† awkadj.adv.n.

/ɔːk/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s awke, 1500s–1600s auk(e, 1600s awck.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse afug.

Etymology: probably < Old Norse afug, öfug, öfig (Swedish afvig) turned the wrong way, back foremost, cognate with Old High German apuh, apah, Middle High German ebech, ebich, modern German dialect äbich, Old Saxon aƀich, aƀoh; a derivative of af away, identified by Fick with Old Sanskrit apák, apáñch ‘turned away.’ Old Northumbrian has *afuh in afu(h)lic ‘perverse,’ in Prol. to Lindisfarne Gospels; but the later use of the word was probably < Old Norse The phonetic change of afug to awk, is the same as in hafoc, hawk.

Obsolete.

A. adj.

1. Directed the other way or in the wrong direction, back-handed, from the left hand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adjective] > having wrong direction

awkc1440

awkwarda1522

awrya1657

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 18 Awke or wronge, sinister.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196 Auke stroke, reuers.

1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) v. x With an awke stroke gaue hym a grete wounde.

1634 Malory's Most Anc. Hist. Prince Arthur i. xcvii. 172.

2. Untoward, froward, perverse, in nature or disposition.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse

wharfedc1175

thwart-over?c1225

fromwardc1275

thwarta1325

wilgernc1325

contrariousa1340

froward1340

rebours1340

awaywarda1375

overthwartc1384

protervec1384

waywardc1384

arsewardc1386

wrawc1386

wrawfulc1386

crabbeda1400

ungraitha1400

wraweda1400

awklyc1400

perversec1425

awkc1440

perversiosec1475

crooked1508

wrayward1516

awkward1530

difficilec1533

peevish1539

protervous1547

overthwarting1552

untowardly1561

difficult1589

cross1594

cama1600

frowish1601

awkwardish1613

haggardly1635

pigheadeda1637

cross-grained1647

wry1649

crossfulc1680

thwarting1718

kim-kama1734

wronghead1737

piggish1742

witherly1790

top-thrawn1808

contrary1850

cussed1858

three-cornered1863

thwarteous1890

bloody-minded1935

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > odd

quaintc1325

awkc1440

queer?a1513

odd1578

quaintish1594

odd-conceiteda1616

odd-ceited1652

whimsical1675

singulara1684

eccentric1685

oddish1705

rummish1709

comical1713

odd-like1718

rum1750

queerish1775

funny1793

quare1805

rummy1828

kinky1844

quirkish1848

quirky1873

odd-gates1906

funny-peculiar1916

antrin1925

off-brand1929

fanciful-

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 18 Awke or angry, contrarius, bilosus, perversus.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 25 A preposterous maner in judging, and an awke wit.

1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 22^v Ill husbandry drowseth at fortune so awke [1573 auke], good husbandry rowseth him selfe like a hawke.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xix. 342 The awk opinions of the Stoicks.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 836 Our natures more crooked, inconstant, awk, and perverse.

1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 533 So faith brings the soul, awke and listlesse enough..to any duty.

3. Out-of-the-way, odd, strange. rare.

ΚΠ

c1440 Morte Arth. 13 Off elders of alde tyme and of theire awke dedys.

4. Untoward to deal with, awkward to use, clumsy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > [adjective] > unhandy

unwield1390

unhandsome1548

unwieldy1552

wieldy1588

awk1593

unmanageable1600

uneasy1611

unhandy1664

awkward1695

1593 G. Harvey New Let. Notable Contents sig. B2 The roughest, & awkest things are not so cumbersome.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 152 Birds..build nests with such an auk tool, their beak.

B. adv. in phrases:

1. to ring awk: the wrong way, backward.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > ring (a bell) as signal [verb (intransitive)] > ring bells as alarm

to ring bells backwardc1500

to ring awk1636

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [verb (intransitive)] > ring backwards

to ring bells backwardc1500

to ring awk1636

1636 S. Ward Serm. (1862) 91 When the bells ring awke, every man brings his bucket to the quenching of this fire.

1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 38 The bells in all the steeples will ring awke.

1694 R. L'Estrange Fables (ed. 2) ccci Ringing as Awk as the Bells, to give notice of the Conflagration.

2. to sing awk: in sinister or ill-omened wise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound

to sing awk1600

warble1605

snapper1664

flute1800

note1906

wing-clap1964

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. xli. 247 What if a bird sing auke or crowe crosse and contrarie [L. occinuerit]?

C. n.

(So the neuter of the adjective in Old High German.) Backhandedness, untowardness, awkwardness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > inaptitude or awkwardness > specifically of speech

awk1644

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 128 To fling words at his Auditors out of the Auke of utterance.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 108 What we have hitherto spoken, will seem to have less of auk in it.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	awk
释义	† awkadj.adv.n. /ɔːk/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s awke, 1500s–1600s auk(e, 1600s awck. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse afug. Etymology: probably < Old Norse afug, öfug, öfig (Swedish afvig) turned the wrong way, back foremost, cognate with Old High German apuh, apah, Middle High German ebech, ebich, modern German dialect äbich, Old Saxon aƀich, aƀoh; a derivative of af away, identified by Fick with Old Sanskrit apák, apáñch ‘turned away.’ Old Northumbrian has afuh in afu(h)lic* ‘perverse,’ in Prol. to Lindisfarne Gospels; but the later use of the word was probably < Old Norse The phonetic change of afug to awk, is the same as in hafoc, hawk. Obsolete. A. adj. 1. Directed the other way or in the wrong direction, back-handed, from the left hand. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adjective] > having wrong direction awkc1440 awkwarda1522 awrya1657 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 18 Awke or wronge, sinister. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196 Auke stroke, reuers. 1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) v. x With an awke stroke gaue hym a grete wounde. 1634 Malory's Most Anc. Hist. Prince Arthur i. xcvii. 172. 2. Untoward, froward, perverse, in nature or disposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > perverse wharfedc1175 thwart-over?c1225 fromwardc1275 thwarta1325 wilgernc1325 contrariousa1340 froward1340 rebours1340 awaywarda1375 overthwartc1384 protervec1384 waywardc1384 arsewardc1386 wrawc1386 wrawfulc1386 crabbeda1400 ungraitha1400 wraweda1400 awklyc1400 perversec1425 awkc1440 perversiosec1475 crooked1508 wrayward1516 awkward1530 difficilec1533 peevish1539 protervous1547 overthwarting1552 untowardly1561 difficult1589 cross1594 cama1600 frowish1601 awkwardish1613 haggardly1635 pigheadeda1637 cross-grained1647 wry1649 crossfulc1680 thwarting1718 kim-kama1734 wronghead1737 piggish1742 witherly1790 top-thrawn1808 contrary1850 cussed1858 three-cornered1863 thwarteous1890 bloody-minded1935 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > odd quaintc1325 awkc1440 queer?a1513 odd1578 quaintish1594 odd-conceiteda1616 odd-ceited1652 whimsical1675 singulara1684 eccentric1685 oddish1705 rummish1709 comical1713 odd-like1718 rum1750 queerish1775 funny1793 quare1805 rummy1828 kinky1844 quirkish1848 quirky1873 odd-gates1906 funny-peculiar1916 antrin1925 off-brand1929 fanciful- c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 18 Awke or angry, contrarius, bilosus, perversus. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 25 A preposterous maner in judging, and an awke wit. 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 22^v Ill husbandry drowseth at fortune so awke [1573 auke], good husbandry rowseth him selfe like a hawke. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xix. 342 The awk opinions of the Stoicks. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 836 Our natures more crooked, inconstant, awk, and perverse. 1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 533 So faith brings the soul, awke and listlesse enough..to any duty. 3. Out-of-the-way, odd, strange. rare. ΚΠ c1440 Morte Arth. 13 Off elders of alde tyme and of theire awke dedys. 4. Untoward to deal with, awkward to use, clumsy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > [adjective] > unhandy unwield1390 unhandsome1548 unwieldy1552 wieldy1588 awk1593 unmanageable1600 uneasy1611 unhandy1664 awkward1695 1593 G. Harvey New Let. Notable Contents sig. B2 The roughest, & awkest things are not so cumbersome. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 152 Birds..build nests with such an auk tool, their beak. B. adv. in phrases: 1. to ring awk: the wrong way, backward. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > ring (a bell) as signal [verb (intransitive)] > ring bells as alarm to ring bells backwardc1500 to ring awk1636 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [verb (intransitive)] > ring backwards to ring bells backwardc1500 to ring awk1636 1636 S. Ward Serm. (1862) 91 When the bells ring awke, every man brings his bucket to the quenching of this fire. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 38 The bells in all the steeples will ring awke. 1694 R. L'Estrange Fables (ed. 2) ccci Ringing as Awk as the Bells, to give notice of the Conflagration. 2. to sing awk: in sinister or ill-omened wise. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound to sing awk1600 warble1605 snapper1664 flute1800 note1906 wing-clap1964 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. xli. 247 What if a bird sing auke or crowe crosse and contrarie [L. occinuerit]? C. n. (So the neuter of the adjective in Old High German.) Backhandedness, untowardness, awkwardness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > inaptitude or awkwardness > specifically of speech awk1644 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 128 To fling words at his Auditors out of the Auke of utterance. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 108 What we have hitherto spoken, will seem to have less of auk in it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < adj.adv.n.c1440
随便看	castor-sugar castor-wheel castorbean castoreum castoreum oil castoreum resin castoreums castorial castorin castoring castorite castorless castormaker castoroil bean castoroil plant or tree castors castorstand castorsugar castorwheel castory castra castral castrametation castrate castrated