malaten.

Brit.

/ˈmeɪlət/, U.S.

/ˈmæˌleɪt/,

/ˈmeɪˌleɪt/

Forms: 1700s–1800s malat, 1700s– malate.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French malate.

Etymology: < French malate (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1788 at main sense) < mal- (in malique malic adj.) + -ate -ate suffix¹.

Chemistry. A salt or ester, or the anion, of malic acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others

alum zucarinea1425

white precipitate1588

volatile salt or salts1639

malate1788

oxalate1788

sebate1788

succinate1789

camphorate1800

suberate1800

tannate1802

formate1807

zymate1817

uranate1819

ambreate1820

fungate1821

hydriodide1823

sorbate1823

fulminate1824

uraniate1824

pinate1829

oleate1831

pectate1831

resinate1831

xanthate1831

formobenzoate1834

racemate1835

indigotate1838

japonate1838

oxalhydrate1838

oxalovinate1838

palmate1838

pyruvate1838

roccellate1838

rubinate1838

verdite1838

oxalurate1839

sesquisalt1839

palmitate1840

rhabarbarate1840

hippurate1841

palmitin1841

sericate1841

stearate1841

oenanthylate1843

humate1844

parabanate1844

urethylane1844

angelate1846

fungiate1847

nitroprusside1849

sodium nitroprusside1849

fulminurate1855

igasurate1855

inosinate1855

phenate1857

sinapate1857

styphnate1857

anchoate1858

parellate1858

toluate1860

piperate1862

fumarate1864

glycollate1864

hydurilate1865

hyoglycocholate1865

isamates1865

itaconates1865–72

paralactate1866

porphyrate1866

usnate1866

thebolactate1867

oxalonitrate1868

rhodanate1868

stearerate1868

terebate1868

terephthalate1868

thymotate1868

turpetholate1868

violurate1868

viridate1868

xanthide1868

glycocholate1872

xylate1872

xylidate1872

tiglate1875

peptonate1876

hydracrylate1877

thymolate1880

formamidine1882

carboxylate1884

nucleate1896

phytin1905

cacodylate1908

cupferron1910

protamine sulphate1915

metallic soap1918

pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923

phosphagen1927

phosphocreatine1927

viologen1933

pentachlorophenate1938

hyaluronate1946

tetraethylpyrophosphate1947

pteroylglutamate1948

inosate-

1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 134 Malats, salts formed by the union of the malic acid, or acid of apples with different bases. This genus of salts has been without a name in the ancient nomenclature.

1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 598 (table) Malate of lime, &c.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 198 Cit. Vaquelin has discovered in the common house leek..a great quantity of malat of lime (malate de chaux).

1806 R. Patterson Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. App. 547 Malats—but little known.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 309 Malic acid..forms salts known by the name of malates [1802 malats].

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 214 Malate of Iron is..prescribed in the old Prussian Pharmacopœia.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. xii. 125 Potassium hydrogen malate has been isolated from stalks of Rhubarb and the fruit of Currants (Ribes).

1943 J. B. Sumner & G. F. Somers Chem. & Methods of Enzymes xviii. 324 Malate..could replace fumarate in reaction (c).

1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) xvi. 377 Malate is oxidized to form oxaloacetate.

Compounds

attributive. Biochemistry. Designating enzymes that catalyse reactions in which malate is a substrate or product; esp. in malate dehydrogenase n. any of several enzymes which catalyse reversible oxidation reactions of malate, spec. one which catalyses the dehydrogenation of malate to oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle and related metabolic processes. Cf. malic adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1937 H. Tauber Enzyme Chem. vii. 170 Malic dehydrogenase may be prepared by washing frog or ox muscle with M/15 phosphate buffer.]

1956 D. T. O. Wong & S. J. Ajl in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78 3230/2 An enzyme has been obtained from acetate-grown Escherichia coli, strain E-26, which converts equimolar concentrations of acetate and glyoxylate to malic acid. This enzyme has been tentatively designated as malate synthetase.

1961 Rep. Comm. on Enzymes (Internat. Union Biochem. Symp. Ser. No. 20) 69 L-Malate: NAD oxidoreductase Malate dehydrogenase.

1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry ii. ix. 186 NAD is said to be a coenzyme for this particular malate dehydrogenase.

1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) xx. 488 Malate is oxidatively decarboxylated by an NADP⁺-linked malate enzyme (also called malic enzyme).

1998 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 273 33482 The chloroplastic NADP malate dehydrogenase is completely inactive in its oxidized form and is activated by thiol/disulfide interchange with reduced thioredoxin.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	malate
释义	malaten. Brit. /ˈmeɪlət/, U.S. /ˈmæˌleɪt/, /ˈmeɪˌleɪt/ Forms: 1700s–1800s malat, 1700s– malate. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French malate. Etymology: < French malate (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1788 at main sense) < mal- (in malique malic adj.) + -ate -ate suffix¹. Chemistry. A salt or ester, or the anion, of malic acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others alum zucarinea1425 white precipitate1588 volatile salt or salts1639 malate1788 oxalate1788 sebate1788 succinate1789 camphorate1800 suberate1800 tannate1802 formate1807 zymate1817 uranate1819 ambreate1820 fungate1821 hydriodide1823 sorbate1823 fulminate1824 uraniate1824 pinate1829 oleate1831 pectate1831 resinate1831 xanthate1831 formobenzoate1834 racemate1835 indigotate1838 japonate1838 oxalhydrate1838 oxalovinate1838 palmate1838 pyruvate1838 roccellate1838 rubinate1838 verdite1838 oxalurate1839 sesquisalt1839 palmitate1840 rhabarbarate1840 hippurate1841 palmitin1841 sericate1841 stearate1841 oenanthylate1843 humate1844 parabanate1844 urethylane1844 angelate1846 fungiate1847 nitroprusside1849 sodium nitroprusside1849 fulminurate1855 igasurate1855 inosinate1855 phenate1857 sinapate1857 styphnate1857 anchoate1858 parellate1858 toluate1860 piperate1862 fumarate1864 glycollate1864 hydurilate1865 hyoglycocholate1865 isamates1865 itaconates1865–72 paralactate1866 porphyrate1866 usnate1866 thebolactate1867 oxalonitrate1868 rhodanate1868 stearerate1868 terebate1868 terephthalate1868 thymotate1868 turpetholate1868 violurate1868 viridate1868 xanthide1868 glycocholate1872 xylate1872 xylidate1872 tiglate1875 peptonate1876 hydracrylate1877 thymolate1880 formamidine1882 carboxylate1884 nucleate1896 phytin1905 cacodylate1908 cupferron1910 protamine sulphate1915 metallic soap1918 pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923 phosphagen1927 phosphocreatine1927 viologen1933 pentachlorophenate1938 hyaluronate1946 tetraethylpyrophosphate1947 pteroylglutamate1948 inosate- 1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 134 Malats, salts formed by the union of the malic acid, or acid of apples with different bases. This genus of salts has been without a name in the ancient nomenclature. 1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 598 (table) Malate of lime, &c. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 198 Cit. Vaquelin has discovered in the common house leek..a great quantity of malat of lime (malate de chaux). 1806 R. Patterson Adams's Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. (rev. ed.) I. App. 547 Malats—but little known. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 309 Malic acid..forms salts known by the name of malates [1802 malats]. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 214 Malate of Iron is..prescribed in the old Prussian Pharmacopœia. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. xii. 125 Potassium hydrogen malate has been isolated from stalks of Rhubarb and the fruit of Currants (Ribes). 1943 J. B. Sumner & G. F. Somers Chem. & Methods of Enzymes xviii. 324 Malate..could replace fumarate in reaction (c). 1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) xvi. 377 Malate is oxidized to form oxaloacetate. Compounds attributive. Biochemistry. Designating enzymes that catalyse reactions in which malate is a substrate or product; esp. in malate dehydrogenase n. any of several enzymes which catalyse reversible oxidation reactions of malate, spec. one which catalyses the dehydrogenation of malate to oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle and related metabolic processes. Cf. malic adj. 2. ΚΠ 1937 H. Tauber Enzyme Chem. vii. 170 Malic dehydrogenase may be prepared by washing frog or ox muscle with M/15 phosphate buffer.] 1956 D. T. O. Wong & S. J. Ajl in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 78 3230/2 An enzyme has been obtained from acetate-grown Escherichia coli, strain E-26, which converts equimolar concentrations of acetate and glyoxylate to malic acid. This enzyme has been tentatively designated as malate synthetase. 1961 Rep. Comm. on Enzymes (Internat. Union Biochem. Symp. Ser. No. 20) 69 L-Malate: NAD oxidoreductase Malate dehydrogenase. 1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry ii. ix. 186 NAD is said to be a coenzyme for this particular malate dehydrogenase. 1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) xx. 488 Malate is oxidatively decarboxylated by an NADP⁺-linked malate enzyme (also called malic enzyme). 1998 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 273 33482 The chloroplastic NADP malate dehydrogenase is completely inactive in its oxidized form and is activated by thiol/disulfide interchange with reduced thioredoxin. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1788
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