malignadj.n.

Brit.

/məˈlʌɪn/, U.S.

/məˈlaɪn/

Forms: Middle English malyng, Middle English malynge, Middle English 1600s– malign, Middle English–1500s malygne, Middle English–1600s maligne; Scottish pre-1700 maling, 1700s– malign.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maligne.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maligne, Old French, Middle French maligne (12th cent. as adjective and noun; late 15th cent. in sense A. 2, 17th cent. in sense A. 4; from mid 15th cent. in form malin ) < classical Latin malignus evil-disposed < malus evil (see mal- prefix) + -gnus < base of gignere to beget, produce, devise (see genital adj.). Compare benign adj.

A. adj.

1. Of a thing: evil in nature and effects; baleful, gravely injurious. Of sin: †heinous (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > extremely

outrageousa1325

malignc1350

shrewda1387

malignant1568

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very

balefulOE

wanlichc1275

grievous1340

malignc1350

maliciousa1398

venom1538

virulent1563

malignant1564

blasting1591

fatal1681

blighting1796

terminal1952

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 70 (MED) Treuþe hys þat þer no gile be Þourwe spousebreche maligne.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 15 So feawe stondeþ styf To fytte aȝenis senne Maligne.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 83 All thing maling we dovne thring Be sicht of his signakle.

1594 H. Plat Jewell House 18 We shall finde the hop farre to exceede the wormwood in his maligne qualitie.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 620 It [sc. War] is of so ruinous and maligne a Nature; that together with all things els, she ruineth her selfe.

1693 T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 116 Meconium is the courser and weaker [Gum], yet the more malign.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 434 A dark malign Shade always obscuring and eclipsing them.

1727 W. Harte Ps. cvii. 13, in Poems 236 The broad expanse of heav'n Their canopy, the ground of damp malign Their bed nocturnal.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Catawba Wine in Courtship Miles Standish 189 A poison malign Is such Borgia wine.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 101 Tomb'd in Troy the malign, in Troy the unholy reposing.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cxv. 663 A struggle between two forces, the one beneficent, the other malign.

1933 Punch 6 Dec. 641/3 In the sphere of things political An atmosphere malign, mephitical, infects the universe.

1988 Grimsby Evening Tel. 28 Jan. 20 The malign influence of national TV continues to convince the viewer that he is receiving ‘the best’ by concentrating..on events in the large conurbations.

2. Of a disease, etc.: = malignant adj. 3a. disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe

grimc900

strongeOE

grievousc1290

burning1393

acutea1398

maliciousa1398

peracutea1398

sorea1400

wicked14..

malign?a1425

vehement?a1425

malignousc1475

angrya1500

cacoethe?1541

eager?1543

virulent1563

malignant1568

raging1590

roaring1590

furious1597

grassant1601

hearty1601

sharp1607

main1627

generous1632

perperacute1647

serious1655

ferine1666

bad1705

severe1725

unfavourable1782

grave1888

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 51^v And he calleþ wicked or maligne [L. maligna] vlcerez..woundez þat ar made after þe heuedez or endez of þe musculez, & most of neruez.

?1541 R. Copland tr. Galen Terapeutyke sig. Dij^v Suche an vlcere. I call it entyerly malygne & cacoethes.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 12 This vnguent is good against old & maligne vlcers.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII (1876) (modernized text) 12 A malign vapour flew to the heart, and seized the vital spirits.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 415 It quencheth thirst, and abates the heat of Malign Feavers.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 813 In cases of so-called ‘precocious malign’ syphilis.

1947 Acta Oto-laryngologica Suppl. No. 65. 13 The case of malign tumours in the accessory sinuses and the ethmoidal regions.

3. Of a person, disposition, etc.: characterized by ill will; desiring or rejoicing in the suffering of others; malevolent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adjective]

hateleOE

swartOE

ill-willinga1300

illc1330

ill-willeda1340

evil-willya1382

hatefula1400

malignc1429

malicea1500

maltalentivea1500

ill-willy15..

malevolent1509

malevolous1531

ill asposit1535

ill-givena1568

stomaching1579

malignant1592

gall-ful1596

gall-wet1597

ill-affecteda1599

unpleasant1603

evil-affected1611

gallsome1633

ill-meaning1633

ill-natured1645

unbenign1651

sullen1676

unbenevolent1694

reptilian1855

unbenignant1856

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adjective]

hateleOE

balefulOE

swartOE

hatelyOE

ill-willinga1300

illc1330

ill-willeda1340

evil-willya1382

hatefula1400

malignc1429

malicea1500

maltalentivea1500

malevolent1509

malevolous1531

fiendisha1535

ill asposit1535

ill-givena1568

malignant1592

ill-affecteda1599

unpleasant1603

manless?1609

evil-affected1611

ill-willy1611

ill-meaning1633

ill-natured1645

swarthy1651

unbenign1651

reptile1653

sullen1676

maligning1687

unbenevolent1694

reptilian1855

unbenignant1856

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1616 Synnere vile & maligne.

a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 484 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 405 (MED) This eek his wil that thow, nat maligne To disobeie his lustis in no thyng, Into his hand thy kyngdam to resigne.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses Ep. Ded. sig. ¶iii^v Whose gentle fauour..shall counterpoyse..the maligne stomacks, and stearn countenances of the other.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 503 Aside the Devil turnd For envie, yet with jealous leer maligne Ey'd them askance.

1674 Govt. Tongue vi. §10 Some tempers are so malign, that they wish ill to all, and believe ill of all.

1747 J. Wesley Char. Methodist 9 The Love of God has purified his heart..from every unkind Temper or malign Affection.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xx. 344 Guiltless of heart piercing scoffs Malign.

1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story I. xxvi. 190 Or whether he was actuated by a malign and impish desire to upset the established laws of decorum.

1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes ix. 116 All day Tarzan followed Kulonga, hovering above him in the trees like some malign spirit.

1962 O. Manning Spoilt City xiv. 157 Von Flügel..stood over him with the malign stare of an old crocodile.

1985 G. Greene Tenth Man vii. 16/2 in Mail on Sunday 3 Mar. It was as if..some outwardly friendly but inwardly malign witch had granted him the boon of an inexhaustible purse, but a purse from which he could never draw more than three hundred francs.

†4.

a. Astrology. Exercising a baleful influence or effect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > malign

maliciousa1398

maligna1475

malevolent1593

maleficial1601

malefical1603

malignanta1616

feral1647

malefic1652

malevolous1652

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20245 Yt semeth as thow haddest ben Hih in the hevene..And axyd ther, off euery sterre, Ther coursys..And..Wych ar good, wych ar malygne Whan they shal entren any signe.

?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 127 The influence maling of starris coniurid.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §353 Saturn which is a planet Maligne.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 85 Whether the Planets have..those prime elementary qualities..in such different measures..as to make some of them benign, others of them malign in their influences [etc.].

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 313 Two Planets rushing from aspect maligne Of fiercest opposition.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. v Thee the Moon's malignest Ray Shall never blast by Night.

b. In extended use. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Aa3^v This dedicating of Foundations and Dotations to professory Learning, hath..had a Maligne aspect, and influence vpon the growth of Scyences.

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xvi. 147 The Genius of Disaster, with aspect malign, waved her sable wand.

B. n.

A malign person. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [noun] > person or thing displaying

devilOE

hatelc1175

fiendc1220

hellhoundc1340

foea1393

atterlingc1450

basilisk1477

ill-willerc1500

attercop1508

malign1536

ettercapa1583

demon1591

viper1596

dragon1600

ill-wisher1607

malevolent1609

malevolo1648

1536 Prymer Eng. & Lat. (STC 15993) f. 117 The maligne shall nat dwell nere the.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

malignv.

Brit.

/məˈlʌɪn/, U.S.

/məˈlaɪn/

Forms: late Middle English malinge, late Middle English malingne, late Middle English malyngne, late Middle English–1500s malygne, late Middle English–1600s maligne, 1500s malinge, 1500s– malign, 1600s maling; Scottish pre-1700 maligne, pre-1700 malignn, pre-1700 maling, pre-1700 mallign, pre-1700 malligne, pre-1700 malyng, 1800s– malign.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maligner.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maligner, Old French maligner to plot, deceive, act wrongly (early 12th cent.) < post-classical Latin malignare (Vulgate; also malignari ) to act evilly, scheme evilly, maltreat < classical Latin malignus malign adj.

†1.

a. intransitive. To act wickedly or sinfully, to do wrong. Also with against. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do evil or wrong [verb (intransitive)]

misdoOE

lithera1300

malignc1425

to do (also play the) naught1594

to hold a candle to the devil1598

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1766 (MED) Ay þe more he was to hem benigne, Þe more vngoodly ageyn hym þei malygne.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 68 (MED) Now as a lamb tretable & benigne, Now lik a wolff of nature to maligne.

a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 639, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 210 Now throu syn sa blyndit Is resoun The mair' of mercy þe ferrar' we malyng.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 56 Thocht paip or king wald sa maling To mak the word of God forlorne.

c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 224 §97 Quho curssis him sall cursitlie maling.

a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) ix. xvi. f. 329^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Maling Nochttheles he malignit and gaif him to hunting, quhen vtheris to deuocioun went.

b. transitive. To injure, wrong. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > rightness or justice > wrong or injustice > act unjustly to [verb (transitive)]

to do (…) wrongc1220

wrongc1330

malign1432

injuryc1484

injure1597

to fuck over1961

to screw over1968

dork1969

to dick over1991

1432–43 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxiv John Harry..of hys malys & evele wylle ymagenyng by sotill craftys of enchauntement..malygnyd your said suppliant.

1605 J. Marston Dutch Courtezan iii. sig. E2 I doe malign my creation that I am subiect to passion.

†a. intransitive. To speak ill, inveigh; to utter slander or abuse. Also with against. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > utter slander or calumny [verb (intransitive)]

missay?c1225

wrayc1330

malignc1425

slanderc1426

libel1570

deprave1600

calumniate1609

libellizec1620

sycophantize1636

disreport1655

scandalize1745

to sling (also fling, throw) mud1768

calumny1895

foul-mouth1960

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2643 (MED) Agayn my sort me list not maligne, But septer & crowne frely I resigne.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20391 And who that euere ageyn malygnes, They be but markys [etc.].

a1500 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 617 (MED) This ffigure makith clere demonstracioun, Ageins which noman may maligne.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii Luther & his adherentes, that moost of all maligneth agaynst this present article.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iv. 24 Par chance sum inuyful detrakkers vil maling contrar me, sayand that [etc.].

1580 P. Hume Promine L'envoy 15 Gif, for all this, thay ceis not to maling [etc.].

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 71 He malings, and vowes ther sould be graitter cause maid or anie forgiffnes cravit.

b. transitive. To speak ill or wrongly of, to traduce, slander.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)]

to say or speak shame of, on, byc950

teleeOE

sayOE

to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000

belie?c1225

betell?c1225

missayc1225

skandera1300

disclanderc1300

wrenchc1300

bewrayc1330

bite1330

gothele1340

slanderc1340

deprave1362

hinderc1375

backbite1382

blasphemec1386

afamec1390

fame1393

to blow up?a1400

defamea1400

noise1425

to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445

malignc1450

to speak villainy of1470

infame1483

injury1484

painta1522

malicea1526

denigrate1526

disfamea1533

misreporta1535

sugill?1539

dishonest?c1550

calumniate1554

scandalize1566

ill1577

blaze1579

traduce1581

misspeak1582

blot1583

abuse1592

wronga1596

infamonize1598

vilify1598

injure?a1600

forspeak1601

libel1602

infamize1605

belibel1606

calumnize1606

besquirt1611

colly1615

scandala1616

bedirt1622

soil1641

disfigurea1643

sycophant1642

spatter1645

sugillate1647

bespattera1652

bedung1655

asperse1656

mischieve1656

opprobriatea1657

reflect1661

dehonestate1663

carbonify1792

defamate1810

mouth1810

foul-mouth1822

lynch1836

rot1890

calumny1895

ding1903

bad-talk1938

norate1938

bad-mouth1941

monster1967

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iii. 985 (MED) For it were veyne, nature to malingne..Ayeyne hir lorde.

1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xi. 17 Bot eftirwart and ȝe maling thame, Tressoun.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse xv. f. 83 I know some..that read a booke onely to snarle at, like curious curres, and maligne the authour.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 70 He was allways maligned, and persecuted by those, who were of the Calvinian Faction.

1718 Entertainer No. 30. 205 He is represented as a Tyrant and his Ministers malign'd of Persecution.

a1758 J. Edwards Hist. Redempt. (1782) iii. ii. 239 No other religion ever was so maligned age after age.

1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xii. 206 The party who had first disturbed the tranquillity of science by maligning its most distinguished ornament.

1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 238 I don't want to malign a man who has treated me with exceptional kindness and cordiality.

1954 G. Greene End of Affair (1971) ii. vii. 84 The gross livid spots which covered his left cheek were almost like marks of distinction—I had maligned him, he could have no satisfaction in looking at himself in any glass.

1988 P. Toynbee End of Journey 355 To accept every experience as God-given is one of the most terrible ways of maligning God.

†3. intransitive. To feel malice or ill will. Also with against, at. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > feeling of spite > [verb (intransitive)]

malign?a1439

spitec1560

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > bear malice [verb (intransitive)]

spitc1386

malign?a1439

to bear malice1530

spitec1560

malice1587

to wish one at vinegar1774

bitch1915

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 2848 (MED) He..Gan disdeyne to paien his truage And to maligne, in herte he was so wroth.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxiv. f. lxi Euer after they malygned agayne Theodobert.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 632/1 I malygne agaynst one, I beare hym malyce.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 865/1 I nothing maligne for that you haue doone to me.

1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. xvii. 142 Maligning much at this her Daughters Honour.

†4. intransitive. To plot; to contrive. With against. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)]

subtlec1300

conspire1393

compass1430

malign?a1439

contrivec1440

machine?c1450

forthink1494

pretenda1500

practise1537

pack1568

brigue1580

machinate1602

manage1603

plot1607

tamper1607

faction1609

collogue1646

intriguea1714

to lay a scheme1826

scheme1842

angle1892

wheel and deal1961

?a1439 J. Lydgate tr. Fall of Princes (1494) ix. i. sig. E5^v Whan any kingdom fyll in rebellyon Or gan malygne ageyn rome toun.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cii. f. xli^v Thyse .ii. Bretherne newely maligned agayn theyr neuewe Theodobert..and entendyd by theyr malyce to byreue hym of the Lordshyp of Austracy.

1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell 21 Jan. (1902) II. 168 The said bishop..contynually studyeth and maligneth, howe he might annoye or greve hym.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 85 They..still mallignit aganis the quene.

†5. transitive. To regard with hatred or bitter dislike. Also: to resent, take amiss. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)]

hateeOE

i-veec975

nitheOE

inhatea1529

maligna1535

misbelove1545

stand1869

(I, etc.) wouldn't be seen (or found) dead in, with1924

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 37/1 The Queene and the Lordes of her bloode whiche highlye maligned the kynges kinred.

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 411 b S. Stephen..did so litle malign his enemies, that he did not only frely forgeue them, but he also prayed vnto God for them.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E2 What cause had they Horatio to maligne?

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Maligne, to hate, with purpose to hurt.

1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xlvii. 92/1 The people of Dublin sent for him, and made him their King. Which Mure-card King of Ireland maligning, raised war.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. i. §4 Can we think that a Nation and religion so maligned as the Jewish were, could have escaped discovery, if [etc.].

1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 38 An ungrounded, odious, detestable Interest, so heartily, and so justly maligned.

†6.

a. transitive. To regard with envy; to grudge, begrudge. Obsolete.Very frequent during the 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > be jealous or envious of [verb (transitive)] > envy

envyc1386

invy1483

grudgea1577

malign1589

1589 P. Jones in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 227 The King of Spaine,..maligning the quiet traffike which they vsed to and in the dominions..vnder the obedience of the Great Turke, had [etc.].

1590 ‘C. Curry-Knave’ Almond for Parrat 3 Didst thou so muche malign the successeful thriuings of the Gospell, that thou shouldst filche thyselfe..into our gouernement?

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. ii. 75 And rendring thanks to heauen as we goe, For brideling those that dyd maligne our glory, Lets to the Capitoll.

1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xlv. 18 Strangers conspired together against him, and maligned [Gk. ἐζηλωσαν] him in the wildernesse.

a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iii. sig. F2 No, no; the envious gods Maligne our happinesse.

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 22 This odious fool..maligning that any thing should bee spoke or understood, above his own genuine basenes.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lvi. 220 They reap no benefit by their maligning the prosperity of others.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) To Malign, to envy; as To malign one's Happiness.

b. transitive. figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. ii. sig. D But now no more, bright day malings our loue.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. i. 188 The scarcitie of wood and water, with the barrennesse of the Soyle..shew how it is maligned of the Elements.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 87 Those Grounds, whose Surface bears no Fruit-Trees, (too much malign'd by the Arsenical and resembling fumes).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	malign
释义	malignadj.n. Brit. /məˈlʌɪn/, U.S. /məˈlaɪn/ Forms: Middle English malyng, Middle English malynge, Middle English 1600s– malign, Middle English–1500s malygne, Middle English–1600s maligne; Scottish pre-1700 maling, 1700s– malign. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maligne. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maligne, Old French, Middle French maligne (12th cent. as adjective and noun; late 15th cent. in sense A. 2, 17th cent. in sense A. 4; from mid 15th cent. in form malin ) < classical Latin malignus evil-disposed < malus evil (see mal- prefix) + -gnus < base of gignere to beget, produce, devise (see genital adj.). Compare benign adj. A. adj. 1. Of a thing: evil in nature and effects; baleful, gravely injurious. Of sin: †heinous (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective] > extremely outrageousa1325 malignc1350 shrewda1387 malignant1568 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > very balefulOE wanlichc1275 grievous1340 malignc1350 maliciousa1398 venom1538 virulent1563 malignant1564 blasting1591 fatal1681 blighting1796 terminal1952 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 70 (MED) Treuþe hys þat þer no gile be Þourwe spousebreche maligne. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 15 So feawe stondeþ styf To fytte aȝenis senne Maligne. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 83 All thing maling we dovne thring Be sicht of his signakle. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 18 We shall finde the hop farre to exceede the wormwood in his maligne qualitie. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 620 It [sc. War] is of so ruinous and maligne a Nature; that together with all things els, she ruineth her selfe. 1693 T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 116 Meconium is the courser and weaker [Gum], yet the more malign. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 434 A dark malign Shade always obscuring and eclipsing them. 1727 W. Harte Ps. cvii. 13, in Poems 236 The broad expanse of heav'n Their canopy, the ground of damp malign Their bed nocturnal. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Catawba Wine in Courtship Miles Standish 189 A poison malign Is such Borgia wine. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 101 Tomb'd in Troy the malign, in Troy the unholy reposing. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cxv. 663 A struggle between two forces, the one beneficent, the other malign. 1933 Punch 6 Dec. 641/3 In the sphere of things political An atmosphere malign, mephitical, infects the universe. 1988 Grimsby Evening Tel. 28 Jan. 20 The malign influence of national TV continues to convince the viewer that he is receiving ‘the best’ by concentrating..on events in the large conurbations. 2. Of a disease, etc.: = malignant adj. 3a. disused. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > violent or severe grimc900 strongeOE grievousc1290 burning1393 acutea1398 maliciousa1398 peracutea1398 sorea1400 wicked14.. malign?a1425 vehement?a1425 malignousc1475 angrya1500 cacoethe?1541 eager?1543 virulent1563 malignant1568 raging1590 roaring1590 furious1597 grassant1601 hearty1601 sharp1607 main1627 generous1632 perperacute1647 serious1655 ferine1666 bad1705 severe1725 unfavourable1782 grave1888 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 51^v And he calleþ wicked or maligne [L. maligna] vlcerez..woundez þat ar made after þe heuedez or endez of þe musculez, & most of neruez. ?1541 R. Copland tr. Galen Terapeutyke sig. Dij^v Suche an vlcere. I call it entyerly malygne & cacoethes. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 12 This vnguent is good against old & maligne vlcers. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII (1876) (modernized text) 12 A malign vapour flew to the heart, and seized the vital spirits. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 415 It quencheth thirst, and abates the heat of Malign Feavers. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 813 In cases of so-called ‘precocious malign’ syphilis. 1947 Acta Oto-laryngologica Suppl. No. 65. 13 The case of malign tumours in the accessory sinuses and the ethmoidal regions. 3. Of a person, disposition, etc.: characterized by ill will; desiring or rejoicing in the suffering of others; malevolent. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [adjective] hateleOE swartOE ill-willinga1300 illc1330 ill-willeda1340 evil-willya1382 hatefula1400 malignc1429 malicea1500 maltalentivea1500 ill-willy15.. malevolent1509 malevolous1531 ill asposit1535 ill-givena1568 stomaching1579 malignant1592 gall-ful1596 gall-wet1597 ill-affecteda1599 unpleasant1603 evil-affected1611 gallsome1633 ill-meaning1633 ill-natured1645 unbenign1651 sullen1676 unbenevolent1694 reptilian1855 unbenignant1856 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [adjective] hateleOE balefulOE swartOE hatelyOE ill-willinga1300 illc1330 ill-willeda1340 evil-willya1382 hatefula1400 malignc1429 malicea1500 maltalentivea1500 malevolent1509 malevolous1531 fiendisha1535 ill asposit1535 ill-givena1568 malignant1592 ill-affecteda1599 unpleasant1603 manless?1609 evil-affected1611 ill-willy1611 ill-meaning1633 ill-natured1645 swarthy1651 unbenign1651 reptile1653 sullen1676 maligning1687 unbenevolent1694 reptilian1855 unbenignant1856 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1616 Synnere vile & maligne. a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 484 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 405 (MED) This eek his wil that thow, nat maligne To disobeie his lustis in no thyng, Into his hand thy kyngdam to resigne. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses Ep. Ded. sig. ¶iii^v Whose gentle fauour..shall counterpoyse..the maligne stomacks, and stearn countenances of the other. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 503 Aside the Devil turnd For envie, yet with jealous leer maligne Ey'd them askance. View more context for this quotation 1674 Govt. Tongue vi. §10 Some tempers are so malign, that they wish ill to all, and believe ill of all. 1747 J. Wesley Char. Methodist 9 The Love of God has purified his heart..from every unkind Temper or malign Affection. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xx. 344 Guiltless of heart piercing scoffs Malign. 1862 E. Bulwer-Lytton Strange Story I. xxvi. 190 Or whether he was actuated by a malign and impish desire to upset the established laws of decorum. 1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes ix. 116 All day Tarzan followed Kulonga, hovering above him in the trees like some malign spirit. 1962 O. Manning Spoilt City xiv. 157 Von Flügel..stood over him with the malign stare of an old crocodile. 1985 G. Greene Tenth Man vii. 16/2 in Mail on Sunday 3 Mar. It was as if..some outwardly friendly but inwardly malign witch had granted him the boon of an inexhaustible purse, but a purse from which he could never draw more than three hundred francs. †4. a. Astrology. Exercising a baleful influence or effect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > malign maliciousa1398 maligna1475 malevolent1593 maleficial1601 malefical1603 malignanta1616 feral1647 malefic1652 malevolous1652 a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20245 Yt semeth as thow haddest ben Hih in the hevene..And axyd ther, off euery sterre, Ther coursys..And..Wych ar good, wych ar malygne Whan they shal entren any signe. ?a1591 King James VI & I Poems (1955) I. 127 The influence maling of starris coniurid. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §353 Saturn which is a planet Maligne. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 85 Whether the Planets have..those prime elementary qualities..in such different measures..as to make some of them benign, others of them malign in their influences [etc.]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 313 Two Planets rushing from aspect maligne Of fiercest opposition. View more context for this quotation 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxi. v Thee the Moon's malignest Ray Shall never blast by Night. b. In extended use. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Aa3^v This dedicating of Foundations and Dotations to professory Learning, hath..had a Maligne aspect, and influence vpon the growth of Scyences. View more context for this quotation 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xvi. 147 The Genius of Disaster, with aspect malign, waved her sable wand. B. n. A malign person. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [noun] > person or thing displaying devilOE hatelc1175 fiendc1220 hellhoundc1340 foea1393 atterlingc1450 basilisk1477 ill-willerc1500 attercop1508 malign1536 ettercapa1583 demon1591 viper1596 dragon1600 ill-wisher1607 malevolent1609 malevolo1648 1536 Prymer Eng. & Lat. (STC 15993) f. 117 The maligne shall nat dwell nere the. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). malignv. Brit. /məˈlʌɪn/, U.S. /məˈlaɪn/ Forms: late Middle English malinge, late Middle English malingne, late Middle English malyngne, late Middle English–1500s malygne, late Middle English–1600s maligne, 1500s malinge, 1500s– malign, 1600s maling; Scottish pre-1700 maligne, pre-1700 malignn, pre-1700 maling, pre-1700 mallign, pre-1700 malligne, pre-1700 malyng, 1800s– malign. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maligner. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maligner, Old French maligner to plot, deceive, act wrongly (early 12th cent.) < post-classical Latin malignare (Vulgate; also malignari ) to act evilly, scheme evilly, maltreat < classical Latin malignus malign adj. †1. a. intransitive. To act wickedly or sinfully, to do wrong. Also with against. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do evil or wrong [verb (intransitive)] misdoOE lithera1300 malignc1425 to do (also play the) naught1594 to hold a candle to the devil1598 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1766 (MED) Ay þe more he was to hem benigne, Þe more vngoodly ageyn hym þei malygne. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 68 (MED) Now as a lamb tretable & benigne, Now lik a wolff of nature to maligne. a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 639, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 210 Now throu syn sa blyndit Is resoun The mair' of mercy þe ferrar' we malyng. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 56 Thocht paip or king wald sa maling To mak the word of God forlorne. c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 224 §97 Quho curssis him sall cursitlie maling. a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) ix. xvi. f. 329^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Maling Nochttheles he malignit and gaif him to hunting, quhen vtheris to deuocioun went. b. transitive. To injure, wrong. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > rightness or justice > wrong or injustice > act unjustly to [verb (transitive)] to do (…) wrongc1220 wrongc1330 malign1432 injuryc1484 injure1597 to fuck over1961 to screw over1968 dork1969 to dick over1991 1432–43 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. xxiv John Harry..of hys malys & evele wylle ymagenyng by sotill craftys of enchauntement..malygnyd your said suppliant. 1605 J. Marston Dutch Courtezan iii. sig. E2 I doe malign my creation that I am subiect to passion. 2. †a. intransitive. To speak ill, inveigh; to utter slander or abuse. Also with against. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > utter slander or calumny [verb (intransitive)] missay?c1225 wrayc1330 malignc1425 slanderc1426 libel1570 deprave1600 calumniate1609 libellizec1620 sycophantize1636 disreport1655 scandalize1745 to sling (also fling, throw) mud1768 calumny1895 foul-mouth1960 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2643 (MED) Agayn my sort me list not maligne, But septer & crowne frely I resigne. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 20391 And who that euere ageyn malygnes, They be but markys [etc.]. a1500 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 617 (MED) This ffigure makith clere demonstracioun, Ageins which noman may maligne. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii Luther & his adherentes, that moost of all maligneth agaynst this present article. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) iv. 24 Par chance sum inuyful detrakkers vil maling contrar me, sayand that [etc.]. 1580 P. Hume Promine L'envoy 15 Gif, for all this, thay ceis not to maling [etc.]. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 71 He malings, and vowes ther sould be graitter cause maid or anie forgiffnes cravit. b. transitive. To speak ill or wrongly of, to traduce, slander. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)] to say or speak shame of, on, byc950 teleeOE sayOE to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000 belie?c1225 betell?c1225 missayc1225 skandera1300 disclanderc1300 wrenchc1300 bewrayc1330 bite1330 gothele1340 slanderc1340 deprave1362 hinderc1375 backbite1382 blasphemec1386 afamec1390 fame1393 to blow up?a1400 defamea1400 noise1425 to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445 malignc1450 to speak villainy of1470 infame1483 injury1484 painta1522 malicea1526 denigrate1526 disfamea1533 misreporta1535 sugill?1539 dishonest?c1550 calumniate1554 scandalize1566 ill1577 blaze1579 traduce1581 misspeak1582 blot1583 abuse1592 wronga1596 infamonize1598 vilify1598 injure?a1600 forspeak1601 libel1602 infamize1605 belibel1606 calumnize1606 besquirt1611 colly1615 scandala1616 bedirt1622 soil1641 disfigurea1643 sycophant1642 spatter1645 sugillate1647 bespattera1652 bedung1655 asperse1656 mischieve1656 opprobriatea1657 reflect1661 dehonestate1663 carbonify1792 defamate1810 mouth1810 foul-mouth1822 lynch1836 rot1890 calumny1895 ding1903 bad-talk1938 norate1938 bad-mouth1941 monster1967 c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iii. 985 (MED) For it were veyne, nature to malingne..Ayeyne hir lorde. 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xi. 17 Bot eftirwart and ȝe maling thame, Tressoun. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse xv. f. 83 I know some..that read a booke onely to snarle at, like curious curres, and maligne the authour. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 70 He was allways maligned, and persecuted by those, who were of the Calvinian Faction. 1718 Entertainer No. 30. 205 He is represented as a Tyrant and his Ministers malign'd of Persecution. a1758 J. Edwards Hist. Redempt. (1782) iii. ii. 239 No other religion ever was so maligned age after age. 1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xii. 206 The party who had first disturbed the tranquillity of science by maligning its most distinguished ornament. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 238 I don't want to malign a man who has treated me with exceptional kindness and cordiality. 1954 G. Greene End of Affair (1971) ii. vii. 84 The gross livid spots which covered his left cheek were almost like marks of distinction—I had maligned him, he could have no satisfaction in looking at himself in any glass. 1988 P. Toynbee End of Journey 355 To accept every experience as God-given is one of the most terrible ways of maligning God. †3. intransitive. To feel malice or ill will. Also with against, at. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > feeling of spite > [verb (intransitive)] malign?a1439 spitec1560 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > bear malice [verb (intransitive)] spitc1386 malign?a1439 to bear malice1530 spitec1560 malice1587 to wish one at vinegar1774 bitch1915 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 2848 (MED) He..Gan disdeyne to paien his truage And to maligne, in herte he was so wroth. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxiv. f. lxi Euer after they malygned agayne Theodobert. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 632/1 I malygne agaynst one, I beare hym malyce. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 865/1 I nothing maligne for that you haue doone to me. 1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. xvii. 142 Maligning much at this her Daughters Honour. †4. intransitive. To plot; to contrive. With against. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot [verb (intransitive)] subtlec1300 conspire1393 compass1430 malign?a1439 contrivec1440 machine?c1450 forthink1494 pretenda1500 practise1537 pack1568 brigue1580 machinate1602 manage1603 plot1607 tamper1607 faction1609 collogue1646 intriguea1714 to lay a scheme1826 scheme1842 angle1892 wheel and deal1961 ?a1439 J. Lydgate tr. Fall of Princes (1494) ix. i. sig. E5^v Whan any kingdom fyll in rebellyon Or gan malygne ageyn rome toun. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cii. f. xli^v Thyse .ii. Bretherne newely maligned agayn theyr neuewe Theodobert..and entendyd by theyr malyce to byreue hym of the Lordshyp of Austracy. 1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell 21 Jan. (1902) II. 168 The said bishop..contynually studyeth and maligneth, howe he might annoye or greve hym. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 85 They..still mallignit aganis the quene. †5. transitive. To regard with hatred or bitter dislike. Also: to resent, take amiss. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)] hateeOE i-veec975 nitheOE inhatea1529 maligna1535 misbelove1545 stand1869 (I, etc.) wouldn't be seen (or found) dead in, with1924 a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 37/1 The Queene and the Lordes of her bloode whiche highlye maligned the kynges kinred. 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Wks. 411 b S. Stephen..did so litle malign his enemies, that he did not only frely forgeue them, but he also prayed vnto God for them. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E2 What cause had they Horatio to maligne? 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Maligne, to hate, with purpose to hurt. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xlvii. 92/1 The people of Dublin sent for him, and made him their King. Which Mure-card King of Ireland maligning, raised war. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. i. §4 Can we think that a Nation and religion so maligned as the Jewish were, could have escaped discovery, if [etc.]. 1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 38 An ungrounded, odious, detestable Interest, so heartily, and so justly maligned. †6. a. transitive. To regard with envy; to grudge, begrudge. Obsolete.Very frequent during the 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > be jealous or envious of [verb (transitive)] > envy envyc1386 invy1483 grudgea1577 malign1589 1589 P. Jones in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 227 The King of Spaine,..maligning the quiet traffike which they vsed to and in the dominions..vnder the obedience of the Great Turke, had [etc.]. 1590 ‘C. Curry-Knave’ Almond for Parrat 3 Didst thou so muche malign the successeful thriuings of the Gospell, that thou shouldst filche thyselfe..into our gouernement? 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. ii. 75 And rendring thanks to heauen as we goe, For brideling those that dyd maligne our glory, Lets to the Capitoll. 1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xlv. 18 Strangers conspired together against him, and maligned [Gk. ἐζηλωσαν] him in the wildernesse. View more context for this quotation a1627 H. Shirley Martyr'd Souldier (1638) iii. sig. F2 No, no; the envious gods Maligne our happinesse. 1645 J. Milton Colasterion 22 This odious fool..maligning that any thing should bee spoke or understood, above his own genuine basenes. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lvi. 220 They reap no benefit by their maligning the prosperity of others. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) To Malign, to envy; as To malign one's Happiness. b. transitive. figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. ii. sig. D But now no more, bright day malings our loue. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. i. 188 The scarcitie of wood and water, with the barrennesse of the Soyle..shew how it is maligned of the Elements. 1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 87 Those Grounds, whose Surface bears no Fruit-Trees, (too much malign'd by the Arsenical and resembling fumes). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1350v.c1425
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