mannan.¹

Brit.

/ˈmanə/, U.S.

/ˈmænə/

Forms: Old English monna, Old English– manna, Middle English mana, Middle English manaa, Middle English manne, 1500s mano.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin manna.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin manna manna, spiritual nourishment (Tertullian, Vetus Latina (compare manna n.²), Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek μάννα (Septuagint, New Testament) < Hebrew mān (see man n.³), probably via Aramaic mannā. Post-classical Latin manna has derivatives in most European languages; of these, French manne has influenced several senses of the English word (see note).The Hebrew word is of uncertain origin. The etymological tradition preserved in Exodus 16:15 represents the word as having originated from the question man hū' ‘what is it’ (in Aramaic or supposed archaic Hebrew), which grammatically admits of being interpreted ‘it is mān ’; compare the Vulgate translation, ‘Dixerunt ad invicem: Manhu, quod interpretatur, quid est hoc?’ and the 1611 translation ‘they said one to another, it is Manna [marginal note Or, what is this? or it is a portion]: for they wist not what it was’. C. G. Ehrenberg, in his Symbolae Physicae (1823) I, suggested that the manna of the Israelites was the Mount Sinai Manna produced by Tamarix mannifera and locally eaten like honey. Arabic mann can be used in this sense, and the same sense was proposed for ancient Egyptian mannu by G. M. Ebers in Durch Gosen zum Sinai (1872), implying that the Hebrew word ‘may represent the name anciently current in the Sinaitic wilderness for this natural product, which in many respects agrees with the description of the miraculous manna, and which is still locally regarded as a dew falling from the sky’ ( N.E.D.). In sense 4 < classical Latin manna flakes or a flake of incense < ancient Greek μάννα frankincense powder (Hippocrates) < Hebrew manna crumb, grain. The pre-existence of the classical Latin word probably explains why the early Church writers Latinized Hebrew mān as manna . Although the two words appear to be etymologically distinct, it is difficult to discern which etymon accounts for which senses of the English (and French) word. Old French, Middle French, French manne is attested from the first half of the 12th cent. in sense 1a, from c1231 in sense 2a, c1350 in sense ‘provisions, victuals’ and subsequently ‘abundant and unexpected nourishment’ (compare senses 2b and 2c), from early 14th cent. in sense ‘a sweet juice which exudes from certain plants’ (see sense 3), and from 1755 in sense ‘mayflies eaten by fish’ (see sense 7). With sense 4 compare Middle French, French manne d'encens granular incense, and with sense 5 compare French manne de mercure, described in Littré as ‘ancien terme de chimie’.

I. Biblical and allusive uses.

a. In the Bible (Exodus 16): a substance miraculously provided each day as food for the Israelites in the wilderness after their departure from Egypt.The supposed nature of this substance has been disputed. In Exodus 16 manna is described as ‘something fine and granular [margin or ‘rounded’ or ‘coagulated’], as fine as hoarfrost on the ground... It was like coriander seed; it was white and its taste was like that of wafers made with honey’ (New Jerusalem Bible, 1985). See also etymological notes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > manna

mannaeOE

manOE

angels' breada1333

angels' foodc1400

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > bread > [noun] > manna

mannaeOE

manOE

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Tiber.) (Junius transcript) (1871) xvii. 124 And eac sceal bion on ðæm breostum ðæs monnan swetnes.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) iv. 216 Manna wæs gehaten se heofonlica mete, þe feowertig geara afedde israhela folc on westene.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 99 (MED) He let hem reine manne to bi-liue and gef hem bred of heuene.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 141 (MED) Sunnedei god sende manna from houene.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3330 On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein... He ðe it [s]ogen [MS logen] seiden, ‘man-hu’, Manna for-ði men clepeð it nu.

a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 768 Bodi þei founde þer none; But þei sawe in þat stede þana Liand as it were a mana. That manna bitokned hure clene lyf.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 14 In the tombe of seynt John is nought but Manna.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1249 In the Arke was vrna aurea with manna cald aungels brede.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxviii. 74 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 108 He..bade the cloudes Ambrosian Manna rain.

1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 124 The Apostle there calleth Manna spirituall meat, yet was Manna a materiall thing.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 76 And on the reverse the pot of manna, or, as others will have it, the censor.

1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 52 In the following verses we have an allusion to a Rabbinical opinion concerning Manna.

1842 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. VI. xi. 156 The manna in the wilderness was a real gift.

1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 597/1 When the manna is complained of, quails are provided as in the previous year.

1984 Christadelphian July 255/1 We know that the manna is symbolic of, or anticipates, the true manna which came down from heaven in Jesus Christ.

b. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 247/1 The lean, no lean, but a kind of animal manna.

1890 R. Bridges London Snow in Shorter Poems iii. 265 They gathered up the crystal manna to freeze Their tongues with tasting, their hands with snowballing.

1911 K. Hughes Father Lacombe iii. 32 This was pimik-kan, the manna of the Canadian prairies.

1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse ii. 65 Manna from hevving, bird droppings.

2. figurative.

a. Spiritual nourishment (esp. God-given).In Christian use frequently with reference to the Eucharist.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual sustenance

soul foodc1175

mannaa1200

pasturec1350

red meat1933

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun]

fleshc1000

ofleteOE

mannaa1200

breada1225

bread of lifea1300

host1303

bodya1325

obleya1325

God's bodya1387

cakec1390

singing bread1432

bread of wheata1450

singing loaf1530

God's bread1535

bread god?1548

round robin?1548

holy bread1552

singing cake1553

Jack-in-the-box1554

wafer-cake?1554

wafer1559

wafer-bread1565

breaden god1570

mass cake1579

wafer-god1623

hostel1624

maker1635

hostie1641

oblata1721

altar bread1839

prosphora1874

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 99 Husel..is wurð al þe wereld, and betere þene al þe wereld; þis is þe holi manne þe ure drihten sende alse snow sleðrende.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 (MED) Þe loue of god and uirtue is..Zuete, uor þet is þe manne þet alle þise þinges makeþ zuete.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) Apoc. ii. 17 To the ouercomynge I shal ȝiue manna hid, or aungel mete.

c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 378 Heyle, moost holye goddes bodye in þis sacramente soþely conteyned..Oo þou manna, aungellis mete.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 110 To þe victour is yoven manna.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rev. ii. F cclii/2 Let him that hath eares, heare, what the sprete saith vnto the congregacions: To him that ouercommeth, wil I geue to eate manna that is hyd.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation To Rdr. sig. **2^v To make choice of..the most vertuous hearbes of Philosophie,..and the most heauenly manna of Diuinitie.

1636 F. Quarles Elegie Sir J. Cæsar sig. A8 Repleat thy self with everlasting Manna.

1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 58 The word of God, the most honourable and eldest of things is called Manna.

1710 M. Chudleigh Ess. Several Subj. 214 The Bigotry of past Ages pour'd down plentiful Showers of Manna on them, and they gather'd it with an indefatigable Toil.

1763 J. Merrick Poems 11 Feed the soul that moves our clay With Manna from on high.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 108 The Christian souls..who were hungering for spiritual manna, having been fed but upon sour Hieland sowens by..the last minister.

1861 O Food that Weary Pilgrims Love in Hymns Anc. & Mod. No. 314 O bread of Angel-hosts above, O Manna of the Saints.

1921 E. J. Strickland tr. J. P. De Caussade Abandonment to Divine Providence i. i. 3 O Bread of Angels! heavenly manna!.. Sacrament of the present moment!

1991 C. Cleverly Church Planting (BNC) 139 Are you feeding on the word of God At the start of every day? Send your manna, Lord, Here in the desert. Your living water in this barren land.

b. Something beneficial or pleasing (originally, food), appearing or being provided unexpectedly or opportunely. Now frequently in manna from heaven.

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 294 Faire Ladies, you drop Manna in the way of starued people.

1607 T. Middleton Phoenix sig. C Tis..verie manna to me to be in law.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 113 His Tongue Dropt Manna, and could make the worse appear The better reason.

1684 T. Otway Atheist i. 5 Do you despise your own Manna indeed, and long after Quails?

1777 D. Garrick Let. 14 Sept. in D. Garrick & G. Spencer Lett. (1960) 109 The whole town are waiting..for the manna of good news from the Howes.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 103 You see in me..the benefactor of your race;..the preserver of your brother, who is fed with manna daily from my table.

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxiv. 389 The food was not very good,..but it was manna to the castaways.

1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 13 Here were action troops: the implication of a new striking force..were manna to all the..wishful-thinkers of the period.

1987 Sunday Express Mag. 31 May 38/1 Any entertainment is a thrill but this, this is manna from heaven.

1998 Grocer 12 Sept. 18/2 His regular, technicoloured prose has been manna from heaven for hungry headline writers.

†c. A valuable staple of food. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner i. ii. xxiii. 55 It is us'd in the Winter time to cover Fig-Trees, Artichokes, Succories, Selery, &c. Which are all Manna's of great Value in Gard'ning.

1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner ii. vi. vi. 194 Lettuces are Plants that are..commonly seen in our Kitchen-Gardens, and are indeed the most useful Manna of them.

II. Other uses.

a. A dried, sweet exudate or gum produced by various plants when cut, damaged, or punctured; esp. one rich in mannitol exuded from the branches of the manna ash (see Compounds 1), which has been used medicinally as a mild laxative, or (Australian) one exuded from trees of the genus Eucalyptus. Cf. dew n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived

scammonyc1000

lign-aloesc1374

hiera picra1379

rhubarbc1390

aloea1398

cassia fistulaa1398

coloquintidaa1398

senec1400

turpethc1400

coloquintc1420

diagrydium1436

lignum aloes1525

rhabarbarum1533

xylaloes1540

manna1541

scilla1548

hyera?1550

emblic1555

diasenna1562

colocynth1565

tragonce1575

pinyon1577

mechoacan1587

lignum aquilae1600

gamboge1615

dragon-root1621

helleborism1621

diaprune1625

alhandal1630

makinboy1652

luskard1653

diagrydiate1657

physic nut1657

aloetic1661

scammoniate1665

jalap1675

aloedary1683

coloquinto1683

Briançon manna1688

liquorice powder1712

coloquintid1732

castor oil1746

senna-tea1752

higry pigry1773

Turkey rhubarb1789

argel1803

hickery-pickery1816

cathartin1823

aloin1828

croton oil1829

jalapin1832

syrmaea1833

bryonin1836

gambogic acid1837

Podophyllum1844

podophyllin1851

geropiga1852

hicra picra1857

Montpellier turpeth1860

picra1860

tallicoona oil1866

scammonin1868

pharbitisin1873

cascara sagrada1879

senna-draught1879

tambor-oil1890

syrup of figs1897

pharbitin1899

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 137^v Dewe..is..cause of hony and of manna in herbis and floures.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 182 (MED) Resolue þeron cassia fistula..thamarindorum, manne..& boile hem a litil togidere.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 101 Þere ben hilles where men geten gret plente of Manna, in gretter habundance þan in ony other contree. This Manna is clept bred of aungeles & it is a white þing þat is full swete & right delicyous.

1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 58 Pourgers of Choler:..Manna vi drammes at the leaste, and soo to xxv, in the brothe of a henne or capon.

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.ii/2 Manna is a dewe thicked, and fallynge in certayne places vpon trees,..and vsed for purgations.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 4 Upon the Mount Libanus..you may find the Manna, or Celestial dew, which I..took for snow.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 241 This Manna is White and Granulated, and..I think not inferior to the Calabrian.

1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Oct. 4/1 Lately imported, and to be sold by Mr. Samuel Eveleigh, sundry sorts of Druggs viz. Nuz Vomica, Cantharides, Jesuits Bark, Senna, Manna, [etc.].

1764 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Godson (1890) 354 I made him take a little manna, which has done him good.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 764/2 Some manna was gathered from the green leaves [of a pine], but it could never be condensed.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 443 It [sc. the juice of the birch tree] is easily obtained by wounding the trunk, and when fresh is a sweetish and limpid fluid, in its concrete state affording a brownish manna.

1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. 203 A species of our eucalyptus produces also the finest manna, and that in very considerable abundance.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 92 The Manna of Arabia is produced by several species of Hedysarum.

1889 G. S. Boulger Uses of Plants 103 Fraxinus Ornus..is the chief source of a mild laxative, Manna.

1903 Bulletin (Sydney) 31 Jan. 36/1 When..the ‘manna’ ran down the grey gums, we have sometimes caught froggies..by creeping up to the tree where they were feasting.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 816/1 Manna of good quality dissolves at ordinary temperatures in about 6 parts of water, forming a clear liquid.

1977 E. Stirling & N. H. Richardson Memories Aberfeldy 10 All the girls, big and little, went walking, gathering wildflowers..and manna in the season.

1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 12 Does the liver seek its medicament in sugar, manna, honey, or a polypody fern?

1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) (at cited word) Manna also refers to resins produced by two plants called camel's thorns (Alhagi maurorum and A. pseudalhagi)..native to Turkey.

b. With distinguishing word: a particular form or kind of manna (sense 3a), spec. that obtained from the manna ash.Australian, Briançon, Persian manna, etc.: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Manne de Calabre, Calabrian Manna; the best and most lasting Manna... Manne de Cotton..the worse kind of Leuant Manna, and the worst of all others.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening v. 101 The Manna of Calabria, and of Briancon, are only the Transudation of a Humour that breaths out of..Larch-Trees.

1727–41 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Formerly the Syrian manna was in the most repute, but now it gives way to the Calabrian.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 537/2 The larger pieces, called flake manna, are usually preferred.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 538/2 This is the best kind, and by the people of [Sicily] is called lachrymatory or cane manna.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 176 It is collected in baskets, and known under the name of manna grassa, fat manna... A finer kind of manna is procured, which is called canulated or flaky manna, manna in cannoli.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. at Fat Fat manna, a variety of manna in the form of soft, viscous brown masses, with many impurities, exuding late in the season, and containing much less mannite and more gum and sugar than the flake manna.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 571/2 This sweetish material is sold in the form of flakes (flake manna), fragments (common manna), or thick droplets (fat manna).

†c. manna in sorts n. [compare French manne en sortes (1765); New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (1892) at Manna records also Latin manna in sortibus] an impure form of the manna obtained from the manna ash, which consists of small crystalline fragments of exudate embedded in a soft viscid mass. manna in tears n. [compare French manne en larmes (1723), so called because it condenses into pieces resembling tears] a very pure form of the manna obtained from the manna ash, consisting of irregular pieces of exudate which have hardened on the tree. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. (at cited word) Manna is generally distinguished into different kinds, viz. the manna in tears, the canulated and flaky manna, and the common brown or fat manna.

1853 J. F. Royle Man. Materia Med. (ed. 2) 542 Manna in tears is a pure kind, in bright and roundish white grains... Inferior kinds are in smaller pieces,..and often intermixed with impurities. These are called Manna in sorts, Fat Manna, Tolfa Manna, &c.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 823/2 The inferior [kind], or ‘manna in sorts’ [is obtained] from cuts [in the stem of the Ash] near the ground.

d. A dried sugary substance produced by the feeding activities of aphids, scale insects, or psyllids, either as excreted honeydew or as a plant exudate; esp. a honey-like substance produced when the scale insect Trabutina mannipara feeds on the sap of the Middle Eastern tamarisk Tamarix mannifera, or (Australian) sweet scales secreted by the larvae of psyllids feeding on the leaves of eucalypts, etc. (= lerp n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Psyllidae > secretion produced by larvae

manna1808

lerp1848

1808 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1921) 3rd Ser. I. 692 An insect which produces very fine Manna.

1822 Asiatick Researches 14 182 (title) Description of a substance called Gez or Manna, and the insect producing it.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i ii. 69 Feathery tamarisks..on whose leaves is found what the Arabs call manna.

1923 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 697 His figure of the ‘manna’ shows a viscid reddish mass, dependent from the infested tamarisk branches... He describes the so-called ‘manna’ as a flaky accumulation of white waxy matter resulting from filaments secreted and shed by the insects.

1927 Bulletin (Sydney) 21 July 27/2 Victoria has two substances commonly known as manna... The second kind is found chiefly in the Mallee... It..is secreted by the pupa of an insect known as Psylla eucalypti on the leaves of the mallee scrub.

1962 C. L. Metcalf et al. Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 4) ii. 61 The manna or sugary honeydew excreted by aphids and scale insects..is used as a sweet by peasants of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.

1969 Victorian Year Bk. 83 10 Lerp insects (Psyllidae) often secrete scale~like coverings (lerps) in the nymph stage, those of Spondyliaspis eucalypti on gum leaves being known as ‘manna’.

1972 L. E. Chadwick tr. W. Linsenmaier Insects of World 118/2 The honeydew of the tamarisk manna scale (Trabutina mannipara)..has long been used as a food-stuff and apparently is the manna referred to in the Bible... The honeydew of aphids and of cicadines often is also called manna.

†4. [See etymological note.] Frankincense in grains; a grain of frankincense. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific > grain of

manna?a1425

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 72^v Þe medecene..is made, after Galien, of yreos ylirica..manna, þat is, þus minute [?c1425 Paris mannis, i. smal frank ensence; L. manna, quod est, thus minutum], astrologia, [etc.].

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 367 As for the small crums or fragments [of incense] which fall off by shaking, we called Manna, (i. Thuris).

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Manna Thuris, the Manna of Frankincense, a term used by the ancient physicians to express such small pieces of frankincense..as broke off..in carriage.

†5. Chemistry. A white powder or residue. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical processes (general) > that which remains after

residence1555

residue1586

manna1694

sublimate1822

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 253/2 This is the same Medicine which is called Manna of Lead by Schroder.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Chymical Manna, a Substance distill'd from Precipitate, whiter than Snow.

†6. In full Poland (also Polish) manna [compare French manne de Pologne (18th cent.), German deutsches Manna, brandenburgisches Manna, polnisches Manna] . = manna seeds n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains

buckwheat1548

brank1577

bullimong1578

sesame1600

block-wheat1611

fundi1670

kurakkan1681

manna seeds1764

manna1780

teff1790

bajra1813

semsem1866

sesame grain1867

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > manna-grass seeds

manna seeds1764

manna1780

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > manna-grass and allies > seeds of

Poland (also Polish) manna1864

1780 Farmer's Mag. Oct. 296 The vegetable productions of Poland are..peculiar to itself, particularly a kind of manna (if it can be called a vegetable) which in May and June the inhabitants sweep into sieves with the dew.

1783 W. F. Mavor Geogr. Mag. 2 101 The Polish manna is collected, in the months of June and July, from an herb which grows very plentifully in the meadows and marshy grounds.

1831 W. J. Hooker Brit. Flora (ed. 2) 43 The seeds [of Poa fluitans] constitute the Manna of our shops, and they are gathered abundantly in Holland, where..they are used as food.

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 308/1 They [sc. the seeds]..are very palatable and nutritious, and are known in shops as Polish Manna, Manna Seeds, and Manna Croup.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 718/2 Manna, Poland. Glyceria fluitans.

†7. colloquial. Mayflies (collectively). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) I. ix. 284 Between the 10th and 15th of August is the time when those [Ephemerae] of the Seine and Marne..are expected by the fishermen, who call them manna.

1864 Intellectual Observer No. 33. 151 Ephemeræ..commonly known by the name of Manna.

8. South African. Usually with distinguishing word: any of various kinds of millet, esp. any grass of the genus Setaria; spec. (in full Boer manna) any of certain strains of foxtail millet, S. italica, or (in full Kaffir manna) (now offensive) of bulrush millet, Pennisetum americanum. Also: the seeds of any of these grasses. Cf. manna-grass n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > plants used as fodder

bullimong1313

podder1468

tare1482

greens1607

lucerne1652

esperate1659

esparcet1669

tare-thistle1753

buckwheat1776

mangel-wurzel1787

mangold1848

sacate1848

sacaton1865

mangel-wurzel potato1875

mutter1875

ramon1885

cattle-bush1889

manna1897

beech-wheat-

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > grasses used for hay or pasture

windlestrawc1000

red grass1582

spring grass1643

sweet-grass1709

herd-grass1747

Guinea grass1756

vernal grass1762

vernal1771

Paspalum1772

buffalo grass1784

Rhode Island bent1790

red-top1792

finetop1824

kangaroo-grass1827

gamagrass1831

sweet vernal grass1839

yellow-top1839

grama1844

sesame grass1845

sacate1848

Para grass1850

Hungarian1859

alfilaria1860

sacaton1865

Mitchell grass1867

teosinte1877

Landsborough grass1883

turnip-grass1889

brown top1891

ichu1891

manna1897

Rhodes grass1903

Sudan1911

Kikuyu grass1913

never-fail1923

buffel grass1955

1897 Agric. Jrnl. (Dept. Agric. Cape Good Hope) 21 Jan. 108 You have done the sensible thing in sending a specimen of your so-called Manna for identification... Well, it is Setaria italica, Beauv., in one of its varieties.

1933 S. & E. Afr. Year Bk. & Guide 278 The most important hay crops are derived from: Lucerne (Medicago sativa);..Paspalum (Paspalum virgatum); and Manna (Setaria spp.).

1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 505/1 The term ‘manna’ has been loosely applied to certain cereal seeds, e.g. ‘Boer manna’ and ‘Kaffir manna’ are names used for millet.

1972 Encycl. Southern Afr. IV. 604/2 Millet. The best-known species are pearl millet..(Pennisetum typhoides), red Boer manna, white Boer manna (Setaria italica)..and prosomanna (Panicum miliaceum).

1972 Encycl. Southern Afr. VII. 415/2 Boer millet (Setaria italica) is known by the following synonyms: small-seeded strains—‘manna’, foxtail,..or German millet..large-seeded strains—golden millet.

1978 Dict. S. Afr. Eng. 143/2 Manna, various millets usu. in compounds, boer ∼ Setaria italica, also called Italian millet; red/rooi ∼, white/wit ∼, yellow/geel ∼ all Kaffer ∼ (q.v.) Pennisetum americanum also babala grass.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

manna dew n.

ΚΠ

1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Ld. Hastynges sig. O.iii^v The Manna dew, that in the easterne lands, Excellth the laboure of the bees small hands.

a1678 A. Marvell Upon Appleton House in Misc. Poems (1681) 90 But now, to make his saying true, Rails rain for Quails, for Manna Dew.

1819 J. Keats La Belle Dame vii She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew.

1992 T. Hughes Rain-charm for Duchy 6 In the relief of light, the Dream of the Lion Dropping from air as manna dew, Cleansing all, condensed on you.

manna-meal n.

ΚΠ

1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth IV. xxvi. 118 They partook of this manna-meal,—this food that seemed to have dropped from heaven.

manna-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307 There are several other manna-yielding plants besides the ash, especially the manna-bearing Eucalyptus.

manna-eating adj.

ΚΠ

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xvii. 218 The physical death, died by the manna-eating fathers.

manna-yielding adj.

ΚΠ

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307 There are several other manna-yielding plants besides the ash.

C2.

manna ash n. an ash tree with fragrant white flowers, Fraxinus ornus, which is native to southern Europe and South West Asia and was formerly much cultivated in Sicily and Calabria for the manna it exudes; also called flowering ash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > ash and allies > [noun]

ashc700

fraynec1325

wood-browna1400

wild ash1552

white ash1578

manna tree1665

black ash1673

white ash1683

water ash1709

manna ash1715

hoop-ash1763

red ash1773

shrew-ash1776

blue ash1783

swamp ash1794

weeping ash1807

green ash1810

cockscomb ash1850

Oregon ash1857

1715 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 238 This..more resembles our Manna Ash.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 July 3/1 The slanting lights which played through manna-ash, acacia-hedge, and tamarisk.

1987 K. Rushforth Tree Planting & Managem. (1990) 172/2 Manna ash is one of the species with showy flowers; these are white and carried in late May.

manna groats n. = manna croup n.

ΚΠ

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307/2 Manna groats, a kind of semolina, prepared in Russia, usually from the hard wheats of Odessa and Taganrog... Another kind is made by husking the small grain of the aquatic grass, Glyceria fluitans.

manna gum n. any of several eucalypts which exude manna, esp. Eucalyptus viminalis; in full manna-gum tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees

yellow box1662

gum tree1676

white gum tree1733

whip-stick1782

peppermint1790

red gum tree1790

red mahogany1798

white gum1798

box1801

blue gum1802

eucalyptus1809

box tree1819

black-butted gum1820

bloodwood1827

white ash1830

blackbutt1833

morrel1837

mountain ash1837

mallee scrub1845

apple gum1846

flooded gum1847

Moreton Bay ash1847

mallee1848

swamp gum1852

box-gum1855

manna gum1855

white top1856

river gum1860

grey box1861

woolly butt1862

marlock1863

fever tree1867

red ironbark1867

river white gum1867

karri1870

yellow jacket1876

eucalypt1877

yapunyah1878

coolibah1879

scribbly gum1883

forest mahogany1884

yellow jack1884

rose gum1885

Jimmy Low1887

nankeen gum1889

slaty gum1889

sugar-gum1889

apple box1890

Murray red gum1895

creek-gum1898

eucalyptian1901

forest red gum1904

river red gum1920

napunyah1921

whitewash gum1923

ghost gum1928

snow gum1928

Sydney blue gum1932

salmon gum1934

lapunyah1940

1855 J. Bonwick Geogr. Austral. & N.Z. (ed. 3) 201 The chief of these are the..manna, poplar, and mountain Gum trees.

1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 74 E[ucalyptus] viminalis—Manna Gum;..Flooded Gum.—An elegant tree, attaining a height of 150 feet and a diameter of 8 feet.

1887 Colonial & Indian Exhib., London 1886: Rep. Colonial Sections 420 Other noble trees, as the Blue, White, Red, Swamp, Water-rooted and Manna-drooping Gums.

1937 Discovery Dec. 364/2 The Greater Gliding 'Possum..feeds also on several other eucalypts, particularly manna-gum and long-leafed box.

1982 K. Hueneke Huts of High Country 189 Further up the track we passed under some manna gums... These eucalypts exude a sugary resin which is edible though it may not be enough to save a starving skier.

manna lichen n. any of several edible lichens of the genus Sphaerothallia (esp. S. esculenta), found in arid regions of western Asia and North Africa, which are sometimes identified with the manna of the Bible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > other lichens

cup-moss1597

ground liverwort1597

Usnea1597

perelle1712

oak moss1728

necklace moss1759

rag1759

thrush-lichen1759

Iceland lichen1777

Iceland moss1785

map lichen1796

scripture-wort1835

letter lichen1846

dog lichen1853

fairy cups1855

velvet moss1858

manna lichen1864

tree-hair1866

famine-bread1887

old man's beard1888

sea ivory1966

1864 Reader No. 85. 205/2 Authors who have described the manna-lichen.

1983 D. L. Hawksworth et al. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dict. Fungi (ed. 7) 358/2 Sphaerothallia... The ‘manna lichens’. S. esculenta..may be one of the types of manna in The Bible, and can be used in bread production.

† manna-mead n. Obsolete a fermented beverage obtained from manna.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > from grain or cassava

chicha1581

pombe1625

boza1656

saké1687

mishla1697

manna-mead1753

piwari1769

marua1847

mirin1874

tiswin1877

merissa1884

waragi1916

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Manna,..the spirituous part of the manna-mead.

manna seeds n. the seeds of manna-grass (floating sweetgrass), Glyceria fluitans, formerly used as food in parts of Europe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains

buckwheat1548

brank1577

bullimong1578

sesame1600

block-wheat1611

fundi1670

kurakkan1681

manna seeds1764

manna1780

teff1790

bajra1813

semsem1866

sesame grain1867

manna seeds1764

manna1780

1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lxxxviii. 300 The seeds of this grass [sc. flote fescue] are gathered yearly in Poland,..and sold under the name of manna-seeds.

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 308/1 They [sc. the seeds]..are very palatable and nutritious, and are known in shops as Polish Manna, Manna Seeds, and Manna Croup.

manna sugar n. = mannitol n.

ΚΠ

1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 906 Mannite; Manna-Sugar.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 816/1 Mannitol or manna sugar, a hexatomic alcohol, C₆H₈(OH)₆.

1995 J. B. Harborne & H. Baxter Phytochem. Dict. (rev. ed.) 476/2 D-Mannitol; Mannitol;..Manna sugar; Mannite; [etc.].

manna tree n. (a) = manna ash n.; (b) = manna gum n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > ash and allies > [noun]

ashc700

fraynec1325

wood-browna1400

wild ash1552

white ash1578

manna tree1665

black ash1673

white ash1683

water ash1709

manna ash1715

hoop-ash1763

red ash1773

shrew-ash1776

blue ash1783

swamp ash1794

weeping ash1807

green ash1810

cockscomb ash1850

Oregon ash1857

1665 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια (ed. 2) 61 Succiferous, or Juice yielding; as the Ammoniacktree Metopion. Acacia. Mannatree.

1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta II. xxxv. 279 The manna-tree is esteemed the most profitable.

1834 G. Bennett Wanderings New S. Wales I. xvi. 319 The elegant drooping manna-trees..were numerous.

1972 T. Keneally Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith ii. 9 That there, Jimmie,..is a manna tree. It has a hard sweet gum that can be eaten.

Derivatives

† manna'd adj. Obsolete containing or composed of manna; sweetened as with manna, honeyed.

ΚΠ

1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) i. xiv. 15 With liquid Rock to stream a springless Land, Call manna'd Harvests from th'unfruitful Sand, And save, and bless you, with a mighty Hand?

1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad ix. 377 Enraged, he sees..each, for some base interest of his own, With Flattery's manna'd lips assail the throne.

ˈmanna-like adj.

ΚΠ

1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. vii. 235 As he listened to these manna-like words.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	manna
释义	mannan.¹ Brit. /ˈmanə/, U.S. /ˈmænə/ Forms: Old English monna, Old English– manna, Middle English mana, Middle English manaa, Middle English manne, 1500s mano. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin manna. Etymology: < post-classical Latin manna manna, spiritual nourishment (Tertullian, Vetus Latina (compare manna n.²), Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek μάννα (Septuagint, New Testament) < Hebrew mān (see man n.³), probably via Aramaic mannā. Post-classical Latin manna has derivatives in most European languages; of these, French manne has influenced several senses of the English word (see note).The Hebrew word is of uncertain origin. The etymological tradition preserved in Exodus 16:15 represents the word as having originated from the question man hū' ‘what is it’ (in Aramaic or supposed archaic Hebrew), which grammatically admits of being interpreted ‘it is mān ’; compare the Vulgate translation, ‘Dixerunt ad invicem: Manhu, quod interpretatur, quid est hoc?’ and the 1611 translation ‘they said one to another, it is Manna [marginal note Or, what is this? or it is a portion]: for they wist not what it was’. C. G. Ehrenberg, in his Symbolae Physicae (1823) I, suggested that the manna of the Israelites was the Mount Sinai Manna produced by Tamarix mannifera and locally eaten like honey. Arabic mann can be used in this sense, and the same sense was proposed for ancient Egyptian mannu by G. M. Ebers in Durch Gosen zum Sinai (1872), implying that the Hebrew word ‘may represent the name anciently current in the Sinaitic wilderness for this natural product, which in many respects agrees with the description of the miraculous manna, and which is still locally regarded as a dew falling from the sky’ ( N.E.D.). In sense 4 < classical Latin manna flakes or a flake of incense < ancient Greek μάννα frankincense powder (Hippocrates) < Hebrew manna crumb, grain. The pre-existence of the classical Latin word probably explains why the early Church writers Latinized Hebrew mān as manna . Although the two words appear to be etymologically distinct, it is difficult to discern which etymon accounts for which senses of the English (and French) word. Old French, Middle French, French manne is attested from the first half of the 12th cent. in sense 1a, from c1231 in sense 2a, c1350 in sense ‘provisions, victuals’ and subsequently ‘abundant and unexpected nourishment’ (compare senses 2b and 2c), from early 14th cent. in sense ‘a sweet juice which exudes from certain plants’ (see sense 3), and from 1755 in sense ‘mayflies eaten by fish’ (see sense 7). With sense 4 compare Middle French, French manne d'encens granular incense, and with sense 5 compare French manne de mercure, described in Littré as ‘ancien terme de chimie’. I. Biblical and allusive uses. 1. a. In the Bible (Exodus 16): a substance miraculously provided each day as food for the Israelites in the wilderness after their departure from Egypt.The supposed nature of this substance has been disputed. In Exodus 16 manna is described as ‘something fine and granular [margin or ‘rounded’ or ‘coagulated’], as fine as hoarfrost on the ground... It was like coriander seed; it was white and its taste was like that of wafers made with honey’ (New Jerusalem Bible, 1985). See also etymological notes. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > manna mannaeOE manOE angels' breada1333 angels' foodc1400 society > faith > artefacts > consumables > bread > [noun] > manna mannaeOE manOE eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Tiber.) (Junius transcript) (1871) xvii. 124 And eac sceal bion on ðæm breostum ðæs monnan swetnes. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) iv. 216 Manna wæs gehaten se heofonlica mete, þe feowertig geara afedde israhela folc on westene. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 99 (MED) He let hem reine manne to bi-liue and gef hem bred of heuene. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 141 (MED) Sunnedei god sende manna from houene. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3330 On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein... He ðe it [s]ogen [MS logen] seiden, ‘man-hu’, Manna for-ði men clepeð it nu. a1425 (c1300) Assumption of Virgin (BL Add.) (1901) l. 768 Bodi þei founde þer none; But þei sawe in þat stede þana Liand as it were a mana. That manna bitokned hure clene lyf. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 14 In the tombe of seynt John is nought but Manna. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 1249 In the Arke was vrna aurea with manna cald aungels brede. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxviii. 74 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 108 He..bade the cloudes Ambrosian Manna rain. 1651 C. Cartwright Certamen Religiosum i. 124 The Apostle there calleth Manna spirituall meat, yet was Manna a materiall thing. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 76 And on the reverse the pot of manna, or, as others will have it, the censor. 1779 S. Johnson Cowley in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets I. 52 In the following verses we have an allusion to a Rabbinical opinion concerning Manna. 1842 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. VI. xi. 156 The manna in the wilderness was a real gift. 1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 597/1 When the manna is complained of, quails are provided as in the previous year. 1984 Christadelphian July 255/1 We know that the manna is symbolic of, or anticipates, the true manna which came down from heaven in Jesus Christ. b. In extended use. ΚΠ 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 247/1 The lean, no lean, but a kind of animal manna. 1890 R. Bridges London Snow in Shorter Poems iii. 265 They gathered up the crystal manna to freeze Their tongues with tasting, their hands with snowballing. 1911 K. Hughes Father Lacombe iii. 32 This was pimik-kan, the manna of the Canadian prairies. 1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse ii. 65 Manna from hevving, bird droppings. 2. figurative. a. Spiritual nourishment (esp. God-given).In Christian use frequently with reference to the Eucharist. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual sustenance soul foodc1175 mannaa1200 pasturec1350 red meat1933 society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > bread > [noun] fleshc1000 ofleteOE mannaa1200 breada1225 bread of lifea1300 host1303 bodya1325 obleya1325 God's bodya1387 cakec1390 singing bread1432 bread of wheata1450 singing loaf1530 God's bread1535 bread god?1548 round robin?1548 holy bread1552 singing cake1553 Jack-in-the-box1554 wafer-cake?1554 wafer1559 wafer-bread1565 breaden god1570 mass cake1579 wafer-god1623 hostel1624 maker1635 hostie1641 oblata1721 altar bread1839 prosphora1874 a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 99 Husel..is wurð al þe wereld, and betere þene al þe wereld; þis is þe holi manne þe ure drihten sende alse snow sleðrende. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 (MED) Þe loue of god and uirtue is..Zuete, uor þet is þe manne þet alle þise þinges makeþ zuete. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) Apoc. ii. 17 To the ouercomynge I shal ȝiue manna hid, or aungel mete. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 378 Heyle, moost holye goddes bodye in þis sacramente soþely conteyned..Oo þou manna, aungellis mete. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 110 To þe victour is yoven manna. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rev. ii. F cclii/2 Let him that hath eares, heare, what the sprete saith vnto the congregacions: To him that ouercommeth, wil I geue to eate manna that is hyd. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation To Rdr. sig. *2^v To make choice of..the most vertuous hearbes of Philosophie,..and the most heauenly manna of Diuinitie. 1636 F. Quarles Elegie Sir J. Cæsar* sig. A8 Repleat thy self with everlasting Manna. 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 58 The word of God, the most honourable and eldest of things is called Manna. 1710 M. Chudleigh Ess. Several Subj. 214 The Bigotry of past Ages pour'd down plentiful Showers of Manna on them, and they gather'd it with an indefatigable Toil. 1763 J. Merrick Poems 11 Feed the soul that moves our clay With Manna from on high. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 108 The Christian souls..who were hungering for spiritual manna, having been fed but upon sour Hieland sowens by..the last minister. 1861 O Food that Weary Pilgrims Love in Hymns Anc. & Mod. No. 314 O bread of Angel-hosts above, O Manna of the Saints. 1921 E. J. Strickland tr. J. P. De Caussade Abandonment to Divine Providence i. i. 3 O Bread of Angels! heavenly manna!.. Sacrament of the present moment! 1991 C. Cleverly Church Planting (BNC) 139 Are you feeding on the word of God At the start of every day? Send your manna, Lord, Here in the desert. Your living water in this barren land. b. Something beneficial or pleasing (originally, food), appearing or being provided unexpectedly or opportunely. Now frequently in manna from heaven. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 294 Faire Ladies, you drop Manna in the way of starued people. View more context for this quotation 1607 T. Middleton Phoenix sig. C Tis..verie manna to me to be in law. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 113 His Tongue Dropt Manna, and could make the worse appear The better reason. View more context for this quotation 1684 T. Otway Atheist i. 5 Do you despise your own Manna indeed, and long after Quails? 1777 D. Garrick Let. 14 Sept. in D. Garrick & G. Spencer Lett. (1960) 109 The whole town are waiting..for the manna of good news from the Howes. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) ix. 103 You see in me..the benefactor of your race;..the preserver of your brother, who is fed with manna daily from my table. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xxiv. 389 The food was not very good,..but it was manna to the castaways. 1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 13 Here were action troops: the implication of a new striking force..were manna to all the..wishful-thinkers of the period. 1987 Sunday Express Mag. 31 May 38/1 Any entertainment is a thrill but this, this is manna from heaven. 1998 Grocer 12 Sept. 18/2 His regular, technicoloured prose has been manna from heaven for hungry headline writers. †c. A valuable staple of food. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner i. ii. xxiii. 55 It is us'd in the Winter time to cover Fig-Trees, Artichokes, Succories, Selery, &c. Which are all Manna's of great Value in Gard'ning. 1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner ii. vi. vi. 194 Lettuces are Plants that are..commonly seen in our Kitchen-Gardens, and are indeed the most useful Manna of them. II. Other uses. 3. a. A dried, sweet exudate or gum produced by various plants when cut, damaged, or punctured; esp. one rich in mannitol exuded from the branches of the manna ash (see Compounds 1), which has been used medicinally as a mild laxative, or (Australian) one exuded from trees of the genus Eucalyptus. Cf. dew n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > plant-derived scammonyc1000 lign-aloesc1374 hiera picra1379 rhubarbc1390 aloea1398 cassia fistulaa1398 coloquintidaa1398 senec1400 turpethc1400 coloquintc1420 diagrydium1436 lignum aloes1525 rhabarbarum1533 xylaloes1540 manna1541 scilla1548 hyera?1550 emblic1555 diasenna1562 colocynth1565 tragonce1575 pinyon1577 mechoacan1587 lignum aquilae1600 gamboge1615 dragon-root1621 helleborism1621 diaprune1625 alhandal1630 makinboy1652 luskard1653 diagrydiate1657 physic nut1657 aloetic1661 scammoniate1665 jalap1675 aloedary1683 coloquinto1683 Briançon manna1688 liquorice powder1712 coloquintid1732 castor oil1746 senna-tea1752 higry pigry1773 Turkey rhubarb1789 argel1803 hickery-pickery1816 cathartin1823 aloin1828 croton oil1829 jalapin1832 syrmaea1833 bryonin1836 gambogic acid1837 Podophyllum1844 podophyllin1851 geropiga1852 hicra picra1857 Montpellier turpeth1860 picra1860 tallicoona oil1866 scammonin1868 pharbitisin1873 cascara sagrada1879 senna-draught1879 tambor-oil1890 syrup of figs1897 pharbitin1899 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 137^v Dewe..is..cause of hony and of manna in herbis and floures. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 182 (MED) Resolue þeron cassia fistula..thamarindorum, manne..& boile hem a litil togidere. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 101 Þere ben hilles where men geten gret plente of Manna, in gretter habundance þan in ony other contree. This Manna is clept bred of aungeles & it is a white þing þat is full swete & right delicyous. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 58 Pourgers of Choler:..Manna vi drammes at the leaste, and soo to xxv, in the brothe of a henne or capon. 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.ii/2 Manna is a dewe thicked, and fallynge in certayne places vpon trees,..and vsed for purgations. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 4 Upon the Mount Libanus..you may find the Manna, or Celestial dew, which I..took for snow. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 241 This Manna is White and Granulated, and..I think not inferior to the Calabrian. 1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Oct. 4/1 Lately imported, and to be sold by Mr. Samuel Eveleigh, sundry sorts of Druggs viz. Nuz Vomica, Cantharides, Jesuits Bark, Senna, Manna, [etc.]. 1764 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Godson (1890) 354 I made him take a little manna, which has done him good. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 764/2 Some manna was gathered from the green leaves [of a pine], but it could never be condensed. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 443 It [sc. the juice of the birch tree] is easily obtained by wounding the trunk, and when fresh is a sweetish and limpid fluid, in its concrete state affording a brownish manna. 1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. 203 A species of our eucalyptus produces also the finest manna, and that in very considerable abundance. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 92 The Manna of Arabia is produced by several species of Hedysarum. 1889 G. S. Boulger Uses of Plants 103 Fraxinus Ornus..is the chief source of a mild laxative, Manna. 1903 Bulletin (Sydney) 31 Jan. 36/1 When..the ‘manna’ ran down the grey gums, we have sometimes caught froggies..by creeping up to the tree where they were feasting. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 816/1 Manna of good quality dissolves at ordinary temperatures in about 6 parts of water, forming a clear liquid. 1977 E. Stirling & N. H. Richardson Memories Aberfeldy 10 All the girls, big and little, went walking, gathering wildflowers..and manna in the season. 1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 12 Does the liver seek its medicament in sugar, manna, honey, or a polypody fern? 1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) (at cited word) Manna also refers to resins produced by two plants called camel's thorns (Alhagi maurorum and A. pseudalhagi)..native to Turkey. b. With distinguishing word: a particular form or kind of manna (sense 3a), spec. that obtained from the manna ash.Australian, Briançon, Persian manna, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Manne de Calabre, Calabrian Manna; the best and most lasting Manna... Manne de Cotton..the worse kind of Leuant Manna, and the worst of all others. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening v. 101 The Manna of Calabria, and of Briancon, are only the Transudation of a Humour that breaths out of..Larch-Trees. 1727–41 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Formerly the Syrian manna was in the most repute, but now it gives way to the Calabrian. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 537/2 The larger pieces, called flake manna, are usually preferred. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 538/2 This is the best kind, and by the people of [Sicily] is called lachrymatory or cane manna. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 176 It is collected in baskets, and known under the name of manna grassa, fat manna... A finer kind of manna is procured, which is called canulated or flaky manna, manna in cannoli. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. at Fat Fat manna, a variety of manna in the form of soft, viscous brown masses, with many impurities, exuding late in the season, and containing much less mannite and more gum and sugar than the flake manna. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 571/2 This sweetish material is sold in the form of flakes (flake manna), fragments (common manna), or thick droplets (fat manna). †c. manna in sorts n. [compare French manne en sortes (1765); New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon (1892) at Manna records also Latin manna in sortibus] an impure form of the manna obtained from the manna ash, which consists of small crystalline fragments of exudate embedded in a soft viscid mass. manna in tears n. [compare French manne en larmes (1723), so called because it condenses into pieces resembling tears] a very pure form of the manna obtained from the manna ash, consisting of irregular pieces of exudate which have hardened on the tree. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. II. (at cited word) Manna is generally distinguished into different kinds, viz. the manna in tears, the canulated and flaky manna, and the common brown or fat manna. 1853 J. F. Royle Man. Materia Med. (ed. 2) 542 Manna in tears is a pure kind, in bright and roundish white grains... Inferior kinds are in smaller pieces,..and often intermixed with impurities. These are called Manna in sorts, Fat Manna, Tolfa Manna, &c. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 823/2 The inferior [kind], or ‘manna in sorts’ [is obtained] from cuts [in the stem of the Ash] near the ground. d. A dried sugary substance produced by the feeding activities of aphids, scale insects, or psyllids, either as excreted honeydew or as a plant exudate; esp. a honey-like substance produced when the scale insect Trabutina mannipara feeds on the sap of the Middle Eastern tamarisk Tamarix mannifera, or (Australian) sweet scales secreted by the larvae of psyllids feeding on the leaves of eucalypts, etc. (= lerp n.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Psyllidae > secretion produced by larvae manna1808 lerp1848 1808 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1921) 3rd Ser. I. 692 An insect which produces very fine Manna. 1822 Asiatick Researches 14 182 (title) Description of a substance called Gez or Manna, and the insect producing it. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i ii. 69 Feathery tamarisks..on whose leaves is found what the Arabs call manna. 1923 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 697 His figure of the ‘manna’ shows a viscid reddish mass, dependent from the infested tamarisk branches... He describes the so-called ‘manna’ as a flaky accumulation of white waxy matter resulting from filaments secreted and shed by the insects. 1927 Bulletin (Sydney) 21 July 27/2 Victoria has two substances commonly known as manna... The second kind is found chiefly in the Mallee... It..is secreted by the pupa of an insect known as Psylla eucalypti on the leaves of the mallee scrub. 1962 C. L. Metcalf et al. Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 4) ii. 61 The manna or sugary honeydew excreted by aphids and scale insects..is used as a sweet by peasants of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. 1969 Victorian Year Bk. 83 10 Lerp insects (Psyllidae) often secrete scale~like coverings (lerps) in the nymph stage, those of Spondyliaspis eucalypti on gum leaves being known as ‘manna’. 1972 L. E. Chadwick tr. W. Linsenmaier Insects of World 118/2 The honeydew of the tamarisk manna scale (Trabutina mannipara)..has long been used as a food-stuff and apparently is the manna referred to in the Bible... The honeydew of aphids and of cicadines often is also called manna. †4. [See etymological note.] Frankincense in grains; a grain of frankincense. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific > grain of manna?a1425 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 72^v Þe medecene..is made, after Galien, of yreos ylirica..manna, þat is, þus minute [?c1425 Paris mannis, i. smal frank ensence; L. manna, quod est, thus minutum], astrologia, [etc.]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 367 As for the small crums or fragments [of incense] which fall off by shaking, we called Manna, (i. Thuris). 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Manna Thuris, the Manna of Frankincense, a term used by the ancient physicians to express such small pieces of frankincense..as broke off..in carriage. †5. Chemistry. A white powder or residue. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical processes (general) > that which remains after residence1555 residue1586 manna1694 sublimate1822 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 253/2 This is the same Medicine which is called Manna of Lead by Schroder. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Chymical Manna, a Substance distill'd from Precipitate, whiter than Snow. †6. In full Poland (also Polish) manna [compare French manne de Pologne (18th cent.), German deutsches Manna, brandenburgisches Manna, polnisches Manna] . = manna seeds n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains buckwheat1548 brank1577 bullimong1578 sesame1600 block-wheat1611 fundi1670 kurakkan1681 manna seeds1764 manna1780 teff1790 bajra1813 semsem1866 sesame grain1867 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > manna-grass seeds manna seeds1764 manna1780 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > manna-grass and allies > seeds of Poland (also Polish) manna1864 1780 Farmer's Mag. Oct. 296 The vegetable productions of Poland are..peculiar to itself, particularly a kind of manna (if it can be called a vegetable) which in May and June the inhabitants sweep into sieves with the dew. 1783 W. F. Mavor Geogr. Mag. 2 101 The Polish manna is collected, in the months of June and July, from an herb which grows very plentifully in the meadows and marshy grounds. 1831 W. J. Hooker Brit. Flora (ed. 2) 43 The seeds [of Poa fluitans] constitute the Manna of our shops, and they are gathered abundantly in Holland, where..they are used as food. 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 308/1 They [sc. the seeds]..are very palatable and nutritious, and are known in shops as Polish Manna, Manna Seeds, and Manna Croup. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 718/2 Manna, Poland. Glyceria fluitans. †7. colloquial. Mayflies (collectively). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) I. ix. 284 Between the 10th and 15th of August is the time when those [Ephemerae] of the Seine and Marne..are expected by the fishermen, who call them manna. 1864 Intellectual Observer No. 33. 151 Ephemeræ..commonly known by the name of Manna. 8. South African. Usually with distinguishing word: any of various kinds of millet, esp. any grass of the genus Setaria; spec. (in full Boer manna) any of certain strains of foxtail millet, S. italica, or (in full Kaffir manna) (now offensive) of bulrush millet, Pennisetum americanum. Also: the seeds of any of these grasses. Cf. manna-grass n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > plants used as fodder bullimong1313 podder1468 tare1482 greens1607 lucerne1652 esperate1659 esparcet1669 tare-thistle1753 buckwheat1776 mangel-wurzel1787 mangold1848 sacate1848 sacaton1865 mangel-wurzel potato1875 mutter1875 ramon1885 cattle-bush1889 manna1897 beech-wheat- the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > grasses used for hay or pasture windlestrawc1000 red grass1582 spring grass1643 sweet-grass1709 herd-grass1747 Guinea grass1756 vernal grass1762 vernal1771 Paspalum1772 buffalo grass1784 Rhode Island bent1790 red-top1792 finetop1824 kangaroo-grass1827 gamagrass1831 sweet vernal grass1839 yellow-top1839 grama1844 sesame grass1845 sacate1848 Para grass1850 Hungarian1859 alfilaria1860 sacaton1865 Mitchell grass1867 teosinte1877 Landsborough grass1883 turnip-grass1889 brown top1891 ichu1891 manna1897 Rhodes grass1903 Sudan1911 Kikuyu grass1913 never-fail1923 buffel grass1955 1897 Agric. Jrnl. (Dept. Agric. Cape Good Hope) 21 Jan. 108 You have done the sensible thing in sending a specimen of your so-called Manna for identification... Well, it is Setaria italica, Beauv., in one of its varieties. 1933 S. & E. Afr. Year Bk. & Guide 278 The most important hay crops are derived from: Lucerne (Medicago sativa);..Paspalum (Paspalum virgatum); and Manna (Setaria spp.). 1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 505/1 The term ‘manna’ has been loosely applied to certain cereal seeds, e.g. ‘Boer manna’ and ‘Kaffir manna’ are names used for millet. 1972 Encycl. Southern Afr. IV. 604/2 Millet. The best-known species are pearl millet..(Pennisetum typhoides), red Boer manna, white Boer manna (Setaria italica)..and prosomanna (Panicum miliaceum). 1972 Encycl. Southern Afr. VII. 415/2 Boer millet (Setaria italica) is known by the following synonyms: small-seeded strains—‘manna’, foxtail,..or German millet..large-seeded strains—golden millet. 1978 Dict. S. Afr. Eng. 143/2 Manna, various millets usu. in compounds, boer ∼ Setaria italica, also called Italian millet; red/rooi ∼, white/wit ∼, yellow/geel ∼ all Kaffer ∼ (q.v.) Pennisetum americanum also babala grass. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. manna dew n. ΚΠ 1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Ld. Hastynges sig. O.iii^v The Manna dew, that in the easterne lands, Excellth the laboure of the bees small hands. a1678 A. Marvell Upon Appleton House in Misc. Poems (1681) 90 But now, to make his saying true, Rails rain for Quails, for Manna Dew. 1819 J. Keats La Belle Dame vii She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew. 1992 T. Hughes Rain-charm for Duchy 6 In the relief of light, the Dream of the Lion Dropping from air as manna dew, Cleansing all, condensed on you. manna-meal n. ΚΠ 1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth IV. xxvi. 118 They partook of this manna-meal,—this food that seemed to have dropped from heaven. b. manna-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307 There are several other manna-yielding plants besides the ash, especially the manna-bearing Eucalyptus. manna-eating adj. ΚΠ 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xvii. 218 The physical death, died by the manna-eating fathers. manna-yielding adj. ΚΠ 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307 There are several other manna-yielding plants besides the ash. C2. manna ash n. an ash tree with fragrant white flowers, Fraxinus ornus, which is native to southern Europe and South West Asia and was formerly much cultivated in Sicily and Calabria for the manna it exudes; also called flowering ash. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > ash and allies > [noun] ashc700 fraynec1325 wood-browna1400 wild ash1552 white ash1578 manna tree1665 black ash1673 white ash1683 water ash1709 manna ash1715 hoop-ash1763 red ash1773 shrew-ash1776 blue ash1783 swamp ash1794 weeping ash1807 green ash1810 cockscomb ash1850 Oregon ash1857 1715 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 238 This..more resembles our Manna Ash. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 July 3/1 The slanting lights which played through manna-ash, acacia-hedge, and tamarisk. 1987 K. Rushforth Tree Planting & Managem. (1990) 172/2 Manna ash is one of the species with showy flowers; these are white and carried in late May. manna groats n. = manna croup n. ΚΠ 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 307/2 Manna groats, a kind of semolina, prepared in Russia, usually from the hard wheats of Odessa and Taganrog... Another kind is made by husking the small grain of the aquatic grass, Glyceria fluitans. manna gum n. any of several eucalypts which exude manna, esp. Eucalyptus viminalis; in full manna-gum tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > eucalyptus trees yellow box1662 gum tree1676 white gum tree1733 whip-stick1782 peppermint1790 red gum tree1790 red mahogany1798 white gum1798 box1801 blue gum1802 eucalyptus1809 box tree1819 black-butted gum1820 bloodwood1827 white ash1830 blackbutt1833 morrel1837 mountain ash1837 mallee scrub1845 apple gum1846 flooded gum1847 Moreton Bay ash1847 mallee1848 swamp gum1852 box-gum1855 manna gum1855 white top1856 river gum1860 grey box1861 woolly butt1862 marlock1863 fever tree1867 red ironbark1867 river white gum1867 karri1870 yellow jacket1876 eucalypt1877 yapunyah1878 coolibah1879 scribbly gum1883 forest mahogany1884 yellow jack1884 rose gum1885 Jimmy Low1887 nankeen gum1889 slaty gum1889 sugar-gum1889 apple box1890 Murray red gum1895 creek-gum1898 eucalyptian1901 forest red gum1904 river red gum1920 napunyah1921 whitewash gum1923 ghost gum1928 snow gum1928 Sydney blue gum1932 salmon gum1934 lapunyah1940 1855 J. Bonwick Geogr. Austral. & N.Z. (ed. 3) 201 The chief of these are the..manna, poplar, and mountain Gum trees. 1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 74 E[ucalyptus] viminalis—Manna Gum;..Flooded Gum.—An elegant tree, attaining a height of 150 feet and a diameter of 8 feet. 1887 Colonial & Indian Exhib., London 1886: Rep. Colonial Sections 420 Other noble trees, as the Blue, White, Red, Swamp, Water-rooted and Manna-drooping Gums. 1937 Discovery Dec. 364/2 The Greater Gliding 'Possum..feeds also on several other eucalypts, particularly manna-gum and long-leafed box. 1982 K. Hueneke Huts of High Country 189 Further up the track we passed under some manna gums... These eucalypts exude a sugary resin which is edible though it may not be enough to save a starving skier. manna lichen n. any of several edible lichens of the genus Sphaerothallia (esp. S. esculenta), found in arid regions of western Asia and North Africa, which are sometimes identified with the manna of the Bible. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > other lichens cup-moss1597 ground liverwort1597 Usnea1597 perelle1712 oak moss1728 necklace moss1759 rag1759 thrush-lichen1759 Iceland lichen1777 Iceland moss1785 map lichen1796 scripture-wort1835 letter lichen1846 dog lichen1853 fairy cups1855 velvet moss1858 manna lichen1864 tree-hair1866 famine-bread1887 old man's beard1888 sea ivory1966 1864 Reader No. 85. 205/2 Authors who have described the manna-lichen. 1983 D. L. Hawksworth et al. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dict. Fungi (ed. 7) 358/2 Sphaerothallia... The ‘manna lichens’. S. esculenta..may be one of the types of manna in The Bible, and can be used in bread production. † manna-mead n. Obsolete a fermented beverage obtained from manna. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > from grain or cassava chicha1581 pombe1625 boza1656 saké1687 mishla1697 manna-mead1753 piwari1769 marua1847 mirin1874 tiswin1877 merissa1884 waragi1916 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Manna,..the spirituous part of the manna-mead. manna seeds n. the seeds of manna-grass (floating sweetgrass), Glyceria fluitans, formerly used as food in parts of Europe. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains buckwheat1548 brank1577 bullimong1578 sesame1600 block-wheat1611 fundi1670 kurakkan1681 manna seeds1764 manna1780 teff1790 bajra1813 semsem1866 sesame grain1867 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > manna-grass seeds manna seeds1764 manna1780 1764 Museum Rusticum 2 lxxxviii. 300 The seeds of this grass [sc. flote fescue] are gathered yearly in Poland,..and sold under the name of manna-seeds. 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 308/1 They [sc. the seeds]..are very palatable and nutritious, and are known in shops as Polish Manna, Manna Seeds, and Manna Croup. manna sugar n. = mannitol n. ΚΠ 1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 906 Mannite; Manna-Sugar. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 816/1 Mannitol or manna sugar, a hexatomic alcohol, C₆H₈(OH)₆. 1995 J. B. Harborne & H. Baxter Phytochem. Dict. (rev. ed.) 476/2 D-Mannitol; Mannitol;..Manna sugar; Mannite; [etc.]. manna tree n. (a) = manna ash n.; (b) = manna gum n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > ash and allies > [noun] ashc700 fraynec1325 wood-browna1400 wild ash1552 white ash1578 manna tree1665 black ash1673 white ash1683 water ash1709 manna ash1715 hoop-ash1763 red ash1773 shrew-ash1776 blue ash1783 swamp ash1794 weeping ash1807 green ash1810 cockscomb ash1850 Oregon ash1857 1665 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια (ed. 2) 61 Succiferous, or Juice yielding; as the Ammoniacktree Metopion. Acacia. Mannatree. 1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta II. xxxv. 279 The manna-tree is esteemed the most profitable. 1834 G. Bennett Wanderings New S. Wales I. xvi. 319 The elegant drooping manna-trees..were numerous. 1972 T. Keneally Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith ii. 9 That there, Jimmie,..is a manna tree. It has a hard sweet gum that can be eaten. Derivatives † manna'd adj. Obsolete containing or composed of manna; sweetened as with manna, honeyed. ΚΠ 1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) i. xiv. 15 With liquid Rock to stream a springless Land, Call manna'd Harvests from th'unfruitful Sand, And save, and bless you, with a mighty Hand? 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad ix. 377 Enraged, he sees..each, for some base interest of his own, With Flattery's manna'd lips assail the throne. ˈmanna-like adj. ΚΠ 1874 L. Carr Judith Gwynne I. vii. 235 As he listened to these manna-like words. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mannan.² Forms: Middle English manaa, 1600s–1700s manna. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin manna; Greek μάννα, μαναά. Etymology: < post-classical Latin manna and its etymon Hellenistic Greek μάννα (Septuagint, at Jeremiah 17:26, translated by oblatio in the Vulgate, and at Baruch 1:10, translated by manna in the Vulgate), variant of μαναά (Septuagint; < Hebrew minḥāh offering, sacrifice: see Mincha n.) after μάννα manna n.¹ Obsolete. rare. Among the people of ancient Israel: a cereal offering (as opposed to an animal sacrifice).For quot. 1611 (and, following it, quot. a1699), see meat offering n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] ofleteeOE almousOE houselOE yieldOE lakeOE offeringOE offeranda1225 sacrificea1300 hosta1340 sacrifyingc1374 mannaa1382 incense1382 oblationc1425 hostie1483 obleya1500 sacrificy?c1510 immolation1534 offerture1537 offrage1548 mactation1563 offertory1596 sacrificing1601 litation1623 elibation1656 sacrification1694 sacrificature1779 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Baruch i. 10 Makeþ manaa [a1425 L.V. sacrifice; L. manna]. 1611 Bible (King James) Baruch i. 10 Prepare yee Manna. [Margin] Gk. corruptly for Mincha, a meat offering. a1699 I. Abendana Disc. Eccl. & Civil Polity of Jews (1706) iv. 118 The Captives of Babylon..sent Money to their Brethren at Jerusalem, wherewithal they might buy them Burnt-Offerings..and prepare them Manna, (for so 'tis read corruptly for Mincha a Meat-Offering). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹eOEn.²a1382
随便看	emotionality emotionalization emotionalize emotionalized emotionalizes emotionalizing emotionally emotionarousing emotionate emotioncharged emotioned emotioning emotionize emotionladen emotionless emotionlessly emotionlessness emotionlessnesses emotionprovoking emotions emotionshaken emotive emotive theory emotively emotiveness

mannan.1

Compounds

Derivatives

† mannan.2

mannan.¹

† mannan.²