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单词 mahal
释义

mahaln.

Brit. /məˈhɑːl/, U.S. /məˈhɑl/
Forms: 1600s mahael, 1600s mahalle, 1600s mawle, 1600s mohol, 1600s moholl, 1700s–1800s mahl, 1700s– mahal, 1800s mehal, 1800s muhal.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu maḥall; Persian maḥall.
Etymology: In senses 1, 2, 3 < Urdu maḥall and its etymon Persian maḥall < Arabic maḥall stopping place, place, abode < ḥall , colloquial form of ḥalla to alight, take up residence. In sense 4 an extended use of Persian maḥall. Compare Taj Mahal n.Sense 3 has probably been influenced by Urdu maḥāll and its etymon Persian maḥāll and their common etymon Arabic maḥāll (plural of maḥall) streets, blocks, used in India in sense ‘district, province’. Compare:1855 H. H. Wilson Gloss. Judicial & Revenue Terms India 318/2 Mahal, Muhul, plur. Mahál,..a station, a street, a district, a department: in the Hindu dialects this word is written indifferently Mahal or Mahál..confounding the sing. and plural numbers, and using both in the sense of the singular. The older pronunciation was with stress on the first syllable (or as one syllable). The variability in the spelling of this word was at one time notorious (see G. S. Rao Indian Words in English (1954) iv. 39).
South Asian.
1. A house or palace for use in summer. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > summer house or holiday house
summer houseOE
pleasure house1590
mahal1610
aestivation1625
summer cottage1638
cottage1805
Swiss cottage1820
summer home1821
casita1822
chalet1853
bathing-box1883
rest home1889
dacha1896
housekeeping cottage1901
weekend cottage1911
weekender1921
bach1940
hafod1952
gite1964
getaway1968
vacation home1969
timeshare1974
share1984
1610 W. Finch Jrnl. in W. Foster Early Trav. India (1921) 148 I lodged that night at Menhapoore,..by which is a garden, and moholl or summer house of the Queene Mothers.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 159 An even delicate street..bestrew'd with Moholls or Summer houses.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 162/2 Rajah Ragonaut's old mahal or house under Goosapahar.
1834 Baboo I. xi. 200 This old dwelling is not like the ancient Muhal of my fathers.
2. Private apartments or lodgings, spec. those reserved for the women of a household. Obsolete.Also in extended use, as in quot. 1622: the wife of a noble, the consort of a king.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > suite of rooms > [noun] > private
mahal1622
1622 R. Hughes Let. 5 June in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 90 The lesker [= encampment] of Chon Azums soone mahalle.
1623 J. Hopkinson Let. 14 Nov. in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 321 The Dutch offred m[ahmudis] 1,500 for the great house alone, excepteing his mawle.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 71 Who..leads him into the Mahael (or private lodging).
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 76 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors He went to the Mahael, or Queens Lodgings.
1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 67 The mahls, the courts, the galleries, the rooms of state, are almost endless.
1799 Duke of Wellington Suppl. Dispatches (1858) I. 322 I beg that you will desire my moonshee to write a letter to the ladies in the mahal.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 294/1 These inner apartments are said to have been the mahl, or private chambers of Gundrufsein.
3. In South Asia: a territorial division; a division of an estate or tract of land forming a unit let out for farming or hunting purposes. Also [probably by confusion with Arabic maḥalla] : a ward of a town. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of
pounds worthOE
school land1466
shot1478
ground1548
officiary1594
canton1643
lotment1651
bovate1688
fraction1789
mahal1793
erf1812
fractional section1815
forty1845
tan1871
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India
pargana1614
sirkar1627
zilla1772
district1776
mahal1793
taluk1793
mohalla1825
1793 T. Maurice Indian Antiq. I. 106 The soobah of Bengal is said to consist of twenty-four circars and seven hundred and eighty-seven mahls.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Characters 3/1 Colar is a mahl of Sera.
1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. 177 (note) He was made magistrate of all the Hyderee mâhâls, or wards termed Hyderee, which included more than half the city.
1823 J. Malcolm Mem. Central India I. 146 (note) The first grants of twelve Mahals to Mulharjee Holkar.
1883 19th Cent. Sept. 424 The supervisors were instructed to prepare rent-rolls of each mahal, or farm.
1885 W. W. Hunter Imperial Gazetteer India (ed. 2) I. 349 The elephant hunting-grounds..are divided into several mahals, which are leased out.
4. (With capital initial.) (The name of) a type of coarse-woven carpet made in villages near Arak in Iran. (Now the principal sense.)
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > carpet > Oriental > Persian or Iranian
Persian carpet1583
Persian1653
Persian rug1844
Tabriz1859
Kirman1876
Mecca1892
Karadagh1900
Khorassan1900
Kirmanshah1900
Shiraz1900
Hamadan1901
Shah Abbas1901
garden carpet1908
mahal1911
vase carpet1915
Nain1953
1911 G. G. Lewis Pract. Bk. Oriental Rugs xiii. 201 Mahal is but a trade name.
1913 W. A. Hawley Oriental Rugs 286 If the field has concentric medallions, the rug may be a..Mahal.
1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets iv. 121 With us Mahal means the lowest grade of Sultanabad weaving.
1967 K. Larson Rugs & Carpets of Orient 104/1 Mahal, made in: the districts of Mahallat, Muskabad and Dulakhoo.
1972 P. L. Phillips tr. F. Formenton Oriental Rugs & Carpets 150 Mahal carpets are easily recognizable because of their large knots and their softness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1610
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