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单词 maori
释义

Maorin.adj.

Brit. /ˈmaʊri/, U.S. /ˈmaʊri/, New Zealand English /ˈmʌːori/, /ˈmæuri/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, Maories, Maoris.
Forms: 1800s Mahrie, 1800s Maodi, 1800s Maoude, 1800s Maouri, 1800s Mauri, 1800s Maury, 1800s Mauvre, 1800s Mawrie, 1800s Mourai, 1800s Mouray, 1800s Mouri, 1800s Mourie, 1800s Moury, 1800s Mowree, 1800s Mowrey, 1800s Mowrie, 1800s– Maori, 1900s– Maaori.
Origin: A borrowing from Maori. Etymon: Maori māori.
Etymology: < Maori māori normal, usual, ordinary, used to distinguish objects from others having special characteristics, whence its development to ‘person of the Polynesian race’, ‘person who is not a foreigner’. The original term used by non-Maori was New Zealander (see New Zealander n.).For a discussion of the forms see Dict. N.Z. Eng.
A. n.
1. The Polynesian language of the original people of New Zealand.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Austric > [noun] > Austronesian > Polynesian > Polynesian languages
Maori1828
Rarotongan1835
Samoan1846
Mota1865
Niue1885
Tongan1897
Niuean1899
Marquesan1919
Palauan1953
Pascuense1953
te reo1958
Cook Islands Maori1963
te reo Maori1987
1828 H. Williams Early Jrnls. 17 Aug. (1961) 141 The Service very pleasant as all the Natives assembled and part of it is held in Maori, which keeps up their attention.
1845 E. J. Wakefield Adventures N.Z. I. vi. 174 The Maori, as made a written language, is pronounced in the same way as German or Spanish.
1871 Month Jan.–Feb. 171 Ta Poipipi—which we are glad to hear is Maori for ‘Mr. Busby’—a brave and loyal chief and several other native and foreign companions, made up the party.
1926 Austral. Encycl. II. 135 ‘Pipi’, the name in use in New South Wales, has been adopted from the Maori.
1943 N. Marsh Colour Scheme i. 25 She added, in dog-Maori, an extremely pointed insult.
1986 Auckland Star 6 Feb. a4 Stereo sound would be used in news and other programmes, so they could be heard in either Maori or English.
2. A member of the Polynesian original people of New Zealand; a descendant of this people.
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the world > people > ethnicities > New Zealand and Australian indigenous peoples > Maori > [noun]
New Zealander1770
Zealander1773
Maori1834
nigger1858
moa-hunter1870
Hori1933
1834 E. Markham N.Z. Recoll. (1963) 66 The old people believe that the (Atua) God of the Parkiars Strangers is killing or eating the Mouries or Natives.
1851 J. C. Richmond Let. 25 Mar. in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. ii. 79 We were 6 in party, ourselves, young Stark & 3 Maoris with ‘pikau’ burdens.
1854 W. Golder Pigeons' Parl. 34 Through bush and clearing searching for ye Full of the thoughts of shooting Maori.
1867 F. von Hochstetter N.Z. 167 The several Platycercus species, Kakariki of the Maoris, are parrots with brilliant colours.
1884 Cent. Mag. 27 919 Crowds of Maoris..thronged the streets.
1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 19 When the red miro berries were ripe..the Maori smiled.
1933 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 19 Oct. 15/7 The individual plants are called flax bushes and the dried reed stalks (which Maoris and children tied into bundles to make rafts) are called flax-sticks, koradi sticks, or kraddy sticks.
1959 A. H. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 72 In the country proper the Maori has retained his traditional mode of life which is symbolised in the marae.
1988 Times 5 Feb. 14/8 He also visited New Zealand to study the Maories.
3. New Zealand. Mining. black Maori n. pebbles of dark brown ferro-manganese ore. white Maori n. now historical = scheelite n.
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1868 V. Pyke Province of Otago 39 [Scheelite] generally occurs as a coarse white heavy sand, difficult to pan off when washing gold, and is called ‘White Maori’ by the miners.
1883 J. Bathgate Illustr. Guide Dunedin 169 Tungstate of lime occurs plentifully in the Wakatipu district, where from its weight and colour it is called White Maori by the miners.
1919 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 2 116 The ‘black Maoris’ of the Otago gold-diggers consist in most cases of rolled pebbles formed of a mixture of iron and manganese oxides.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xiii. 190/2 This hard ferro-manganese material forms the pebbles known to the early alluvial miners as ‘black Maori’ (as contrasted with ‘white Maori’—scheelite).
4. Also maori. Each of three brightly coloured wrasses, Ophthalmolepis lineolatus of southern Australian waters (also called rainbowfish), and Cheilinus undulatus and C. fasciatus of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. More fully maori wrasse.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > member of genus Coris (rainbow-fish)
rainbow wrasse1836
Maori1882
rainbowfish1955
1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales iii. 74 Those that are most familiar to the Sydney public are the ‘blue groper’.., the ‘Maori’ (Coris lineolatus), and the ‘rock whiting’.
1883 E. P. Ramsay Food Fishes New S. Wales 25 The ‘Maori’ (Coris lineolatus), a most varied and beautifully marked fish, of a rich vermilion.
1906 D. G. Stead Fishes Austral. 142 The Maori or Rainbow-Fish (Coris lineolatus).
1966 T. C. Roughley Fish & Fisheries Austral. 89 The maori has received its name from the tattoo-like markings on its head and gill-covers.
1984 Austral. Gourmet June–July 59 The choicest of local seafood, such as coral trout, red emperor, maori wrasse.
B. adj.
1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Maori or their language.See also copper Maori n.
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the world > people > ethnicities > New Zealand and Australian indigenous peoples > Maori > [adjective]
Maori1834
moa-hunting1872
1834 E. Markham N.Z. Recoll. (1963) 51 One of them read the Translation of Colonel Arthurs letter..in the Mourie language.
1845 E. J. Wakefield Adventures N.Z. I. vi. 174 The Maori language..possesses..but few words which express abstract ideas.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 254/2 Kowhai, Maori name given to (1) Locust-tree, Yellow Kowhai (Sophora tetraptera).
1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 17 Little Tuhi..with the white skin and fair hair of his mother and the pure Maori features of his father.
1941 S. J. Baker N.Z. Slang ii. 21 We have to thank our original inhabitants for specifying, inaccurately as might be expected, the expression to rub noses as the equivalent of the Maori ceremony known as hongi. (The nose is pressed, not rubbed.)
1966 G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. viii. 168 The shrub matogowrie, called Irishman in early writings, is especially common in the South Island where Maori influence is least strong and anglicization is most likely.
1986 N.Z. Herald 6 Feb. i. 8 A Maori elder who gives lessons in Maori.
1993 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 32/2 Māori land claims, strengthened by a Māori cultural renaissance, were given much greater clout.
2. New Zealand colloquial (frequently derogatory or depreciative when used by non-Maori). Of a thing, a state, etc.: unkempt, neglected, disorderly; uncivilized, inferior; lax, idle (in extended use in quot. 1980). Cf. also Maori P.T. n. at Compounds.
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1857 J. Morgan Let. 23 June in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. 279 June and July being mid winter and the road being in its Maori state, we could not depend on getting in to Ahuriri or Auckland on the fixed day.
1887 Auckland Weekly News 24 Sept. 29 Some of the enclosures have been allowed to take a Maori fallow—i.e. have gone back to flax bush and milk weed.
1941 S. J. Baker N.Z. Slang v. 44 Maori..its slightly contemptuous adjectival use, as in..a Maori garden, Maori manners. Here the term is employed to signify something unkempt, rather disordered or wild, something a little ‘uncivilized’.
1946 E. Beaglehole & P. Beaglehole Some Mod. Maoris 295 A ‘Maori’ door is one on which the catch is broken or which fits so badly that it blows open in the wind... A ‘Maori’ gate is always a weird contraption made of bits of wire, string, parts of an old iron bedstead.
1960 N. Hilliard Maori Girl 218 They kidded each other in a way that would have been offensive with pakehas. When Shirley put a cigarette-butt down the sink..Netta would say, ‘That's a real Maori trick, that one!’
1970 D. M. Davin Not here, not Now 194 ‘What time is Bill [Rangata] coming to pick us up for the dance?’ ‘About half-past seven, he said. But he's a bit Maori about time.’
1980 L. S. Leland Personal Kiwi-Yankee Dict. 62 Like other socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, the Maori is the butt of a number of jokes... A Maori holiday is the day after payday.

Compounds

Maori bug n. New Zealand a large, black wingless cockroach, Platyzosteria novaeseelandiae, which emits an unpleasant smell when disturbed.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > miscellaneous types > platyzosteria novae-zelandiae (Maori bug)
Maori bug1873
1873 J. E. Tinne Wonderland of Antipodes 52 Fleas, Maori bugs, sand-flies and mosquitoes were bad enough.
1926 R. J. Tillyard Insects Austral. & N.Z. x. 91 The common ‘Maori Bug’ of New Zealand is Platyzosteria novae-seelandiae Brunn., a black evil-smelling insect.
1959 Numbers 9 8 We..shook Maori bugs out of the blankets.
1966 Encycl. N.Z. I. 269/1 Bug, Maori (Platyzosteria novae-zelandiae). Maori bug is the commonly accepted name for the largest endemic cockroach of New Zealand... This species is capable of liberating a characteristic, unpleasant odour when disturbed.
1993 K. Sinclair Halfway round Harbour 68 I used to lie on my bunk watching hundreds of black beetles—‘maori bugs’—crawling above my head.
Maori cabbage n. New Zealand any of several naturalized forms of brassica, esp. Brassica oleracea and B. rapa, growing wild in New Zealand.
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1863 S. Butler First Year Canterbury Settl. ix. 131 The only plant good to eat is Maori cabbage, and that is Swede turnip gone wild, from seed left by Captain Cook.
1881 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1880 13 31 The use of these in modern times..was commonly superseded by that of the extremely useful and favourite plant—the ‘Maori cabbage’ (Brassica oleracea), introduced by Cook.
1962 ‘Hori’ Half-gallon Jar 98 Puha, Maori cabbage.
Maori English n. any one of several varieties of English typical of, but not exclusive to, Maori speakers.
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1926 P. Lawlor Maori Tales 9 The reader should be warned that the apparently phonetic spelling of English as it is commonly supposed to be spoken by Hori is not to be accepted as authentic ‘Maori English’.
1972 N.Z. Jrnl. Educ. Stud. May 68 I hope to have shown..that we should not accept uncritically the assumption that Maori English constitutes a restricted code or that Maori children are cognitively deficient.
1993 T. Deverson in L. Bauer & C. Franzen Of Pavlovas, Poetry & Paradigms (1993) 205 Esmeralda..in Came a Hot Friday, uses some constructions which are or have been thought to be markers of Maori English: ‘You just an animal like all those other peoples’.
Maori-head n. New Zealand either of two tussock-forming sedges, Carex secta and C. virgata, which darken when dried.
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1856 W. Roberts Diary in J. H. Beattie Early Runholding in Otago (1947) 18 Maori-heads, a kind of grass tree about three feet high, abounded in the swamps.
1882 T. H. Potts Out in Open 169 A boggy creek that oused sluggishly through rich black soil or amongst tall raupo, maori-heads, and huge flax bushes.
1956 J. H. Beattie Pioneer Recoll. 44 She rapidly crossed by jumping from one Maorihead to another.
Maori hen n. New Zealand (now rare) the weka, Gallirallus australis.
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1863 A. J. Barrington Diary 25 Dec. in N. M. Taylor Early Travellers N.Z. (1959) 393 We had a plum duff boiling..cooked four Maori hens, and had a jolly afternoon.
1874 Ibis 4 97 Wood or Maori Hen. Weka.
1966 M. E. Gillham Naturalist N.Z. 283/2 Weka or Maori henGallirallus australis.
1991 P. O'Regan Aunts & Windmills 65 [Drovers in the 1920s] would recount where they heard the tui..and spotted the Maori hen (they still used the colonial term for a weka) scuttling across the road.
Maori onion n. New Zealand a perennial plant of New Zealand, Bulbinella (or Chrysobactron) hookeri (family Liliaceae), with dense racemes of yellow flowers.
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1906 R. M. Laing & E. W. Blackwell Plants N.Z. 102 Bulbinella Hookeri..is frequently—at least in the Southern part of New Zealand—known as the Maori Onion.
1926 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 56 663 The confusion might be avoided were the word ‘Maori’ used instead of ‘native’... There is ‘Maori cabbage’, ‘Maori onion’—why not ‘Maori aniseed’, ‘Maori convolvulus’, &c.?
1966 Encycl. N.Z. I. 714/2 A very common plant in damp peaty soils, at moderate altitudes, is the Maori onion, Chrysobactron hookeri, which produces masses of yellow flowers.
Maori oven n. New Zealand an oven in which food is placed on heated stones and covered with flax, earth, etc.; = copper Maori n.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven > earth oven
native oven1820
copper Maoric1826
Maori oven1840
kohua1843
umu1845
hangi1861
imu1928
1840 A. D. W. Best Jrnl. 12 Dec. (1966) 265 A Mauri oven deserves that a few lines should be devoted to it.
1849 W. T. Power Sketches in N.Z. xviii. 160 Engaged in the superintendence of a Maori oven, or a huge gipsy-looking cauldron, called a ‘go-ashore’.
1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 102 ‘Coppa Maori’, ‘Maori oven’, etc.—these are the slang names given by those who know no better.
1970 D. McLeod Many a Glorious Morning 37 When you come to think of it, this [brick bread-oven] is only the European version of the Maori oven.
Maori P.T. n. [ < B. + PT n. at P n. Initialisms] New Zealand slang (originally Services' slang) (offensive) the action of relaxing and doing nothing; loafing.
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1939–45 Expressions & Sayings 2nd N.Z. Expeditionary Force in Dict. N.Z. Eng. (1997) 480/3 Maori PT—Lying on bed (or anywhere) dozing.
1946 Tararua Tramper June 8 The party ended with the dawn and people amused themselves variously from then on. ‘Maori P.T.’ was a very popular exercise.
1966 G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. vi. 135 In New Zealand the word Maori sometimes enters into slang with contemptuous connotation, but there is a good-natured tolerance, even tinged with envy for an admirable adjustment to life's problems, in a term like Maori P.T...to mean lying down and doing nothing.
1986 D. Davin Salamander & Fire 166 He was off to have his cup of char..before he did anything else. I thought I'd do the same and have a bit of Maori PT as well.
Maori potato n. New Zealand any of several varieties of mealy potatoes with reddish or purple skins, grown originally and traditionally by Maori.
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1959 L. Masters Tales of Mails 134 Jeff and his companion ran out of food, and for 6 weeks after their arrival..[in 1856], had to live on shell fish and Maori potatoes. Captain Cook had left seed potatoes with the Maoris, hence the Maori potatoes.
1971 N.Z. Heritage 1 253 The uwhi potato and other early introduced varieties—known collectively today as ‘Maori potatoes’..—are still found growing in some home gardens.
1983 Bot. Div. Newslet. (N.Z. Dept. Sci. & Industr. Res.) No. 85. 11 The ancient potato cultivars commonly referred to as Maori potatoes may be descended from tubers given to the Maori by early explorers, or they may have come direct from South America with the early colonisation of the Pacific.
Maori rat n. New Zealand the kiore, Rattus exulans.
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1871 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1870 3 1 As the pakeha rat has eaten up the Maori rat, so will the pakeha kill the Maori.
1966 Encycl. N.Z. III. 49/2 The Maori or native rat (Rattus exulans Peale) was known to the Maoris as kiore.
1990 I. A. E. Atkinson & H. Moller in C. M. King Handbk. N.Z. Mammals 175 Kiore. Rattus exulans... Also called Maori rat, Pacific rat, Polynesian rat.
Maori title n. (also Maori customary title) New Zealand the legal right to the possession of land deriving from original Maori ownership and custom, and confirmed by the Treaty of Waitangi (1840).
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1876 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1875 8 422 The Native Land Courts..are chiefly interesting as the means of investigating Maori titles to land, and as the agency for peacefully transferring..these lands to European owners.
1953 N.Z. Statutes No. 94. 1143 [Maori Affairs Act] The Maori customary title shall be deemed to have been lawfully extinguished in respect of all land which..was continuously in the possession of the Crown.
1994 Sunday Star (Auckland) 23 Jan. a 9 That seemed..to pose a more widespread threat to any land, now privately owned, which had been under Maori title.
Maori weed n. New Zealand colloquial (offensive) a wild or unbroken horse; = brumby n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > [noun] > equus ferus (wild horse)
Przewalski's horse1881
Maori weed1904
Przewalski1973
1904 N.Z. Observer 6 Feb. 7 They say..that a lot of ‘Maori weeds’ and other horseflesh are wide-eyed with surprise at the extra feeds they are getting.
1920 Kai Tiaki 13 176 The horse looked very sad, and I had my doubts about it reaching the settlement, but one can never tell what these Maori ‘weeds’ are capable of.
1963 Dominion (Wellington) 31 Aug. 7 Undoubtedly there was good blood among these horses..though the great majority would come into the somewhat elastic classification of ‘Maori weed’. In actual fact, there was no reproach in the term. Born and reared on the inhospitable plains, a horse developed a stamina that no finely-bred animal possessed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1828
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