mancusn.

Brit.

/ˈmaŋkəs/, U.S.

/ˈmæŋkəs/

Forms: Old English 1600s– mancus. Plural Old English mancessas, Old English mancosas, Old English mancsas, Old English mancusas, Old English mancussas, late Old English mancses, late Old English manxes, 1600s mancussa, 1600s–1800s mancusses, 1600s– mancuses.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mancusus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin mancusus, mancusa a money of account equivalent to thirty pence, a weight equivalent to thirty pence (from late 8th cent. or earlier in British sources), probably also the name of a type of coin ( > Old Saxon mancus a golden coin worth thirty pence (glosses bazanticum , aureus ), Old High German manchussa (accusative plural) golden coin (glosses solidos , aureos , philippos )); further etymology disputed. The Latin word, which occurs frequently in documents from Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, probably appears earliest as an adjective modifying solidus . It is explained by some as a blend of classical Latin mancus mank adj. and percussus , past participle of percutere (see percuss v.). Others (usually in association with wider arguments concerning circulation of Arabic gold in Europe) suggest an etymology < Arabic manqūš engraved, sculptured, inscribed, passive participle of naqaša to engrave, sculpture, inscribe.Compare the post-classical Latin variant manca, which similarly occurs as the name of a money of account, and as a unit of weight (from late 9th cent. in British sources), and which probably gives rise to the following isolated occurrence in Middle English (although this could also arise from false analysis of the late Old English plural form mankes):a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 70 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 163 Wel se þe þe haueð golde fele manke [v.r. monke]. The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in the 17th cent.

Numismatics. Now historical.

(a) A money of account used in various parts of western Europe between the 8th and 12th centuries, and in England equivalent to thirty silver pence, two and a half twelve-pence shillings, or six five-pence shillings. Also: (the name of) a coin of this value. (b) A unit of weight (esp. of gold) equivalent to the weight of thirty silver pence.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > half-crown or thirty pennies

mancusOE

half-crowna1549

George1660

St George1661

slate1699

trooper1699

tosheroon1859

tosh1912

half a crack1933

OE St. Euphrosyne (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 342 Heo..nam mid hire fiftig mancsas.

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 296 Fif penegas gemaciað ænne scylling and þrittig penega ænne mancus.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Hatton) (1900) i. ix. 65 Þa sona gemette he on his greadan twelf mancosas [Corpus Cambr. mancessas], þa wæron swa scinende, swilce hi wæron on þære ylcan tide ut atogene of fyre.

OE Will of Wulfgeat (Sawyer 1534) in D. Whitelock Anglo-Saxon Wills (1930) 56 Ealle þa ðe to mire ahte fon gylde Brune xx mancses goldes.

c1425 ( Will of King Eadred (Sawyer 1515) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 35 Þanne minre [read nime] man twentig hund mancusa goldes and gemynetige to mancusan.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 200 Thirty of these pence..made a Mancus, which some think to be all one with a Marke...They reckoned these Mancuse, or Mancus both in golde and siluer.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 1 He sent his Holinesse 120. Mancuses for a Present.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 49 He made a perpetual grant of three hundred mancuses a year to that see.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 202 ‘These dog-Jews!’ said he... ‘They might have flung me a mancus or two.’

1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. i. iii. 54 What in mancuses and pence Clapa lacked of the price.

1887 C. F. Keary & R. S. Poole Catal. Eng. Coins in Brit. Mus. I. p. xxxiv The Mancus (pl. Mancusas) or Mancos... It was a coin of denomination in use upon the Continent quite as much as in England, and may have been imported into this country from abroad.

1896 A. Austin England's Darling iii. v. 80 To every Bishop in the land..must I send A copy of Pope Gregory's Pastoral, With golden seal worth fifty mancuses.

1955 Speculum 30 651 Imitations of the dinar in non-Arabic countries..were the mancus..and the marabotin, which replaced the mancus in the eleventh century.

1976 J. I. M. Stewart Young Pattullo xii. 275 There was Arabic on the mancus Offa had taken a fancy to.

1985 Econ. Hist. Rev. 38 197 The evidence of English charters shows that this was also the period when the mark replaced the mancus as the English weight for gold.

1990 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 May 538/1 A unique gold mancus (worth about thirty pence) survives from Edward's reign.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mancus
释义	mancusn. Brit. /ˈmaŋkəs/, U.S. /ˈmæŋkəs/ Forms: Old English 1600s– mancus. Plural Old English mancessas, Old English mancosas, Old English mancsas, Old English mancusas, Old English mancussas, late Old English mancses, late Old English manxes, 1600s mancussa, 1600s–1800s mancusses, 1600s– mancuses. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mancusus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin mancusus, mancusa a money of account equivalent to thirty pence, a weight equivalent to thirty pence (from late 8th cent. or earlier in British sources), probably also the name of a type of coin ( > Old Saxon mancus a golden coin worth thirty pence (glosses bazanticum , aureus ), Old High German manchussa (accusative plural) golden coin (glosses solidos , aureos , philippos )); further etymology disputed. The Latin word, which occurs frequently in documents from Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, probably appears earliest as an adjective modifying solidus . It is explained by some as a blend of classical Latin mancus mank adj. and percussus , past participle of percutere (see percuss v.). Others (usually in association with wider arguments concerning circulation of Arabic gold in Europe) suggest an etymology < Arabic manqūš engraved, sculptured, inscribed, passive participle of naqaša to engrave, sculpture, inscribe.Compare the post-classical Latin variant manca, which similarly occurs as the name of a money of account, and as a unit of weight (from late 9th cent. in British sources), and which probably gives rise to the following isolated occurrence in Middle English (although this could also arise from false analysis of the late Old English plural form mankes):a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 70 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 163 Wel se þe þe haueð golde fele manke [v.r. monke]. The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in the 17th cent. Numismatics. Now historical. (a) A money of account used in various parts of western Europe between the 8th and 12th centuries, and in England equivalent to thirty silver pence, two and a half twelve-pence shillings, or six five-pence shillings. Also: (the name of) a coin of this value. (b) A unit of weight (esp. of gold) equivalent to the weight of thirty silver pence. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > half-crown or thirty pennies mancusOE half-crowna1549 George1660 St George1661 slate1699 trooper1699 tosheroon1859 tosh1912 half a crack1933 OE St. Euphrosyne (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 342 Heo..nam mid hire fiftig mancsas. OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 296 Fif penegas gemaciað ænne scylling and þrittig penega ænne mancus. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Hatton) (1900) i. ix. 65 Þa sona gemette he on his greadan twelf mancosas [Corpus Cambr. mancessas], þa wæron swa scinende, swilce hi wæron on þære ylcan tide ut atogene of fyre. OE Will of Wulfgeat (Sawyer 1534) in D. Whitelock Anglo-Saxon Wills (1930) 56 Ealle þa ðe to mire ahte fon gylde Brune xx mancses goldes. c1425 ( Will of King Eadred (Sawyer 1515) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 35 Þanne minre [read nime] man twentig hund mancusa goldes and gemynetige to mancusan. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 200 Thirty of these pence..made a Mancus, which some think to be all one with a Marke...They reckoned these Mancuse, or Mancus both in golde and siluer. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 1 He sent his Holinesse 120. Mancuses for a Present. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 49 He made a perpetual grant of three hundred mancuses a year to that see. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 202 ‘These dog-Jews!’ said he... ‘They might have flung me a mancus or two.’ 1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold I. i. iii. 54 What in mancuses and pence Clapa lacked of the price. 1887 C. F. Keary & R. S. Poole Catal. Eng. Coins in Brit. Mus. I. p. xxxiv The Mancus (pl. Mancusas) or Mancos... It was a coin of denomination in use upon the Continent quite as much as in England, and may have been imported into this country from abroad. 1896 A. Austin England's Darling iii. v. 80 To every Bishop in the land..must I send A copy of Pope Gregory's Pastoral, With golden seal worth fifty mancuses. 1955 Speculum 30 651 Imitations of the dinar in non-Arabic countries..were the mancus..and the marabotin, which replaced the mancus in the eleventh century. 1976 J. I. M. Stewart Young Pattullo xii. 275 There was Arabic on the mancus Offa had taken a fancy to. 1985 Econ. Hist. Rev. 38 197 The evidence of English charters shows that this was also the period when the mark replaced the mancus as the English weight for gold. 1990 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 May 538/1 A unique gold mancus (worth about thirty pence) survives from Edward's reign. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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