† awendv.

Forms: Old English awændan, Old English awænt (3rd singular present indicative), Old English awendan, Old English awens (2nd singular present indicative), Old English awentst (2nd singular present indicative), Old English awęndan, Old English awoenda (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English awenst (2nd singular present indicative), Old English–early Middle English awent (3rd singular present indicative), late Old English æwendan (Kentish), early Middle English auuende (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English awænde (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English awende, Middle English awande (in copy of Old English charter); also past tense Old English awænde, Old English awennde (rare), Old English awęnde, Old English–early Middle English awende, early Middle English auenede (probably transmission error); also past participle Old English awænd, Old English awennd (rare), Old English awęnd, Old English awoend (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English awend, late Old English awænt, late Old English æwend (Kentish), early Middle English awende, Middle English awent.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Apparently partly a word inherited from Germanic. Perhaps partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English onwendan ; i-wende v.

Etymology: Apparently originally (i) cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon awendian , Middle Dutch erwenden , both in the sense ‘to deflect, ward off’, Old High German irwenten to deflect, ward off, to turn back (Middle High German erwenden ), Gothic uswandjan to withdraw < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of wend v.¹ In some (especially later) uses perhaps also partly (ii) a reflex (with reduction of the prefix; compare a- prefix³) of Old English onwendan (early Middle English anwende ) to change, to overturn, to turn aside, to amend, to pervert, to return (see note), and partly (iii) a reflex (with reduction of the prefix; compare a- prefix²) of i-wende v.Old English onwendan is apparently cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch ontwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away, to escape, Old Saxon andwendian to take away (Middle Low German entwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away), Middle High German entwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away (German entwenden , now only in the sense ‘to take away’) < the Germanic base of and- prefix + the Germanic base of wend v.¹ Middle English (past participle) awend, awent (especially in the later uses at sense 2) could alternatively be interpreted as showing a variant of i-wend , i-went , past participle of wend v.¹ (compare a- prefix²). Compare also i-wende v.

Obsolete.

I. To turn, to move, and related senses.Apparently rare after Old English.

1. transitive. To turn (something in a certain direction); to change the position or orientation of (something); to move.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > turn (something) to a (different) direction > turn away

awendOE

to turn awaya1225

wryc1400

reversec1540

evert1569

avert1578

nurture1627

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 145 Drihten wæs gefæstnod, mid feower nægelum, to westdæle awend, and his wynstra heold ðone scynendan suðdæl, and his swiðra norðdæl.

OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) cxvi. 44 Ðonne þu blechorn habban wille, þonne hafa þu þine þri fingras, swilce þu dypan wille, and awend þine hand adune and clyce þine fingras.

lOE Agreement between Bp. Ælfwold & Care, son of Toki (Sawyer 1474) in M. A. O'Donovan Charters of Sherborne (1988) 59 Si he awend fram Gode on domesdæg..& si he besenct on middan þam weallendan bryne helle wites.

2. intransitive. To turn, move, go; esp. to go away, depart. Also with away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

atwendOE

awayOE

to wend awayOE

awendOE

gangOE

rimeOE

flitc1175

to fare forthc1200

depart?c1225

part?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

biwitec1300

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to draw awayc1330

passc1330

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

voidc1374

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

waive1390

to pass out ofa1398

avoida1400

to pass awaya1400

to turn awaya1400

slakec1400

wagc1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

muck1429

packc1450

recede1450

roomc1450

to show (a person) the feetc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

devoidc1485

rebatea1500

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

to go one's ways1530

retire?1543

avaunt1549

to make out1558

trudge1562

vade?1570

fly1581

leave1593

wag1594

to get off1595

to go off1600

to put off1600

shog1600

troop1600

to forsake patch1602

exit1607

hence1614

to give offa1616

to take off1657

to move off1692

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

sheera1704

to go about one's business1749

mizzle1772

to move out1792

transit1797–1803

stump it1803

to run away1809

quit1811

to clear off1816

to clear out1816

nash1819

fuff1822

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

mosey1829

slope1830

to tail out1830

to walk one's chalks1835

to take away1838

shove1844

trot1847

fade1848

evacuate1849

shag1851

to get up and get1854

to pull out1855

to cut (the) cable(s)1859

to light out1859

to pick up1872

to sling one's Daniel or hook1873

to sling (also take) one's hook1874

smoke1893

screw1896

shoot1897

voetsak1897

to tootle off1902

to ship out1908

to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909

to push off1918

to bugger off1922

biff1923

to fuck off1929

to hit, split or take the breeze1931

to jack off1931

to piss offa1935

to do a mick1937

to take a walk1937

to head off1941

to take a hike1944

moulder1945

to chuff off1947

to get lost1947

to shoot through1947

skidoo1949

to sod off1950

peel1951

bug1952

split1954

poop1961

mugger1962

frig1965

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]

to come awayeOE

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

awayOE

dealc1000

goOE

awendOE

rimeOE

to go one's wayOE

flitc1175

depart?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

to turn awaya1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

recede1450

roomc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

avaunt1549

trudge1562

vade?1570

discoast1571

leave1593

wag1594

to go off1600

troop1600

hence1614

to set on one's foota1616

to pull up one's stumps1647

quit1811

to clear out1816

slope1830

to walk one's chalks1835

shove1844

to roll out1850

to pull out1855

to light out1859

to take a run-out powder1909

to push off (also along)1923

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > revert [verb (intransitive)]

awendOE

recommence1481

relieve?1510

turn1594

remigrate1601

to cast back1622

recounter1630

regress1650

retrovert1782

to turn round1802

retrogress1860

to turn back1886

U-turn1973

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 208 Þa awende se encgel aweg mid þam cnapum.

c1300 St. Kenelm (Harl.) l. 322 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 56 Vyf myle wei hi were awend.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 9117 Octa sende his sonde..after þe Alemains þat a-chaped were, þat were to wode a-wend [c1275 Calig. iwende].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 229 (MED) Whanne þey knewe þat legiouns of Rome were awent, þey destroyede þe endes of Bretayne more boldeliche.

3. In spiritual, moral, or intellectual contexts.

a. transitive. To turn or direct (someone) to, or deflect or dissuade (someone) from, God, God's will, a good or evil way of life, etc. Also reflexive (cf. sense 3b).With God, the way of life, etc., specified following a preposition, e.g. awende hine sylfne to Gode ‘turn himself to God’.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 299 Hwæt bið æfre swa stuntlic swa þæt se ealda nelle his mod to Gode awendan [a1225 Lamb. 487 awendan].

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1067 Se kyng..awende hine sylfne to Gode, & ælce unsiuernysse oferhogode.

lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 95 He bæd swiðe inweardlice for þæt dysige folc..þæt God sceolde awænde heora mod to his willan.

b. intransitive. To embrace or shun a particular moral influence or way of life, etc.With the way of life, etc., specified following a preposition, e.g. awende on yfel ‘turn to evil’.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 Þæt teoðe werod abreað & awende on yfel [lOE Vesp. D.xiv awende on yfel].

OE Lambeth Psalter xxxiii. 15 Diuerte a malo et fac bonum : awend uel gecyr fram yfle & do god.

4. transitive. To avert, ward off (something undesirable).

ΚΠ

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xi. 65 Heo [sc. the plant] awendeð [?a1200 Harl. 6258B awendeþ] yfelra manna eagan.

OE Lambeth Psalter lxxxiv. 5 Auerte iram tuam a nobis : awænd þinne graman fram us.

II. To change, to transform, and related senses.

a. transitive. To make (something) different in some particular; to change, alter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)]

wharvec897

wendOE

i-wendeOE

awendOE

aturn?c1225

biwrixle?c1225

changec1225

turnc1225

shifta1325

vary1340

inchangea1382

strange1390

altera1398

alterate?a1425

permute?a1425

difference1481

renewc1515

alienate1534

wrixlec1540

to chop and change1557

variate1566

palter1587

permutate1598

immute1613

unmake1616

unsame1632

chop1644

veer1647

variegatea1690

refract1700

mutabilatea1704

commute1825

stranger1863

switch1919

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)]

wendOE

forshapeOE

workOE

awendOE

makec1175

turna1200

forwenda1325

change1340

shape1362

transmewc1374

transposec1380

puta1382

convertc1384

exchangea1400

remue?a1400

makea1425

reduce?a1425

removec1425

resolvea1450

transvertc1450

overchangec1480

mew1512

transmutea1513

wring1524

reduct1548

transform1556

innovate1561

metamorphose1576

transume1579

metamorphize1587

transmove1590

transchangea1599

transfashion1601

deflect1613

fordo1624

entail1628

transmutate1632

distila1637

to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637

transqualify1652

unconvert1654

simulate1658

spend1668

transverse1687

hocus-pocus1774

mutate1796

fancy1801

to change around1871

metamorphosize1888

catalyse1944

morph1996

OE Homily: Invention of Cross (Auct. F.4.32) in M.-C. Bodden Old Eng. Finding of True Cross 95 Se biscop Iudas naman awænde & hine het Quiriacum sioððen he gefullad wæs.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 18 Wit habbæþ hider ibroht þe unc god ælmihtiȝ þurh hine..uncorne anwlite þus awende, þæs nome is dauid.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 988 Heora aȝene speke Troinisce, & seoððen heo hit cleopeden Brutunisc, ah Englisce men hit habbed [emended in ed. to habbeð] awend.

b. transitive. With negative connotations: to alter (something) so as to distort or pervert the intended meaning, proper purpose, etc.

ΚΠ

eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) Prol. 88 Þætte nænig ealdormonna ne us undergeðeodedra æfter þam wære awendende ðas ure domas.

OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 66 Ic bidde ðone waldend.., þæt ne sy nan to þæs cwidol wif ne to þæs cræftig man þæt awendan ne mæge worud [read word] þus gecwedene.

a1425 (?OE) Royal Charter: Ælfred to Shaftesbury Abbey (Sawyer 357) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Shaftesbury Abbey (1996) 29 Loke hwa þeses awande habbe he Godes curs et Sainte Marien and alle Godes haleges ac on ecnesse.

a. transitive. To change (someone or something) into an entirely different substance; to transform. Also reflexive (cf. sense 6b).With the new substance specified following to, e.g. awend to anum sealtstane ‘turned into a pillar of salt’.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 187 He awende [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii awende] wæter to wine & eode ofer sæ, mid drium fotum.

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xix. 26 Þa beseah Lothes wif unwislice underbæc, & wearð sona awend to anum sealtstane.

OE Lambeth Psalter civ. 29 Conuertit aquas eorum in sanguinem et occidit pisces eorum : he awænde wæteru heora on blode & he ofsloh fiscas heora.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 81 Þe king of heuene..auenede him in to his iscefte.

b. intransitive. To be changed or transformed into an entirely different substance.With the new substance specified following to, e.g. ðu awenst to duste ‘thou shalt turn to dust’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > be transformed [verb (intransitive)]

wortheOE

awendOE

golOE

turnc1275

changec1300

runc1384

to run into ——c1384

fare1398

writhea1400

transmewc1400

returnc1475

transume1480

convert1549

transform1597

remove1655

transeate1657

transmute1675

make1895

metamorphose1904

shapeshift1927

metamorphize1943

metamorphosize1967

morph1992

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxx. 265 Ðæra rihtwisra gewinn awent to blisse, and ðæra arleasra bliss to biterum sarnyssum.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 183 Þu eart of eorðan genumen, & þu awenst to eorðan. Þu eart dust, & ðu awentst to duste [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii awenst to duste].

7. transitive. To translate or paraphrase (a text, passage, etc.).

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 9 Siððan min on englisc Ælfred kyning awende worda gehwelc, and me his writerum sende.

c1175 ( Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Bodl.) 31 Þas ðreo bec us secgað hu heo syððan ferdon ofer þet widgille wæsten..; & we hit habbað awend witodlice on Englisc [OE Laud we habbað awend witodlice on Englisc.]

c1225 (?OE) Homily: Sicut Oves absque Pastore (Worcester F.174) in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 1 [S]anctus beda was iboren her on breotene mid us & he wisliche [writen] awende þat þeo englisc leoden þurh weren ilerde.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	awend
释义	† awendv. Forms: Old English awændan, Old English awænt (3rd singular present indicative), Old English awendan, Old English awens (2nd singular present indicative), Old English awentst (2nd singular present indicative), Old English awęndan, Old English awoenda (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English awenst (2nd singular present indicative), Old English–early Middle English awent (3rd singular present indicative), late Old English æwendan (Kentish), early Middle English auuende (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English awænde (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English awende, Middle English awande (in copy of Old English charter); also past tense Old English awænde, Old English awennde (rare), Old English awęnde, Old English–early Middle English awende, early Middle English auenede (probably transmission error); also past participle Old English awænd, Old English awennd (rare), Old English awęnd, Old English awoend (Northumbrian), Old English–early Middle English awend, late Old English awænt, late Old English æwend (Kentish), early Middle English awende, Middle English awent. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Apparently partly a word inherited from Germanic. Perhaps partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English onwendan ; i-wende v. Etymology: Apparently originally (i) cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon awendian , Middle Dutch erwenden , both in the sense ‘to deflect, ward off’, Old High German irwenten to deflect, ward off, to turn back (Middle High German erwenden ), Gothic uswandjan to withdraw < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of wend v.¹ In some (especially later) uses perhaps also partly (ii) a reflex (with reduction of the prefix; compare a- prefix³) of Old English onwendan (early Middle English anwende ) to change, to overturn, to turn aside, to amend, to pervert, to return (see note), and partly (iii) a reflex (with reduction of the prefix; compare a- prefix²) of i-wende v.Old English onwendan is apparently cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch ontwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away, to escape, Old Saxon andwendian to take away (Middle Low German entwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away), Middle High German entwenden to deflect, to ward off, to take away (German entwenden , now only in the sense ‘to take away’) < the Germanic base of and- prefix + the Germanic base of wend v.¹ Middle English (past participle) awend, awent (especially in the later uses at sense 2) could alternatively be interpreted as showing a variant of i-wend , i-went , past participle of wend v.¹ (compare a- prefix²). Compare also i-wende v. Obsolete. I. To turn, to move, and related senses.Apparently rare after Old English. 1. transitive. To turn (something in a certain direction); to change the position or orientation of (something); to move. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > turn (something) to a (different) direction > turn away awendOE to turn awaya1225 wryc1400 reversec1540 evert1569 avert1578 nurture1627 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 145 Drihten wæs gefæstnod, mid feower nægelum, to westdæle awend, and his wynstra heold ðone scynendan suðdæl, and his swiðra norðdæl. OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) cxvi. 44 Ðonne þu blechorn habban wille, þonne hafa þu þine þri fingras, swilce þu dypan wille, and awend þine hand adune and clyce þine fingras. lOE Agreement between Bp. Ælfwold & Care, son of Toki (Sawyer 1474) in M. A. O'Donovan Charters of Sherborne (1988) 59 Si he awend fram Gode on domesdæg..& si he besenct on middan þam weallendan bryne helle wites. 2. intransitive. To turn, move, go; esp. to go away, depart. Also with away. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE atwendOE awayOE to wend awayOE awendOE gangOE rimeOE flitc1175 to fare forthc1200 depart?c1225 part?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 biwitec1300 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to draw awayc1330 passc1330 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 voidc1374 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 waive1390 to pass out ofa1398 avoida1400 to pass awaya1400 to turn awaya1400 slakec1400 wagc1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 muck1429 packc1450 recede1450 roomc1450 to show (a person) the feetc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 devoidc1485 rebatea1500 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 to go one's ways1530 retire?1543 avaunt1549 to make out1558 trudge1562 vade?1570 fly1581 leave1593 wag1594 to get off1595 to go off1600 to put off1600 shog1600 troop1600 to forsake patch1602 exit1607 hence1614 to give offa1616 to take off1657 to move off1692 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 sheera1704 to go about one's business1749 mizzle1772 to move out1792 transit1797–1803 stump it1803 to run away1809 quit1811 to clear off1816 to clear out1816 nash1819 fuff1822 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 mosey1829 slope1830 to tail out1830 to walk one's chalks1835 to take away1838 shove1844 trot1847 fade1848 evacuate1849 shag1851 to get up and get1854 to pull out1855 to cut (the) cable(s)1859 to light out1859 to pick up1872 to sling one's Daniel or hook1873 to sling (also take) one's hook1874 smoke1893 screw1896 shoot1897 voetsak1897 to tootle off1902 to ship out1908 to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909 to push off1918 to bugger off1922 biff1923 to fuck off1929 to hit, split or take the breeze1931 to jack off1931 to piss offa1935 to do a mick1937 to take a walk1937 to head off1941 to take a hike1944 moulder1945 to chuff off1947 to get lost1947 to shoot through1947 skidoo1949 to sod off1950 peel1951 bug1952 split1954 poop1961 mugger1962 frig1965 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] to come awayeOE wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE awayOE dealc1000 goOE awendOE rimeOE to go one's wayOE flitc1175 depart?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 to turn awaya1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 recede1450 roomc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 avaunt1549 trudge1562 vade?1570 discoast1571 leave1593 wag1594 to go off1600 troop1600 hence1614 to set on one's foota1616 to pull up one's stumps1647 quit1811 to clear out1816 slope1830 to walk one's chalks1835 shove1844 to roll out1850 to pull out1855 to light out1859 to take a run-out powder1909 to push off (also along)1923 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > revert [verb (intransitive)] awendOE recommence1481 relieve?1510 turn1594 remigrate1601 to cast back1622 recounter1630 regress1650 retrovert1782 to turn round1802 retrogress1860 to turn back1886 U-turn1973 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 208 Þa awende se encgel aweg mid þam cnapum. c1300 St. Kenelm (Harl.) l. 322 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 56 Vyf myle wei hi were awend. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 9117 Octa sende his sonde..after þe Alemains þat a-chaped were, þat were to wode a-wend [c1275 Calig. iwende]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 229 (MED) Whanne þey knewe þat legiouns of Rome were awent, þey destroyede þe endes of Bretayne more boldeliche. 3. In spiritual, moral, or intellectual contexts. a. transitive. To turn or direct (someone) to, or deflect or dissuade (someone) from, God, God's will, a good or evil way of life, etc. Also reflexive (cf. sense 3b).With God, the way of life, etc., specified following a preposition, e.g. awende hine sylfne to Gode ‘turn himself to God’. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 299 Hwæt bið æfre swa stuntlic swa þæt se ealda nelle his mod to Gode awendan [a1225 Lamb. 487 awendan]. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1067 Se kyng..awende hine sylfne to Gode, & ælce unsiuernysse oferhogode. lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 95 He bæd swiðe inweardlice for þæt dysige folc..þæt God sceolde awænde heora mod to his willan. b. intransitive. To embrace or shun a particular moral influence or way of life, etc.With the way of life, etc., specified following a preposition, e.g. awende on yfel ‘turn to evil’. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 Þæt teoðe werod abreað & awende on yfel [lOE Vesp. D.xiv awende on yfel]. OE Lambeth Psalter xxxiii. 15 Diuerte a malo et fac bonum : awend uel gecyr fram yfle & do god. 4. transitive. To avert, ward off (something undesirable). ΚΠ OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xi. 65 Heo [sc. the plant] awendeð [?a1200 Harl. 6258B awendeþ] yfelra manna eagan. OE Lambeth Psalter lxxxiv. 5 Auerte iram tuam a nobis : awænd þinne graman fram us. II. To change, to transform, and related senses. 5. a. transitive. To make (something) different in some particular; to change, alter. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] wharvec897 wendOE i-wendeOE awendOE aturn?c1225 biwrixle?c1225 changec1225 turnc1225 shifta1325 vary1340 inchangea1382 strange1390 altera1398 alterate?a1425 permute?a1425 difference1481 renewc1515 alienate1534 wrixlec1540 to chop and change1557 variate1566 palter1587 permutate1598 immute1613 unmake1616 unsame1632 chop1644 veer1647 variegatea1690 refract1700 mutabilatea1704 commute1825 stranger1863 switch1919 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] wendOE forshapeOE workOE awendOE makec1175 turna1200 forwenda1325 change1340 shape1362 transmewc1374 transposec1380 puta1382 convertc1384 exchangea1400 remue?a1400 makea1425 reduce?a1425 removec1425 resolvea1450 transvertc1450 overchangec1480 mew1512 transmutea1513 wring1524 reduct1548 transform1556 innovate1561 metamorphose1576 transume1579 metamorphize1587 transmove1590 transchangea1599 transfashion1601 deflect1613 fordo1624 entail1628 transmutate1632 distila1637 to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637 transqualify1652 unconvert1654 simulate1658 spend1668 transverse1687 hocus-pocus1774 mutate1796 fancy1801 to change around1871 metamorphosize1888 catalyse1944 morph1996 OE Homily: Invention of Cross (Auct. F.4.32) in M.-C. Bodden Old Eng. Finding of True Cross 95 Se biscop Iudas naman awænde & hine het Quiriacum sioððen he gefullad wæs. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 18 Wit habbæþ hider ibroht þe unc god ælmihtiȝ þurh hine..uncorne anwlite þus awende, þæs nome is dauid. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 988 Heora aȝene speke Troinisce, & seoððen heo hit cleopeden Brutunisc, ah Englisce men hit habbed [emended in ed. to habbeð] awend. b. transitive. With negative connotations: to alter (something) so as to distort or pervert the intended meaning, proper purpose, etc. ΚΠ eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) Prol. 88 Þætte nænig ealdormonna ne us undergeðeodedra æfter þam wære awendende ðas ure domas. OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 66 Ic bidde ðone waldend.., þæt ne sy nan to þæs cwidol wif ne to þæs cræftig man þæt awendan ne mæge worud [read word] þus gecwedene. a1425 (?OE) Royal Charter: Ælfred to Shaftesbury Abbey (Sawyer 357) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Shaftesbury Abbey (1996) 29 Loke hwa þeses awande habbe he Godes curs et Sainte Marien and alle Godes haleges ac on ecnesse. 6. a. transitive. To change (someone or something) into an entirely different substance; to transform. Also reflexive (cf. sense 6b).With the new substance specified following to, e.g. awend to anum sealtstane ‘turned into a pillar of salt’. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 187 He awende [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii awende] wæter to wine & eode ofer sæ, mid drium fotum. OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xix. 26 Þa beseah Lothes wif unwislice underbæc, & wearð sona awend to anum sealtstane. OE Lambeth Psalter civ. 29 Conuertit aquas eorum in sanguinem et occidit pisces eorum : he awænde wæteru heora on blode & he ofsloh fiscas heora. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 81 Þe king of heuene..auenede him in to his iscefte. b. intransitive. To be changed or transformed into an entirely different substance.With the new substance specified following to, e.g. ðu awenst to duste ‘thou shalt turn to dust’. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > be transformed [verb (intransitive)] wortheOE awendOE golOE turnc1275 changec1300 runc1384 to run into ——c1384 fare1398 writhea1400 transmewc1400 returnc1475 transume1480 convert1549 transform1597 remove1655 transeate1657 transmute1675 make1895 metamorphose1904 shapeshift1927 metamorphize1943 metamorphosize1967 morph1992 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxx. 265 Ðæra rihtwisra gewinn awent to blisse, and ðæra arleasra bliss to biterum sarnyssum. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 183 Þu eart of eorðan genumen, & þu awenst to eorðan. Þu eart dust, & ðu awentst to duste [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii awenst to duste]. 7. transitive. To translate or paraphrase (a text, passage, etc.). ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 9 Siððan min on englisc Ælfred kyning awende worda gehwelc, and me his writerum sende. c1175 ( Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Bodl.) 31 Þas ðreo bec us secgað hu heo syððan ferdon ofer þet widgille wæsten..; & we hit habbað awend witodlice on Englisc [OE Laud we habbað awend witodlice on Englisc.] c1225 (?OE) Homily: Sicut Oves absque Pastore (Worcester F.174) in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 1 [S]anctus beda was iboren her on breotene mid us & he wisliche [writen] awende þat þeo englisc leoden þurh weren ilerde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.eOE
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