mahaln.

Brit.

/məˈhɑːl/, U.S.

/məˈhɑl/

Forms: 1600s mahael, 1600s mahalle, 1600s mawle, 1600s mohol, 1600s moholl, 1700s–1800s mahl, 1700s– mahal, 1800s mehal, 1800s muhal.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu maḥall; Persian maḥall.

Etymology: In senses 1, 2, 3 < Urdu maḥall and its etymon Persian maḥall < Arabic maḥall stopping place, place, abode < ḥall , colloquial form of ḥalla to alight, take up residence. In sense 4 an extended use of Persian maḥall. Compare Taj Mahal n.Sense 3 has probably been influenced by Urdu maḥāll and its etymon Persian maḥāll and their common etymon Arabic maḥāll (plural of maḥall) streets, blocks, used in India in sense ‘district, province’. Compare:1855 H. H. Wilson Gloss. Judicial & Revenue Terms India 318/2 Mahal, Muhul, plur. Mahál,..a station, a street, a district, a department: in the Hindu dialects this word is written indifferently Mahal or Mahál..confounding the sing. and plural numbers, and using both in the sense of the singular. The older pronunciation was with stress on the first syllable (or as one syllable). The variability in the spelling of this word was at one time notorious (see G. S. Rao Indian Words in English (1954) iv. 39).

South Asian.

†1. A house or palace for use in summer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > summer house or holiday house

summer houseOE

pleasure house1590

mahal1610

aestivation1625

summer cottage1638

cottage1805

Swiss cottage1820

summer home1821

casita1822

chalet1853

bathing-box1883

rest home1889

dacha1896

housekeeping cottage1901

weekend cottage1911

weekender1921

bach1940

hafod1952

gite1964

getaway1968

vacation home1969

timeshare1974

share1984

1610 W. Finch Jrnl. in W. Foster Early Trav. India (1921) 148 I lodged that night at Menhapoore,..by which is a garden, and moholl or summer house of the Queene Mothers.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 159 An even delicate street..bestrew'd with Moholls or Summer houses.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 162/2 Rajah Ragonaut's old mahal or house under Goosapahar.

1834 Baboo I. xi. 200 This old dwelling is not like the ancient Muhal of my fathers.

†2. Private apartments or lodgings, spec. those reserved for the women of a household. Obsolete.Also in extended use, as in quot. 1622: the wife of a noble, the consort of a king.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > suite of rooms > [noun] > private

mahal1622

1622 R. Hughes Let. 5 June in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 90 The lesker [= encampment] of Chon Azums soone mahalle.

1623 J. Hopkinson Let. 14 Nov. in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 321 The Dutch offred m[ahmudis] 1,500 for the great house alone, excepteing his mawle.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 71 Who..leads him into the Mahael (or private lodging).

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 76 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors He went to the Mahael, or Queens Lodgings.

1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 67 The mahls, the courts, the galleries, the rooms of state, are almost endless.

1799 Duke of Wellington Suppl. Dispatches (1858) I. 322 I beg that you will desire my moonshee to write a letter to the ladies in the mahal.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 294/1 These inner apartments are said to have been the mahl, or private chambers of Gundrufsein.

†3. In South Asia: a territorial division; a division of an estate or tract of land forming a unit let out for farming or hunting purposes. Also [probably by confusion with Arabic maḥalla] : a ward of a town. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of

pounds worthOE

school land1466

shot1478

ground1548

officiary1594

canton1643

lotment1651

bovate1688

fraction1789

mahal1793

erf1812

fractional section1815

forty1845

tan1871

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India

pargana1614

sirkar1627

zilla1772

district1776

mahal1793

taluk1793

mohalla1825

1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 106 The soobah of Bengal is said to consist of twenty-four circars and seven hundred and eighty-seven mahls.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Characters 3/1 Colar is a mahl of Sera.

1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. 177 (note) He was made magistrate of all the Hyderee mâhâls, or wards termed Hyderee, which included more than half the city.

1823 J. Malcolm Mem. Central India I. 146 (note) The first grants of twelve Mahals to Mulharjee Holkar.

1883 19th Cent. Sept. 424 The supervisors were instructed to prepare rent-rolls of each mahal, or farm.

1885 W. W. Hunter Imperial Gazetteer India (ed. 2) I. 349 The elephant hunting-grounds..are divided into several mahals, which are leased out.

4. (With capital initial.) (The name of) a type of coarse-woven carpet made in villages near Arak in Iran. (Now the principal sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > carpet > Oriental > Persian or Iranian

Persian carpet1583

Persian1653

Persian rug1844

Tabriz1859

Kirman1876

Mecca1892

Karadagh1900

Khorassan1900

Kirmanshah1900

Shiraz1900

Hamadan1901

Shah Abbas1901

garden carpet1908

mahal1911

vase carpet1915

Nain1953

1911 G. G. Lewis Pract. Bk. Oriental Rugs xiii. 201 Mahal is but a trade name.

1913 W. A. Hawley Oriental Rugs 286 If the field has concentric medallions, the rug may be a..Mahal.

1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets iv. 121 With us Mahal means the lowest grade of Sultanabad weaving.

1967 K. Larson Rugs & Carpets of Orient 104/1 Mahal, made in: the districts of Mahallat, Muskabad and Dulakhoo.

1972 P. L. Phillips tr. F. Formenton Oriental Rugs & Carpets 150 Mahal carpets are easily recognizable because of their large knots and their softness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mahal
释义	mahaln. Brit. /məˈhɑːl/, U.S. /məˈhɑl/ Forms: 1600s mahael, 1600s mahalle, 1600s mawle, 1600s mohol, 1600s moholl, 1700s–1800s mahl, 1700s– mahal, 1800s mehal, 1800s muhal. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu maḥall; Persian maḥall. Etymology: In senses 1, 2, 3 < Urdu maḥall and its etymon Persian maḥall < Arabic maḥall stopping place, place, abode < ḥall , colloquial form of ḥalla to alight, take up residence. In sense 4 an extended use of Persian maḥall. Compare Taj Mahal n.Sense 3 has probably been influenced by Urdu maḥāll and its etymon Persian maḥāll and their common etymon Arabic maḥāll (plural of maḥall) streets, blocks, used in India in sense ‘district, province’. Compare:1855 H. H. Wilson Gloss. Judicial & Revenue Terms India 318/2 Mahal, Muhul, plur. Mahál,..a station, a street, a district, a department: in the Hindu dialects this word is written indifferently Mahal or Mahál..confounding the sing. and plural numbers, and using both in the sense of the singular. The older pronunciation was with stress on the first syllable (or as one syllable). The variability in the spelling of this word was at one time notorious (see G. S. Rao Indian Words in English (1954) iv. 39). South Asian. †1. A house or palace for use in summer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > summer house or holiday house summer houseOE pleasure house1590 mahal1610 aestivation1625 summer cottage1638 cottage1805 Swiss cottage1820 summer home1821 casita1822 chalet1853 bathing-box1883 rest home1889 dacha1896 housekeeping cottage1901 weekend cottage1911 weekender1921 bach1940 hafod1952 gite1964 getaway1968 vacation home1969 timeshare1974 share1984 1610 W. Finch Jrnl. in W. Foster Early Trav. India (1921) 148 I lodged that night at Menhapoore,..by which is a garden, and moholl or summer house of the Queene Mothers. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 159 An even delicate street..bestrew'd with Moholls or Summer houses. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 162/2 Rajah Ragonaut's old mahal or house under Goosapahar. 1834 Baboo I. xi. 200 This old dwelling is not like the ancient Muhal of my fathers. †2. Private apartments or lodgings, spec. those reserved for the women of a household. Obsolete.Also in extended use, as in quot. 1622: the wife of a noble, the consort of a king. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > suite of rooms > [noun] > private mahal1622 1622 R. Hughes Let. 5 June in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 90 The lesker [= encampment] of Chon Azums soone mahalle. 1623 J. Hopkinson Let. 14 Nov. in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 321 The Dutch offred m[ahmudis] 1,500 for the great house alone, excepteing his mawle. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 71 Who..leads him into the Mahael (or private lodging). 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 76 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors He went to the Mahael, or Queens Lodgings. 1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 67 The mahls, the courts, the galleries, the rooms of state, are almost endless. 1799 Duke of Wellington Suppl. Dispatches (1858) I. 322 I beg that you will desire my moonshee to write a letter to the ladies in the mahal. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 294/1 These inner apartments are said to have been the mahl, or private chambers of Gundrufsein. †3. In South Asia: a territorial division; a division of an estate or tract of land forming a unit let out for farming or hunting purposes. Also [probably by confusion with Arabic maḥalla] : a ward of a town. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of pounds worthOE school land1466 shot1478 ground1548 officiary1594 canton1643 lotment1651 bovate1688 fraction1789 mahal1793 erf1812 fractional section1815 forty1845 tan1871 society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India pargana1614 sirkar1627 zilla1772 district1776 mahal1793 taluk1793 mohalla1825 1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 106 The soobah of Bengal is said to consist of twenty-four circars and seven hundred and eighty-seven mahls. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Characters 3/1 Colar is a mahl of Sera. 1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. 177 (note) He was made magistrate of all the Hyderee mâhâls, or wards termed Hyderee, which included more than half the city. 1823 J. Malcolm Mem. Central India I. 146 (note) The first grants of twelve Mahals to Mulharjee Holkar. 1883 19th Cent. Sept. 424 The supervisors were instructed to prepare rent-rolls of each mahal, or farm. 1885 W. W. Hunter Imperial Gazetteer India (ed. 2) I. 349 The elephant hunting-grounds..are divided into several mahals, which are leased out. 4. (With capital initial.) (The name of) a type of coarse-woven carpet made in villages near Arak in Iran. (Now the principal sense.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > carpet > Oriental > Persian or Iranian Persian carpet1583 Persian1653 Persian rug1844 Tabriz1859 Kirman1876 Mecca1892 Karadagh1900 Khorassan1900 Kirmanshah1900 Shiraz1900 Hamadan1901 Shah Abbas1901 garden carpet1908 mahal1911 vase carpet1915 Nain1953 1911 G. G. Lewis Pract. Bk. Oriental Rugs xiii. 201 Mahal is but a trade name. 1913 W. A. Hawley Oriental Rugs 286 If the field has concentric medallions, the rug may be a..Mahal. 1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets iv. 121 With us Mahal means the lowest grade of Sultanabad weaving. 1967 K. Larson Rugs & Carpets of Orient 104/1 Mahal, made in: the districts of Mahallat, Muskabad and Dulakhoo. 1972 P. L. Phillips tr. F. Formenton Oriental Rugs & Carpets 150 Mahal carpets are easily recognizable because of their large knots and their softness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1610
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