magman.

Brit.

/ˈmaɡmə/, U.S.

/ˈmæɡmə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin magma.

Etymology: < classical Latin magma semi-solid residue or dregs of an unguent < Hellenistic Greek μάγμα thick unguent < ancient Greek μάσσειν , μάττειν to knead (perhaps ultimately cognate with make v.¹). Compare French magma (late 17th cent. in pharmacology); sense 4 appears to have been borrowed from an equivalent sense in French, coined in J. M. E. Durocher Essai de pétrologie comparée (1857); sense 5 is also attested earlier in French (1883) than in English.

†1. The dregs that remain after a semi-liquid substance has been pressed or evaporated. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter left after evaporation, etc.

magma?1440

residuum1687

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 351 Taak aloen & mirre & magma with Saffron [L. crocomagma], of ych yliche.

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 17 You may squeese out the clear juyce..and hang the Magma in a bag in the bung.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 42/1 By another distillation reduce the Magma at bottom to the consistency of Honey.

1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 271 The Eggs..resemble a Magma of a brown Colour.

1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxxvii. 529 Apply the Magma (or Herbs after they are squeezed out of the Liquor) to the Wound.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Magma,..a squeezed mass of a certain consistence.

†2. A mixture of mineral or organic substances having the consistency of paste; also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral > mixture

magma1681

1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Magma, the blended dross and fæces of several metals, as also of chymical extractions.

1783 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 73 17 [They] afford no crystals, but only a magma or mother liquor.

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 111 It formed with sulphuric acid a thick black magma.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 688 A concentrated solution of potash forms with bird-lime a whitish magma, which becomes brown by evaporation.

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 24 A magma of dark-coloured sugar.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 93 It..should be so moist as to constitute a magma.

1894 T. H. Huxley Wks. IX. 8 Our earth may once have formed part of a nebulous cosmic magma.

3. Medicine.

†a. A thick ointment or salve. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > ointment

salvea700

balsamumc885

smerlesa1000

balmc1220

salvinga1300

ointmentc1300

unguenty1721

magma1749

rub1867

1749 J. Barrow Dict. Medicum Universale Magma, any thick ointment.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 519/1 Magma,..also, a salve of a certain consistence.

b. A thick suspension of a substance in water, a milk (milk n.¹ 5a). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1911 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 4 Mar. 299/1 (heading) Magnesia magma.

1918 A. R. Cushny Textbk. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 7) 40 Magmas (U.S.P.), or milks, are suspensions of bulky, white insoluble preparations in water.

1965 Pharmacopeia U.S. (ed. 17) p. lxiii Changes in Official Titles... U. S. P. XVII... Milk of magnesia. U. S. P. XVI... Magnesia Magma. Changed to what became U. S. P. XVII title, May 1, 1963.

1993 Magnesium Res. 6 157/1 All the treated patients received Mg(OH)₂ tablets (Magnesium magma USP tablets; ‘Mazor’, Israel).

4. Geology.

a. A hot, fluid or semi-fluid material beneath the crust of the earth or other planet, from which igneous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification and which erupts as lava.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > fluid layer below crust

magma1865

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > [noun] > material beneath crust

magma1865

Nife1909

1865 Haughton Man. Geol. 3 According to Durocher..the first and second layers of the globe are composed of totally different materials. The outer layer, which he calls the Acid Magma, corresponds with the granites; and the inner or second layer, which he calls the Basic Magma, corresponds with the trap rocks and the greenstones.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius xii. 336 Whether these rocks..constitute practically a solid basis, or float in a magma of slow fluidity.

1897 A. Geikie Anc. Volcanoes Brit. I. 12 There will thus be a constant pressure of the molten magma into the roots of volcanoes.

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. iii. 28 A volcano is essentially a rift or vent through which magma (molten rock material highly charged with gases) from the depths is erupted at the surface.

1955 Sci. News Let. 19 Mar. 187/3 Magma is called lava when it reaches the earth's surface.

1991 World Monitor Nov. 52 (advt.) Today's volcanoes are dwarfed by prehistoric ‘super-eruptions’ like the one..14 million years ago that poured out enough magma to fill Lake Erie.

†b. The matrix or groundmass of a porphyritic rock. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of rock > enclosing mass

matrix1651

matrice1855

magma1882

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. iii. 87 Many crystalline rocks consist..of a magma or paste, in which the crystalline particles are..embedded.

5. figurative. A confused or disordered body or mass of something; a confusion of sounds.

ΚΠ

1928 R. A. S. Macalister Archæol. of Ireland iv. 219 A conglomerate of lazy abbreviations..studded in a repulsive magma of exotic gibberish.

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come iii. §1. 261 The need for a planned ‘renucleation’ in the social magma that arose out of this dissolution.

1987 S. Eldred-Grigg Oracles & Miracles i. 9 A magma of peeling paint, flaking iron.

1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover i. iv. 53 A magma of sounds that fell away to reveal a silence.

Compounds

magma chamber n. a reservoir of magma within the planetary crust, esp. below a volcano.

ΚΠ

1911 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 47 71 The original location of each first-rank vent is..explained by the roof topography of the underlying magma chamber.

1978 J. Gribbin This Shaking Earth iv. 110 Large, deep intrusions or magma-chambers act as reservoirs which feed volcanoes.

1991 Sci. News 23 Nov. 324/3 Huge deposits of gabbro rock—the fossilized remains of ancient magma chambers.

magma reservoir n. = magma chamber n.

ΚΠ

1909 A. Harker Nat. Hist. Igneous Rocks ii. 36 At the depth at which we suppose a large magma-reservoir to be situated the conditions would be quite different.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xxi. 303/1 Because these volcanoes are large and their volcanic history is long, the magma reservoirs beneath them..have fractionated, giving rise to diversified lava assemblages.

1992 Sci. Amer. Aug. 21/3 At Kilauea, that equilibrium occurs about three kilometers below the surface, thus explaining the depth of the magma reservoir.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	magma
释义	magman. Brit. /ˈmaɡmə/, U.S. /ˈmæɡmə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin magma. Etymology: < classical Latin magma semi-solid residue or dregs of an unguent < Hellenistic Greek μάγμα thick unguent < ancient Greek μάσσειν , μάττειν to knead (perhaps ultimately cognate with make v.¹). Compare French magma (late 17th cent. in pharmacology); sense 4 appears to have been borrowed from an equivalent sense in French, coined in J. M. E. Durocher Essai de pétrologie comparée (1857); sense 5 is also attested earlier in French (1883) than in English. †1. The dregs that remain after a semi-liquid substance has been pressed or evaporated. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being solid rather than fluid > [noun] > solid matter left after evaporation, etc. magma?1440 residuum1687 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 351 Taak aloen & mirre & magma with Saffron [L. crocomagma], of ych yliche. a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 17 You may squeese out the clear juyce..and hang the Magma in a bag in the bung. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 42/1 By another distillation reduce the Magma at bottom to the consistency of Honey. 1730 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 271 The Eggs..resemble a Magma of a brown Colour. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxxvii. 529 Apply the Magma (or Herbs after they are squeezed out of the Liquor) to the Wound. 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Magma,..a squeezed mass of a certain consistence. †2. A mixture of mineral or organic substances having the consistency of paste; also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral > mixture magma1681 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Magma, the blended dross and fæces of several metals, as also of chymical extractions. 1783 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 73 17 [They] afford no crystals, but only a magma or mother liquor. 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 111 It formed with sulphuric acid a thick black magma. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 688 A concentrated solution of potash forms with bird-lime a whitish magma, which becomes brown by evaporation. 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 24 A magma of dark-coloured sugar. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 93 It..should be so moist as to constitute a magma. 1894 T. H. Huxley Wks. IX. 8 Our earth may once have formed part of a nebulous cosmic magma. 3. Medicine. †a. A thick ointment or salve. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > ointments, etc. > [noun] > ointment salvea700 balsamumc885 smerlesa1000 balmc1220 salvinga1300 ointmentc1300 unguenty1721 magma1749 rub1867 1749 J. Barrow Dict. Medicum Universale Magma, any thick ointment. 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 519/1 Magma,..also, a salve of a certain consistence. b. A thick suspension of a substance in water, a milk (milk n.¹ 5a). Now rare. ΚΠ 1911 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 4 Mar. 299/1 (heading) Magnesia magma. 1918 A. R. Cushny Textbk. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 7) 40 Magmas (U.S.P.), or milks, are suspensions of bulky, white insoluble preparations in water. 1965 Pharmacopeia U.S. (ed. 17) p. lxiii Changes in Official Titles... U. S. P. XVII... Milk of magnesia. U. S. P. XVI... Magnesia Magma. Changed to what became U. S. P. XVII title, May 1, 1963. 1993 Magnesium Res. 6 157/1 All the treated patients received Mg(OH)₂ tablets (Magnesium magma USP tablets; ‘Mazor’, Israel). 4. Geology. a. A hot, fluid or semi-fluid material beneath the crust of the earth or other planet, from which igneous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification and which erupts as lava. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > fluid layer below crust magma1865 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > [noun] > material beneath crust magma1865 Nife1909 1865 Haughton Man. Geol. 3 According to Durocher..the first and second layers of the globe are composed of totally different materials. The outer layer, which he calls the Acid Magma, corresponds with the granites; and the inner or second layer, which he calls the Basic Magma, corresponds with the trap rocks and the greenstones. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius xii. 336 Whether these rocks..constitute practically a solid basis, or float in a magma of slow fluidity. 1897 A. Geikie Anc. Volcanoes Brit. I. 12 There will thus be a constant pressure of the molten magma into the roots of volcanoes. 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. iii. 28 A volcano is essentially a rift or vent through which magma (molten rock material highly charged with gases) from the depths is erupted at the surface. 1955 Sci. News Let. 19 Mar. 187/3 Magma is called lava when it reaches the earth's surface. 1991 World Monitor Nov. 52 (advt.) Today's volcanoes are dwarfed by prehistoric ‘super-eruptions’ like the one..14 million years ago that poured out enough magma to fill Lake Erie. †b. The matrix or groundmass of a porphyritic rock. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of rock > enclosing mass matrix1651 matrice1855 magma1882 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. iii. 87 Many crystalline rocks consist..of a magma or paste, in which the crystalline particles are..embedded. 5. figurative. A confused or disordered body or mass of something; a confusion of sounds. ΚΠ 1928 R. A. S. Macalister Archæol. of Ireland iv. 219 A conglomerate of lazy abbreviations..studded in a repulsive magma of exotic gibberish. 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come iii. §1. 261 The need for a planned ‘renucleation’ in the social magma that arose out of this dissolution. 1987 S. Eldred-Grigg Oracles & Miracles i. 9 A magma of peeling paint, flaking iron. 1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover i. iv. 53 A magma of sounds that fell away to reveal a silence. Compounds magma chamber n. a reservoir of magma within the planetary crust, esp. below a volcano. ΚΠ 1911 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 47 71 The original location of each first-rank vent is..explained by the roof topography of the underlying magma chamber. 1978 J. Gribbin This Shaking Earth iv. 110 Large, deep intrusions or magma-chambers act as reservoirs which feed volcanoes. 1991 Sci. News 23 Nov. 324/3 Huge deposits of gabbro rock—the fossilized remains of ancient magma chambers. magma reservoir n. = magma chamber n. ΚΠ 1909 A. Harker Nat. Hist. Igneous Rocks ii. 36 At the depth at which we suppose a large magma-reservoir to be situated the conditions would be quite different. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xxi. 303/1 Because these volcanoes are large and their volcanic history is long, the magma reservoirs beneath them..have fractionated, giving rise to diversified lava assemblages. 1992 Sci. Amer. Aug. 21/3 At Kilauea, that equilibrium occurs about three kilometers below the surface, thus explaining the depth of the magma reservoir. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1440
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