manikinn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmanᵻkɪn/, U.S.

/ˈmænəkən/

Forms: 1500s manikyng, 1500s manneken, 1500s mannyken, 1500s– mannikin, 1600s– manakin, 1600s– manikin, 1700s manekin, 1800s mannakin; Scottish pre-1700 manikyn, pre-1700 mannikin. Also (chiefly in senses A. 1b and A. 1c) 1700s manequine, 1800s manequin, 1800s– mannequin.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch mannekijn.

Etymology: < Middle Dutch and Dutch mannekijn, manneken little man, little doll (in Middle Dutch texts; very rare after the 17th cent., being replaced by mannetje , except in Manneken-pis , Manneke-pis , the name of a statue of a small boy (of 1619) in Brussels) < man man n.¹ + kijn , -ken -kin suffix. Compare mankin n.², manakin n.¹, mannikin n.Forms in -quin , -quine are probably after Middle French, French mannequin (c1450 in sense A. 1a, a1475 in sense A. 2, 1671 in sense A. 1b; < Middle Dutch mannekijn ), which probably also influenced the development of sense: see also mannequin n. These forms are frequent in sense A. 1b, and from the late 20th cent. mannequin has also become equally as frequent as manikin in sense A. 1c (in both cases probably by association with mannequin n. 2).

A. n.

a. A small representation or statue of a human figure.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > three-dimensional representation > [noun] > model of a human

woman1509

manikin1535

malkinc1565

man1600

kirn-baby1777

maid1794

knack1813

snowman1827

moggie1896

1535–6 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 191 For the xxi manikynnis with xxii thanis upone the hedis of the ii roundis [at Holyrood].

1554–5 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 38 For the payntting of the mannikin and the beirrar of the townis armes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 484 Prettie images or mannikins resembling cookes, which he termed Magiriscia.

1629 in Archaeologia (1884) 48 212 One gilt shipp and cover with a manikin on the topp.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick iii. 25 At first I almost thought that this black manikin was a real baby preserved... But..I concluded that it must be nothing but a wooden idol, which indeed it proved to be.

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xvi. 190 A..quarter-jack being driven by the..clock machinery... The egress of the jack, the blows on the bell, and the mannikin's retreat..were visible to many.

1964 V. Nabokov Defence v. 77 An onlooker knowing nothing about simultaneous chess would be utterly baffled at the sight of these elderly men..sitting..behind boards that bristle thickly with curiously cut manikins.

1972 E. H. Gombrich Story of Art (ed. 12) viii. 124 All the figures in the story are strange little manikins which are not drawn with the assurance of the Assyrian and Roman chroniclers.

1993 Art Newspaper (BNC) Feb. 21 A similar taste undoubtedly drove the price of Carmontelle's black and red chalk mannikin of ‘Mademoiselle Grimperel with a Viola’..to a phone-bidder for an absurdly high $55,000.

b. Art. = lay figure n. a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > model > jointed wooden model

manikin1570

lay-man1688

mademoiselle1712

lay figure1795

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ciij^v Thus, of a Manneken (as the Dutch Painters terme it) in the same Symmetrie, may a Giant be made.

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Manequin (with Painters; &c.), a little statue or model usually made of wax or wood, the junctures whereof are so contrived, that it may be put into any attitude at pleasure.

1782 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 3) V. 38 The use of the manekin or layman for disposing draperies.

1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §69. 38 These wooden figures..had decidedly more resemblance to puppets (manequins) than to works of cultivated plastic art.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Manequin, an artist's model of wood or wax.

1900 Dr. Dillon in Good Words July 451/2 ‘He [sc. the Tsar] is as wiry as a mannequin,’ said an officer to me.

1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities Pref. p. viii The first piece I removed was a small wooden manikin, which I've since learned to call a lay figure.

c. A model of the human body designed for demonstrating anatomical structure, or for teaching any of various surgical or medical procedures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > study of body > [noun] > human anatomy > instruments used in

anatomy1727

manikin1831

1831 E. Baldwin Ann. Yale Coll. 263 The dry preparations, and particularly an apparatus called a manikin, are used for the demonstrations. This manikin is a very perfect and ingenious piece of mechanism, constructed in Paris, representing a male figure of the full size.

1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 523 Obstetric Manikin including a natural female pelvis, with leather foetus and placenta.

1912 P. P. Cole (title) The sexual organs and the pregnant state..with illustrations in the text and an anatomical model of the female human body in movable manikin form.

1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Mar. 626/2 Practical skills were tested with a standard training manikin (Laerdal) equipped with a visual display indicating the force and site of compression and the adequacy of ventilation.

2. A little man (frequently depreciative); a dwarf, a pygmy. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person

dwarfeOE

congeonc1230

go-by-ground?a1300

smalla1300

shrimpc1386

griga1400

gruba1400

murche1440

nirvil1440

mitinga1450

witherling1528

wretchocka1529

elf1530

hop-o'-my-thumb1530

pygmy1533

little person1538

manikin1540

mankin1552

dandiprat1556

yrle1568

grundy1570

Jack Sprat1570

squall1570

manling1573

Tom Thumb1579

pinka1585

squib1586

screaling1594

giant-dwarf1598

twattle1598

agate1600

minimus1600

cock sparrow1602

dapperling1611

modicum1611

scrub1611

sesquipedalian1615

dwarflinga1618

wretchcock1641

homuncio1643

whip-handle1653

homuncule1656

whippersnapper1674

chitterling1675

sprite1684

carliea1689

urling1691

wirling1691

dwarf man1699

poppet1699

durgan1706

short-arse1706

tomtit1706

Lilliputian1726

wallydraigle1736

midge1757

minikin1761

squeeze-crab1785

minimum1796

niff-naff1808

titman1818

teetotum1822

squita1825

cradden1825

nyaff1825

weed1825

pinkeen1850

fingerling1864

Lilliput1867

thumbling1867

midget1869

inch1884

shorty1888

titch1888

skimpling1890

stub1890

scrap1898

pygmoid1922

lofty1933

peewee1935

smidgen1952

pint-size1954

pint-sized1973

munchkin1974

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus 123 Hoo my swete mannyken, or pretty boykyn, what nowe? Doo I not please the ynough?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 51 This is a deere Manakin to you Sir Toby.

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. iii, in Wks. I. 536 O, that's a precious mannikin .

1653 tr. S. Przypkowski Dissertatio de Pace iv. 18 Shall we little manikins prescribe a law to his most free arbitrement?

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Mannikin, a Dwarf.

1766 J. Beattie tr. J. Addison Battle Pygmies & Cranes in Poems Several Subj. 159 Where march'd in warlike pomp the haughty foe, Where mannikins, impatient for the field, Couch'd the long quivering lance, and grasp'd the shield.

1840 W. H. Ainsworth Tower of London ii. xxxv ‘What is it?’ replied the good-humoured giant, yawning as if he would have swallowed the teazing mannikin.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. viii. 298 Gloucester, the lynx-eyed mannikin, is there.

1894 Q. Rev. Jan. 213 Men become undignified and little-minded, local manikins.

1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark 70 If he seems strange to you, remember that wisdom is apt to cohabit with oddity. There are mannikins plenty who have seen something of oddity in me.

a1959 J. Pope-Hennessy in Lonely Business (1981) 210 The Duke of Windsor is, on first sight, much less small than I had been led to believe; he is not at all a manikin, but a well-proportioned human being.

1993 Guardian 4 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 37/1 A fumbling manikin at customs searches Giles's bag.

†B. adj.

Dwarf, diminutive, undersized; puny. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > smaller than usual or standard size

petty1393

small1525

scrubby1591

undersized1706

underlinga1722

underline1750

under-size1820

manikin1840

underhanded1856

small1877

sawed-off1887

sawn-off1936

1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg i, in New Monthly Mag. 60 84 One little mannikin thing Survives to wear many a wrinkle.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby ii. i The manikin grasp of the English ministry.

1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting 380 I have shot..a splendid old manikin ostrich.

1884 D. G. Mitchell Wet days at Edgewood 22 Boors indeed; but they are live boors, and not manikin shepherds.

1898 J. Hollingshead Gaiety Chron. i. 2 Unlike Shakespeare, I have preserved the result of my mannikin efforts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	manikin
释义	manikinn.adj. Brit. /ˈmanᵻkɪn/, U.S. /ˈmænəkən/ Forms: 1500s manikyng, 1500s manneken, 1500s mannyken, 1500s– mannikin, 1600s– manakin, 1600s– manikin, 1700s manekin, 1800s mannakin; Scottish pre-1700 manikyn, pre-1700 mannikin. Also (chiefly in senses A. 1b and A. 1c) 1700s manequine, 1800s manequin, 1800s– mannequin. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch mannekijn. Etymology: < Middle Dutch and Dutch mannekijn, manneken little man, little doll (in Middle Dutch texts; very rare after the 17th cent., being replaced by mannetje , except in Manneken-pis , Manneke-pis , the name of a statue of a small boy (of 1619) in Brussels) < man man n.¹ + kijn , -ken -kin suffix. Compare mankin n.², manakin n.¹, mannikin n.Forms in -quin , -quine are probably after Middle French, French mannequin (c1450 in sense A. 1a, a1475 in sense A. 2, 1671 in sense A. 1b; < Middle Dutch mannekijn ), which probably also influenced the development of sense: see also mannequin n. These forms are frequent in sense A. 1b, and from the late 20th cent. mannequin has also become equally as frequent as manikin in sense A. 1c (in both cases probably by association with mannequin n. 2). A. n. 1. a. A small representation or statue of a human figure. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > three-dimensional representation > [noun] > model of a human woman1509 manikin1535 malkinc1565 man1600 kirn-baby1777 maid1794 knack1813 snowman1827 moggie1896 1535–6 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 191 For the xxi manikynnis with xxii thanis upone the hedis of the ii roundis [at Holyrood]. 1554–5 in R. Adam Edinb. Rec. (1899) II. 38 For the payntting of the mannikin and the beirrar of the townis armes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 484 Prettie images or mannikins resembling cookes, which he termed Magiriscia. 1629 in Archaeologia (1884) 48 212 One gilt shipp and cover with a manikin on the topp. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick iii. 25 At first I almost thought that this black manikin was a real baby preserved... But..I concluded that it must be nothing but a wooden idol, which indeed it proved to be. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xvi. 190 A..quarter-jack being driven by the..clock machinery... The egress of the jack, the blows on the bell, and the mannikin's retreat..were visible to many. 1964 V. Nabokov Defence v. 77 An onlooker knowing nothing about simultaneous chess would be utterly baffled at the sight of these elderly men..sitting..behind boards that bristle thickly with curiously cut manikins. 1972 E. H. Gombrich Story of Art (ed. 12) viii. 124 All the figures in the story are strange little manikins which are not drawn with the assurance of the Assyrian and Roman chroniclers. 1993 Art Newspaper (BNC) Feb. 21 A similar taste undoubtedly drove the price of Carmontelle's black and red chalk mannikin of ‘Mademoiselle Grimperel with a Viola’..to a phone-bidder for an absurdly high $55,000. b. Art. = lay figure n. a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > model > jointed wooden model manikin1570 lay-man1688 mademoiselle1712 lay figure1795 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. ciij^v Thus, of a Manneken (as the Dutch Painters terme it) in the same Symmetrie, may a Giant be made. 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Manequin (with Painters; &c.), a little statue or model usually made of wax or wood, the junctures whereof are so contrived, that it may be put into any attitude at pleasure. 1782 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 3) V. 38 The use of the manekin or layman for disposing draperies. 1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §69. 38 These wooden figures..had decidedly more resemblance to puppets (manequins) than to works of cultivated plastic art. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Manequin, an artist's model of wood or wax. 1900 Dr. Dillon in Good Words July 451/2 ‘He [sc. the Tsar] is as wiry as a mannequin,’ said an officer to me. 1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities Pref. p. viii The first piece I removed was a small wooden manikin, which I've since learned to call a lay figure. c. A model of the human body designed for demonstrating anatomical structure, or for teaching any of various surgical or medical procedures. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > study of body > [noun] > human anatomy > instruments used in anatomy1727 manikin1831 1831 E. Baldwin Ann. Yale Coll. 263 The dry preparations, and particularly an apparatus called a manikin, are used for the demonstrations. This manikin is a very perfect and ingenious piece of mechanism, constructed in Paris, representing a male figure of the full size. 1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 523 Obstetric Manikin including a natural female pelvis, with leather foetus and placenta. 1912 P. P. Cole (title) The sexual organs and the pregnant state..with illustrations in the text and an anatomical model of the female human body in movable manikin form. 1991 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Mar. 626/2 Practical skills were tested with a standard training manikin (Laerdal) equipped with a visual display indicating the force and site of compression and the adequacy of ventilation. 2. A little man (frequently depreciative); a dwarf, a pygmy. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person dwarfeOE congeonc1230 go-by-ground?a1300 smalla1300 shrimpc1386 griga1400 gruba1400 murche1440 nirvil1440 mitinga1450 witherling1528 wretchocka1529 elf1530 hop-o'-my-thumb1530 pygmy1533 little person1538 manikin1540 mankin1552 dandiprat1556 yrle1568 grundy1570 Jack Sprat1570 squall1570 manling1573 Tom Thumb1579 pinka1585 squib1586 screaling1594 giant-dwarf1598 twattle1598 agate1600 minimus1600 cock sparrow1602 dapperling1611 modicum1611 scrub1611 sesquipedalian1615 dwarflinga1618 wretchcock1641 homuncio1643 whip-handle1653 homuncule1656 whippersnapper1674 chitterling1675 sprite1684 carliea1689 urling1691 wirling1691 dwarf man1699 poppet1699 durgan1706 short-arse1706 tomtit1706 Lilliputian1726 wallydraigle1736 midge1757 minikin1761 squeeze-crab1785 minimum1796 niff-naff1808 titman1818 teetotum1822 squita1825 cradden1825 nyaff1825 weed1825 pinkeen1850 fingerling1864 Lilliput1867 thumbling1867 midget1869 inch1884 shorty1888 titch1888 skimpling1890 stub1890 scrap1898 pygmoid1922 lofty1933 peewee1935 smidgen1952 pint-size1954 pint-sized1973 munchkin1974 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus 123 Hoo my swete mannyken, or pretty boykyn, what nowe? Doo I not please the ynough? a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 51 This is a deere Manakin to you Sir Toby. View more context for this quotation 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. iii, in Wks. I. 536 O, that's a precious mannikin . View more context for this quotation 1653 tr. S. Przypkowski Dissertatio de Pace iv. 18 Shall we little manikins prescribe a law to his most free arbitrement? 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Mannikin, a Dwarf. 1766 J. Beattie tr. J. Addison Battle Pygmies & Cranes in Poems Several Subj. 159 Where march'd in warlike pomp the haughty foe, Where mannikins, impatient for the field, Couch'd the long quivering lance, and grasp'd the shield. 1840 W. H. Ainsworth Tower of London ii. xxxv ‘What is it?’ replied the good-humoured giant, yawning as if he would have swallowed the teazing mannikin. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. viii. 298 Gloucester, the lynx-eyed mannikin, is there. 1894 Q. Rev. Jan. 213 Men become undignified and little-minded, local manikins. 1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark 70 If he seems strange to you, remember that wisdom is apt to cohabit with oddity. There are mannikins plenty who have seen something of oddity in me. a1959 J. Pope-Hennessy in Lonely Business (1981) 210 The Duke of Windsor is, on first sight, much less small than I had been led to believe; he is not at all a manikin, but a well-proportioned human being. 1993 Guardian 4 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 37/1 A fumbling manikin at customs searches Giles's bag. †B. adj. Dwarf, diminutive, undersized; puny. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [adjective] > smaller than usual or standard size petty1393 small1525 scrubby1591 undersized1706 underlinga1722 underline1750 under-size1820 manikin1840 underhanded1856 small1877 sawed-off1887 sawn-off1936 1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg i, in New Monthly Mag. 60 84 One little mannikin thing Survives to wear many a wrinkle. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby ii. i The manikin grasp of the English ministry. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting 380 I have shot..a splendid old manikin ostrich. 1884 D. G. Mitchell Wet days at Edgewood 22 Boors indeed; but they are live boors, and not manikin shepherds. 1898 J. Hollingshead Gaiety Chron. i. 2 Unlike Shakespeare, I have preserved the result of my mannikin efforts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1535
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