioner Aug. 318 The population of the south-west of Scotland, exclusive of Glasgow, is longheaded or macrocranial. macroglossia n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1862 New Sydenham Soc. Year-bk. 117 Case of Macroglossia. 1957 L. E. Travis Handbk. Speech Pathol. xxi. 643 Lingual deformities of various sorts include..macroglossia (enlarged tongue). 1991 Lancet 9 Mar. 597/2 Some patients with obstructive sleep apnoea..have obvious anatomical abnormalities, such as micrognathia, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, macroglossia, and soft palate hypertrophy. macromelia n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 452 They..may occur on the limbs, giving rise to macro~melia. 1983 S. Afr. Med. Jrnl. 64 906/2 In macromelia the abnormality is confined to a limb or limbs and may be unilateral or crossed. macrophallic adj. Brit. , U.S. having a large phallus.ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [adjective] > penis > having large well hanged1611 membrous1613 well-hung1637 macrophallic1857 well-endowed1951 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Macrophallicus..: macrophallic. 1970 F. Snowden Blacks in Antiq. 23 The circumcised and macrophallic Ethiopians. 1972 Sunday Times 23 Apr. 43 Commercial porn..with its inevitable distortions, brutalised women and macrophallic faceless men. macrostoma n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1897 G. M. Gould & W. L. Pyle Anomalies & Curiosities Med. vi. 253 Anomalies in size of the mouth are not uncommon... Morgan reports two cases of congenital macrostoma. macrostomia n. Brit. , U.S. (also †makrostomia) [ < macro- comb. form + ancient Greek στόμα mouth (see stoma n.) + -ia suffix1; compare xerostomia n. at xero- comb. form , French macrostomie (1900)] Medicine a congenital anomaly in which there is abnormal extension of one or both angles of the mouth, caused by abnormal fusion of the maxillary and mandibular processes of the embryo.ΚΠ 1875 C. H. Jones & E. H. Sieveking Man. Pathol. Anat. (ed. 2) xxxv. 535 Makro~stomia, prolongation of the corners of the mouth. 1993 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics 47 20/1 Barber and Say presented a previously unreported pattern of multiple congenital anomalies..consisting of macrostomia, ectropion, etc. 3. [Probably after macrocosm n.] a. Forming terms in which macro- indicates subject matter treated on a larger scale, or more comprehensive phenomena or levels of treatment, than is implied either by the word to which macro- is attached or by the corresponding term beginning micro-. (a) (i) macroplanning n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] compassinga1300 compassmentc1300 ordainingc1350 ordinancec1385 imaginationa1393 conjectmentc1400 before-castinga1425 forecastinga1425 imagininga1449 conjectinga1450 machinationc1550 platforming1560 plotting1593 contrivement1599 agitation1600 contrival1602 contrivage1610 projection1611 projectment1611 contrivance1647 politics1650 digestion1680 planning1730 contriving1751 scheme1790 scheming1813 schemery1822 replanning1853 mapping1856 macroplanning1966 1966 Economist 11 June 1206/1 To mention only a few [contributions], largely concerned with macro-planning: welfare-theoretical problems and planner's and consumer's sovereignty are the theme of Joan Robinson. 1992 Appl. Linguistics 13 4 Macroplanning involves the elaboration of communicative goals/intentions and the retrieval of the information needed to express these goals. macrosociological adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > study of society > [adjective] sociala1770 sociological1843 sociologic1851 social scientific1856 macrosociological1951 1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization i. 18 If the distinguishing feature of the anthropologist is micro-sociological technique, his theory is macro-sociological. 1988 European Social Rev. 4 95 Macrosociological theories emphasize the actions of interest groups, social classes. macrosociology n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > study of society > [noun] social sciencea1770 sociology1842 social studies1853 humanics1860 societology1883 human ecology1907 macrosociology1941 1941 G. Gurvitch in Jrnl. Philos. 38 486 Macrosociology is the study of the world of groups and of global societies, each of which are microcosms of the forms of sociality. 1958 W. Stark Sociol. of Knowl. i. 20 It might be useful..to call the one the macrosociology of knowledge, because it fixes its attention on the inclusive society. 1973 P. F. Lazarsfeld Main Trends in Sociol. p. ix In recent years, ‘macrosociology’ has again become a dominant concern for sociologists. macro-strategy n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > planning a course of action strategy1829 strategizing1915 game playing1916 macro-strategy1968 strategery2000 1968 Times 1 Nov. 27/7 But it is impossible for a government nowadays to have no macro-strategy; and Mr. Heath's Carshalton speech in 1967 gave a glimpse of one in embryo. 1992 Internat. Rev. Appl. Linguistics in Lang. Teaching 33 227 To test the major hypothesis of the study a frequency count of the use of each macro-strategy by each subject was primarily done for each task. macro-system n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1970 M. D. Marien in E. O. Attinoer Global Syst. Dynamics iv. 227/1 The term ‘macro-system’ or ‘macro-organization’ is proposed as a generic category for these three types of systems. 1987 NATFHE Jrnl. Mar. 13/1 While NAB nationally plans triennially, the macro-system is funded yearly. 1995 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. (Electronic ed.) 86 310 Wachs distinguishes four environmental levels relative to the development of a child. He calls these the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem levels, respectively. macro-world n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > present life worldeOE this lifeOE world-lifeOE sithea1225 journey?c1225 pilgrimagec1384 weeping-dalec1400 valec1446 peregrinationc1475 scene1662 shades1816 earth life1842 macro-world1968 1968 N.Y. Times 3 Aug. 23/2 The illustrations..cover both the micro and macroworld of nature. 1990 L. Picknett Encycl. Paranormal 251/2 This strange and beautiful sub-atomic universe is forever hidden to our senses, geared as they are to the macroworld of seeming reality. 1996 Sunday Tel. 13 Oct. (Review section) 19/2 If her micro-world is functioning smoothly, and there isn't too much travelling, Alice won't give a hoot about the macro-world—Belgium or Belsize Park, Prague, Périgord or Penrith, she won't care. (ii) macro-historical adj. Brit. , U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [adjective] > relating to or concerned with history historical1521 historian1632 macro-historical1955 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 42/2 There are some who profess to see in matters of culture, in matters precisely of the arts and sciences, a certain macro-historical pattern, a grand system of laws which determines the course of civilization and gives a kind of inevitable quality to the unfolding of the future. (b) macro-engineering n. Brit. , U.S. the design and construction of engineering projects on the largest scale possible.ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > engineering > [noun] > branches of waterwork?a1560 civil engineeringc1770 water engineering1787 millwrighting1821 engineering science1826 hydraulic engineering1835 river engineering1842 structural engineering1859 industrial engineering1860 chemical engineering1861 sanitary engineering1868 biological engineering1898 control engineering1914 radio engineering1915 environmental engineering1946 systems engineering1946 bioengineering1950 value engineering1959 biomedical engineering1961 geoengineering1962 macro-engineering1964 microengineering1964 terotechnology1970 hydroengineering1971 civil1975 mechatronics1976 knowledge engineering1977 1964 New Scientist 12 Mar. 685/1 The real cause of our attachment to macroengineering is at once more subtle and more profound. 1978 N.Y. Times 19 Feb. iv. 7/1 A one-day discussion was held on ‘macro-engineering’ projects—the construction of things so big size alone makes them different from all other things. 1983 Space Solar Power Rev. iv. 65 Macro-engineering is nothing more than the study, preparation, and execution of the largest engineering works which mankind can accomplish at any particular period of time. macrosocial adj. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > [adjective] civilc1443 social1579 sociable1641 civic1655 societal1843 societary1844 worldward1848 macrosocial1969 1969 R. Blackburn in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 170 Gouldner goes on to point out that though this concept [sc. exploitation] has been taboo in macro-social analysis of relations between social groups, this is not the case for micro-social analysis. 1994 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 109 26 Historically, macrosocial factors created racism, giving special salience to selected physical characteristics or the geographic origin of particular groups. macrosocietal adj. Brit. , U.S. relating to or affecting wider society.ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [adjective] > relating to or affecting wider society macrosocietal1966 1966 F. Schurmann Ideol. & Organization in Communist China Introd. 3 Every civilized society has complex organizations, ranging from macrosocietal political networks down to the smallest human groupings. 1977 Language 53 180 He misses the interplay between macro-societal factors and language choice in the individual interaction. 1992 Guardian 30 May 23/8 It was the Tories, though initially beleaguered by the new spirit, who learnt how to master it in its macro-societal form. macro-theorist n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1958 J. M. Henderson & R. E. Quandt Microeconomic Theory i. ii. 3 Prices are relevant in macro theories, but macro theorists usually..deal with aggregate price indices. 1968 Amer. Econ. Rev. 58 u6 Salary in the range of $10,000 to $12,000. Preference for a micro-macro theorist or econometrician. 1994 P. Ormerod Death of Econ. (1995) v. 100 Econometricians working with macro-data may often see themselves in the much grander role of arbitrating the disputes between the various schools of macro-theorists. macro-theory n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1958 J. M. Henderson & R. E. Quandt Microeconomic Theory i. ii. 3 Prices are relevant in macro theories, but macro theorists usually..deal with aggregate price indices. 1964 P. Worsley in I. L. Horowitz New Scientist xxii. 370 I for one have no objection to macro-theory and I believe that Mills himself contributed very importantly to the elaboration of what he called ‘master theories’. 1986 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 31 158 What is being offered is a macro-theory of language, instead of..micro-theories. 1994 Atlantic Econ. Jrnl. 22 88 The purpose of the book is to evaluate what has been done to date as preparation for the still pending task of creating a macro theory that explains the alternating phases of expansion and contraction of the economy in one integrated rigorous model. b. (a) Linguistics. In a hierarchical genetic classification of languages: denoting a proposed group superordinate to that specified by the second element, comprising related but non-identical languages or dialects; Cf. Macro-Algonquian n. ΚΠ 1962 R. S. Harrell in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 56 The three ‘macro-dialects’ which are the subject of the Georgetown dictionary project. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VII. 859/2 The Penutian languages are sometimes grouped into a yet larger stock, called either Penutian or Macro-Penutian, that includes several Meso-American Indian languages. 1980 Sci. Amer. Feb. 46/2 Although some conventions are shared by the four systems, the languages the systems record belong to three different families: Zapotec and Mixtec belong to the Otomanguean family, Aztec to the Utoaztecan and Maya to the Macro-Mayan. 1991 B. King in Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 36 418 What is proposed..is a family they call Macro-Tungusic (Tungusic, Korean, Japanese). 1996 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians XVII. 96 Distant links for Keresan have been suggested variously with Aztec-Tanoan, Zuni, the now-discredited Hokan-Siouan, and Macro-Siouan. (b) macrophylum n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages stocka1727 family1762 linguistic stock1846 linguistic family1847 language group1853 language family1863 Rhaeto-Etruscan1939 macrophylum1958 phylum1958 1958 H. Hoijer in R. H. Thompson Migrations in New World Culture Hist. 59 There is no indication that the families of a phylum, or the phyla of a macro-phylum, need be connected by clearly statable phonetic correspondences. 1977 C. F. Voegelin & F. M. Voegelin Classif. & Index World's Langs. 283 The four families and two language isolates which constitute the Macro-Panoan phylum are spread over a wide area from Peru eastward to Brazil and Bolivia and southward to Paraguay and Argentina. 1987 D. Crystal Cambr. Encycl. Lang. l. 292/2 It is evident, for example, that all the aboriginal languages of Australia..are related, but as there is no clear-cut historical evidence which bears on the matter.., scholars often refer to the Australian ‘(macro)phylum’ rather than to the Australian ‘family’. 4. Forming terms in which macro- has the meaning ‘visible to the naked eye, macroscopic’. macroform n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > kind of book > size of book > [noun] > large book > reproduction, easily read by unaided eye macroform1967 1967 Anglo-Amer. Catal. Rules: Brit. Text 267 Macroform, a reproduction large enough to be easily read by the unaided eye. Used in contradistinction to ‘microform’. 1981 L. M. Chan Cataloging & Classification 352 Macroform, a generic term for any medium, transparent or opaque, bearing images large enough to be easily read by the naked eye. macrofossil n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] > types of astroite1610 belemnite1646 mussel-stone1660 scallop-stone1668 trochite1676 conchite1677 ophiomorphite1677 pectinite1677 worm-stone1677 musculite1681 serpent-stone1681 sugar-plum1681 glossopetraa1684 ague shell1708 forket1708 mytilite1727 grit1748 phytolithus1761 fairy beads1767 fairy fingers1780 fairy arrow1794 gryphite1794 ram's horn1797 hysterolite1799 tubulite1799 thunder-pick1801 celleporite1808 ceraunite1814 seraph1822 serpulite1828 coprolite1829 subfossil1831 pencil1843 trigonellite1845 buccinite1852 rudist1855 guide fossil1867 witch's cradle1867 coccolith1868 fairy cheeses1869 discolith1871 Portland screw1871 spiniferite1872 cyatholith1875 cryptozoon1883 sabellite1889 palaeospecies1895 homoeomorph1898 rudistid1900 megafossil1932 scolecodont1933 macrofossil1937 hystrichosphere1955 palynomorph1961 acritarch1963 molecular fossil1965 mitrate1967 1937 G. D. Hanna in C. L. Camp & G. D. Hanna Methods in Paleont. ii. 79 Under the term macrofossils it will be desirable to treat together many of the larger groups of invertebrates such as the Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Bryozoa, and Crustacea... All forms more than 10 mm. in diameter will be treated as macrofossils. 1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet ii. 9 Tertiary and Cretaceous sediments in Venezuela and Borneo..yielded a detailed pollen record but virtually no macro-fossils. 1988 Nature 28 Jan. 344/1 We compiled data..tabulating the occurrence of over 3,500 macrofossil species. macrofungus n. Brit. , U.S. (plural macrofungi) a fungus with a macroscopic fruiting body.ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > fungus, mushroom, or toadstool froga1398 fungea1398 toadstool1398 paddock-stoola1400 padstoola1400 toad's hatc1440 paddockcheesea1500 campernoyle1527 fungus1527 frogstool1535 bruche1562 fungo1562 champignon1578 toadstool1607 toad's bread1624 canker1640 fung1665 fungoid1734 agaric1777 pixie stool1787 fungillus1794 toad's capa1825 fungal1836 hysterophyte1849 macrofungus1946 1946 Nature 16 Nov. 694/2 Prof. Roger Heim dealt with problems of taxonomy and phylogeny in macrofungi. 1993 Toadstool Rev. Dec. 1/2 It is always of great interest when new fossils of macrofungi are found. macro-invertebrate n. Brit. , U.S. , ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > [noun] > invertebrate insect1601 beastie1820 invertebrate1826 evertebrate1876 macro-invertebrate1956 invert1965 1956 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 40 313 The marshes..do contain macro-invertebrates which are tolerant of salt water. 1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) iii. 73/2 Abundance of macroinvertebrates (>0.5 mm in length) decreases when fish abundance increases. 1996 Sci. Amer. Jan. 59/1 The survey documented 155 species of macroinvertebrates, which tend to cluster near the banks, between Basel and Düsseldorf. Some of the most common were freshwater sponges, leeches, zebra mussels, [etc.]. macrostate n. Brit. , U.S. , ΚΠ 1950 F. W. Sears Introd. Thermodynamics xiv. 270 A specification of the number of phase points in each cell of phase space, i.e. of the numbers Ni, is said to define a macrostate of the system. 1991 A. J. M. Garrett in B. Buck & V. A. Macauley Maximum Entropy in Action vi. 140 Define the macrostate as something which is specified by only a few macrovariables, such as pressure P and temperature T. To every macrostate there therefore correspond many microstates. macrovegetation n. Brit. , U.S. Ecology macroscopic vegetation; vegetation visible to the naked eye.ΘΚΠ the world > plants > plants collectively > [noun] greenOE plantage1609 vegetation1744 greenery1816 macrovegetation1958 1958 Jrnl. du Conseil Internat. pour l'Explor. de la Mer 24 32 Samples of macrovegetation were collected in the spring. 1994 Hydrobiologia 279–80 83 The benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage changed..to high diversity and biomass characterized by plant associated forms..in areas covered by macrovegetation. 5. a. Photography. Denoting apparatus, procedures, etc., used in macrophotography; Cf. macro lens n.1 ΚΠ 1956 Focal Encycl. Photogr. 688/1 A camera with back focusing is a great advantage in macro work. 1961 L. A. Mannheim tr. O. R. Croy Camera Close Up 88 Macro-exposures. Exposures in close-up work have to allow for..the subject and its lighting..and the scale of reproduction. 1968 L. Gaunt & P. Petzold Pict. Cycl. Photogr. 425/2 The main requirement for a macro-camera is adequate lens extension. b. macro focusing n. Brit. , U.S. a means or facility for achieving focus in close-up photography; (also) the action of doing this.ΚΠ 1972 N.Y. Times 9 July 22/4 A super 8 movie camera that features a 10-to-1 zoom lens and macro focusing (down to 5½ inches) has been introduced by Honeywell Photographic Products. 1988 Pract. Photogr. Sept. 78/1 Many modern zoom lenses have what is widely called a macro focusing facility. 1991 Traveller Winter 22/2 A macro-focussing lens is invaluable for close-up photography of flowers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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