1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xviii. f. 147^v How filthy markettinges they vse, how vnhonest gaines they make w^t their massinges.

1636 P. Heylyn Hist. Sabbath i. v. 108 All other marketting was unlawfull on the Sabbath dayes.

1674 in J. F. Marsh Papers Affairs Milton & his Family (1851) App. 43 All his said children did combine together and counsel his maid servant to cheat him the deceased in her markettings.

1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eng. & English (ed. 2) I. 124 A notorious characteristic of English society is the universal marketing of our unmarried women.

1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw I. ix. 146 He..did certain necessary marketings, and then returned for her.

1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 44 Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand.

1943 H. Kurath et al. Ling. Atlas New Eng. III. Map 554 Marketing differs from the other terms [sc. shopping, purchasing] in that it usually refers specifically to the purchasing of food.

1972 Straits Times 26 Sept. 15/3 Her husband never gave her household expenses and she had to use her earnings as a clothes-vendor for marketing.

1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 506/1 This marketing of supplies was the beginning..of its prosperity.

1894 Daily News 26 Jan. 5/4 Facilities for the marketing of labour in country districts.

1930 Economist 13 Dec. 1105/1 The problem..is the marketing of about 300 million bushels of Canadian grain at adequate prices in what is obviously a buyers' market.

1956 Business Week 27 Oct. 47/1 Reith and others in the auto industry are coming to realize that selling is but a part of marketing, a science involving such things as highly specialized and detailed research and analysis... There's a new marketing (not ‘selling’) organization at Chrysler Corp.

1976 P. Parish Medicines ii. xxxii. 196 Unfortunately, many over-the-counter preparations contain vitamins and these are the subject of intense marketing.

1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 May b15/2 Marketing in education..is seen as development through course review and evaluation.

1958 W. W. Morris in W. D. Robbins Successful Marketing 180 The marketing concept implies that the entire organization (research, engineering, production, and marketing) must work together.

1986 H. Walker & J. Richardson Marketing iii. 107 Marketing must tell sales what they are trying to achieve and why.

1991 Bellcore News 25 Sept. 1/1 One of her functions was to serve as the technical interface to marketing for developing new products and services.

1680 T. Shadwell Woman-captain iii. 37 Come on my Friends, Let's in and survey my Markettings.

1701 S. Pepys Let. 4 Dec. Sorting and binding together my nephew's Roman marketings.

1798 J. O'Keeffe Blacksmith of Antwerp i. i. 385 Let there be plenty of the best, but no waste, Jaquelette—where is your marketing, girl?

1898 Catholic World May 251 The baker, the butcher, and the candle-stick-maker know her meagre little marketings for her mother.

1818 G. Crabbe Let. 23 Dec. in Sel. Lett. & Jrnls. (1985) ii. 250 M^r Hatchard..mentioned a thousand pounds..I put an End to our Conference by assuring him that I should expect considerably more or would take my Marketings back again.

1843 N. Boone Jrnl. (1917) 234 Indians visited us throughout the course of the day, bringing in marketing of various kinds.

1869 P. Fitzgerald Fatal Zero II. xxix. 256 The honest creatures..who till the soil here and bring in marketing.

1893 Times 10 July 4/6 The marketings of dairy butter have been smaller than of late.

1894 A. Conan Doyle Round Red Lamp 227 Well, what does this swine do but keep the path, and push the old girl into the mud, where she and her marketings came to terrible grief.

1919 A. Marshall Industry & Trade App. J. 800 The low grade industries which congregate in London owe comparatively little to the marketing advantages which are to be found there.

1995 Computer Weekly Nov.–Dec. (Networking Guide) 9/1 From the mid-1980s, the usefulness of benchmarks has been undermined by the appearance of commercial benchmarks—created by vested industry interests to achieve a marketing advantage.

1915 Amer. Econ. Rev. 5 160 An inefficient marketing agent may be making very little profit and the cost of doing business may be very great.

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 92/1 The marketing agents reciprocate by using still more applied science.

1991 S. J. Gould Bully for Brontosaurus vi. 98 I do confess to some cynical dubiety about the inundation of the kiddie culture with dinosaurs in every cute, furry, and profitable venue that any marketing agent can devise.

1920 Q. Rev. Econ. 34 627 In November, 1915, a marketing conference was held in Chicago under the auspices of the Bureau of Markets.

1970 Brit. Printer June 57 The BFMP's fourth marketing conference in London served to emphasise the urgent need for printers to understand the term ‘marketing’ let alone employ its principles.

1619 J. Dyke Counterpoison 24 A marketting and a iunketting, a selling and a swilling day both.

1871 G. MacDonald At Back of North Wind xvii. 169 One day, which was neither washing-day, nor cleaning-day nor marketing-day, nor Saturday, nor Monday..his father took him on his own cab.

1963 Rev. Econ. & Statistics 45 1 Plans are not binding until the close of the marketing day of the period for which the plans were made.

1957 L. K. Johnson Sales & Marketing Managem. x. 322 There is a tendency to change the title of the executive who heads the sales division from ‘sales manager’ to ‘general sales manager’, ‘director of distribution’, ‘marketing director’ and ‘director of selling’.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 450/1 I now don't hesitate to advise the captains of industry—the marketing directors, the managing directors, the technical executives.

1999 San Francisco Chron. (Nexis) 15 Apr. b3 Grady [is] marketing director for GoodNoise Inc., a Redwood City company that is trying to become an online music seller.

1927 P. White Sci. Marketing Managem. ix. 126 The Marketing Manager, as executive head of the Marketing Division, guides the machinery of control.

1961 Food Engin. Feb. 37/3 Men qualified for the broader task of marketing manager are even more scarce.

1991 Mod. Railways Apr. 187/3 It is sad to note that the company no longer serves Alderney. Its marketing manager told me traffic was too small to justify the additional time in diverting en route from Weymouth.

1914 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 28 382 Under the trust, the entire business of the combining plants, including productive processes as well as marketing policy, is subject to a single control.

1930 G. R. Collins Marketing v. 78 The process of formulating marketing policies should recognise the fact that consumers' demands are the origins of economic impulses.

1991 Impact of Sci. on Society (UNESCO) No. 162. 107 It also makes it possible to offer practical options and develop a marketing policy with ‘count down cards’.

1914 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 22 833 The farmer's marketing problem is solved for him, and he can continue his highly individualistic farming.

1995 Canad. Forum May 48/1 In 1986, recognizing the marketing problems in selling a growth hormone, BGH manufacturers started using the scientific term bovine somatotropin or BST.

1963 Times 5 June 17/4 Today we [sc. the British] are lagging behind in a..transition that might be described as the Marketing Revolution.

1990 P. Taylor See how they Run ix. 235 ‘Narrow-casting’ (as opposed to broadcasting) and ‘niche advertising’ were the media and marketing revolutions of the past decade.

1954 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 49 367 Marketing strategy based upon this intelligence determines placement of dealerships.

1964 Harvard Business Rev. Mar. 83/1 Segmentation analysis..is based on the proposition that once you discover the most useful ways of segmenting a market, you have produced the beginnings of a sound marketing strategy.

1992 InterCity Mag. Feb. 21/2 A new marketing strategy, moreover, must not under-price the product against competitors.

1936 C. Chisholm (title) Marketing survey of the United Kingdom.

1941 ‘Balbus’ Reconstruction & Peace 58 Marketing surveys and campaigns for increasing consumption.

1989 Adbusters Q. Winter 3/3 Their frustrations result..from a fear of leaving the middle ground, or departing from the jiggered numbers and marketing surveys.

1961 Amer. Econ. Rev. 51 211 This depends on whether the savings from the routinization are passed on as price reductions or whether the firms concerned think that demand is less reponsive to price reductions than to other components of the ‘marketing mix’.

1967 G. Wills in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. x. 176 At the micro level, the concept of the marketing mix postulated a co-ordinative and integrative activity for product distribution and communication.

1982 G. A. Cole Management (1993) (BNC) 338 It is a tactical device for breaking down any one market into a number of separately identifiable sub-markets in order to be able to reach that sub-market (or segment) with a particular marketing mix.

1993 Leisure Opportunities Oct. 35/1 Segmentation is a fundamental issue in marketing, as it influences the marketing mix decisions of the organisation.

1915 Amer. Econ. Rev. 5 144 Nearly four years' work..would seem to warrant the addition of at least one non-state university to the marketing research list.

1951 E. S. Bradford Marketing Res. p. xi Marketing research is coming to be recognized as essential to a successful development of marketing.

1963 Gloss. Managem. Terms (Brit. Inst. Managem.) (Typescript) The distinction between market research and marketing research is important but is not yet as widely used and understood in the U.K. as in the U.S.A. One is a study of the market for the product and the other is a study of the marketing of the product.

1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies (1993) xiv. 336 Patrick Fowler, director of marketing research, treats me to a Byzantine study about how many angels are riding the subway system.

1963 Public Opinion Q. 27 570 The marketing researcher who is secretly meant for higher things must take his place on the line.

1989 RSA Jrnl. 136 301/1 Emphasis on intuition is one of the most significant later stages in the development of the successful career of a marketing researcher.