masterlessadj.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːstələs/,

/ˈmastələs/, U.S.

/ˈmæstərləs/

Forms: see master n.¹ and -less suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: master n.¹, -less suffix.

Etymology: < master n.¹ + -less suffix. In sense 3 perhaps after master v.

a. Deprived of a master (formerly applied esp. to soldiers and servants, and tamed animals). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of power > [adjective] > without lord, master, or mistress

lordlessOE

masterlessc1425

captainless1586

mistressless1873

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 4953 (MED) Many a stede aboute strayed..Maystirles.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 4192 (MED) Many a feire stede went a-stray, Mastirles that same day.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 881 Full lothe they were to be mastyrles.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11131 Þai mellit with the mirmydons þat maisturles were.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G His siluer shield, now idle, maisterlesse.

a1600 Floddan Field (1664) iv. 34 And many a servant masterless.

1673 Lady's Call. i. ii. §12 God sets not the same value upon their [sc. widows] being masterless, which some of them do.

1686 London Gaz. No. 2196/1 The Grand Signior..has..turned loose his Greyhounds to run up and down the Streets masterless.

1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall xiv The Count's horse, masterless and foaming, darted into the courtyard.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 582 Yielded towns were set aflame; For all the land was masterless.

1887 C. T. Martin in Dict. National Biogr. IX. 59/2 Being again left masterless, he [sc. Carew] went over to the enemy's camp.

1924 D. Hammett Nightmare Town in Argosy All-Story Weekly 27 Dec. 503/1 His machine..now shook and clattered as if in panic at finding itself masterless.

1967 R. Ellman Eminent Domain iv. 77 Technical mastery offers the man of his phase his only refuge from masterless anarchy.

1985 P. L. Cuyler Sumo 57 These ronin, or masterless samurai, were forbidden by law to join the ranks of the lower classes.

b. Of unknown authorship or provenance. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > anonymity or lack of a name > [adjective] > of unknown authorship or provenance

nameless1529

fatherless1541

authorless1613

anon.?1696

unassigned1868

masterless1899

unattributable1967

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] > of unknown origin

masterless1899

1899 A. Lang tr. Homeric Hymns 6 The conventional attribution of the Hymns to Homer..is merely the result of the tendency to set down ‘masterless’ compositions to a well-known name.

1903 Library 4 397 It has become possible to assign to..Peter von Olpe a small group of books hitherto masterless.

2. Of a person: having no reputable means of living; vagrant, vagabond, unemployed. Now historical.Notable as a term used in statutes of the 16th and 17th centuries. Quot. 1471 may properly belong with sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed

servicelessc1450

unlabouredc1450

masterless1471

unwrought1550

unplaced1558

labourless1576

flag-fallen1609

unlabouring1619

disemployed1651

hireless1651

unengaged1654

unemployed1667

unworking1696

untoiling1748

workless1758

occupationless1822

placeless1828

out of work1833

non-working1841

unhired1852

jobless1862

out of (or in) collar1862

non-employed1876

spare1919

on the beach1923

in dry dock1927

off-the-job1950

on (also upon) the street(s)1980

unwaged1981

1471 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 279 Like maysterles men, away thay wente.

a1516 H. Medwall Godely Interlude Fulgens sig. bii^v This felowe and I be maysterles And lyue moste parte in ydelnes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 563/2 I loyter as an ydell or masterlesse person dothe.

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 25 Such ruffelers..as..shall frequent hunt or loyter masterles and out of seruice.

1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & Mary c. 16 §1 Watermen..for the most parte been masterles men.

1569 J. Stow Survey of London (1720) II. v. xxxi. 431/2 Thear to watche the coming of all Vagabonnds, Beggars, Children, and Masterles Men and Women.

1582 in Recusant Hist. (1962) 253 A vayne man..whithout any livelyhood to maynteyne himselfe withall A masterles man.

1626 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 474 All idle and maisterlesse personnes and such others as shall not finde maisters or men of quallitie to undertake for them.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 94 That dissolute condition of masterlesse men.

1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. xvii A number of vagrant and masterless people.

1967 Century-Daily Star (Toronto) 13 Feb. 10/2 By 1510 runaways from fishing ships—the Masterless Men, as they are known in tradition—had spread like a slow, silent tide into remote Newfoundland bays.

1969 F. Mowat Boat who wouldn't Float (1976) iv. 37 The interior of the peninsula became the Country of the Masterless Men. Only the best-armed bands of King's men dared enter their domain.

†3. Unable to be mastered or controlled; ungovernable. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > uncontrollable or ungovernable

steerlessc888

rebelc1400

untemperable?1571

effrenated1587

incontrollable1605

unrepressable1607

commandless1609

unmasterable1618

masterless1619

effrenable1621

uncontrollable1648

unrulable1672

ungovernable1673

governless1679

unrepressible1776

incoercible1804

irrepressible1811

bronco1866

intemperable1898

1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. 290 Their power masterlesse on earth, makes them forget that they also haue a Master and Iudge in heauen.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 127 The King..yeilded up his Power to his Queen, (A Masterlesse and proud Woman..).

1687 London Gaz. No. 2275/2 The flame grew at last masterless.

1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 20 Such vast heath-fires are lighted up, that they often get to a masterless head.

1797 J. Boaden Ital. Monk i. i. 6 Underneath this icy outside, glows As fierce a flame of masterless ambition, As e'er informed the conquerors of earth.

Derivatives

ˈmasterlessness n.

ΚΠ

1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 257 For Johnson to make such a parade of masterlessness as he does by prefixing these lines to the Rambler!

1985 D. Underdown Revel, Riot, & Rebellion ii. 37 Poverty, vagrancy, masterlessness, landlessness: all seemed to strike at the very foundations of order.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	masterless
释义	masterlessadj. Brit. /ˈmɑːstələs/, /ˈmastələs/, U.S. /ˈmæstərləs/ Forms: see master n.¹ and -less suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: master n.¹, -less suffix. Etymology: < master n.¹ + -less suffix. In sense 3 perhaps after master v. 1. a. Deprived of a master (formerly applied esp. to soldiers and servants, and tamed animals). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of power > [adjective] > without lord, master, or mistress lordlessOE masterlessc1425 captainless1586 mistressless1873 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 4953 (MED) Many a stede aboute strayed..Maystirles. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 4192 (MED) Many a feire stede went a-stray, Mastirles that same day. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 881 Full lothe they were to be mastyrles. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11131 Þai mellit with the mirmydons þat maisturles were. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G His siluer shield, now idle, maisterlesse. a1600 Floddan Field (1664) iv. 34 And many a servant masterless. 1673 Lady's Call. i. ii. §12 God sets not the same value upon their [sc. widows] being masterless, which some of them do. 1686 London Gaz. No. 2196/1 The Grand Signior..has..turned loose his Greyhounds to run up and down the Streets masterless. 1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall xiv The Count's horse, masterless and foaming, darted into the courtyard. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 582 Yielded towns were set aflame; For all the land was masterless. 1887 C. T. Martin in Dict. National Biogr. IX. 59/2 Being again left masterless, he [sc. Carew] went over to the enemy's camp. 1924 D. Hammett Nightmare Town in Argosy All-Story Weekly 27 Dec. 503/1 His machine..now shook and clattered as if in panic at finding itself masterless. 1967 R. Ellman Eminent Domain iv. 77 Technical mastery offers the man of his phase his only refuge from masterless anarchy. 1985 P. L. Cuyler Sumo 57 These ronin, or masterless samurai, were forbidden by law to join the ranks of the lower classes. b. Of unknown authorship or provenance. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > anonymity or lack of a name > [adjective] > of unknown authorship or provenance nameless1529 fatherless1541 authorless1613 anon.?1696 unassigned1868 masterless1899 unattributable1967 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] > of unknown origin masterless1899 1899 A. Lang tr. Homeric Hymns 6 The conventional attribution of the Hymns to Homer..is merely the result of the tendency to set down ‘masterless’ compositions to a well-known name. 1903 Library 4 397 It has become possible to assign to..Peter von Olpe a small group of books hitherto masterless. 2. Of a person: having no reputable means of living; vagrant, vagabond, unemployed. Now historical.Notable as a term used in statutes of the 16th and 17th centuries. Quot. 1471 may properly belong with sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed servicelessc1450 unlabouredc1450 masterless1471 unwrought1550 unplaced1558 labourless1576 flag-fallen1609 unlabouring1619 disemployed1651 hireless1651 unengaged1654 unemployed1667 unworking1696 untoiling1748 workless1758 occupationless1822 placeless1828 out of work1833 non-working1841 unhired1852 jobless1862 out of (or in) collar1862 non-employed1876 spare1919 on the beach1923 in dry dock1927 off-the-job1950 on (also upon) the street(s)1980 unwaged1981 1471 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 279 Like maysterles men, away thay wente. a1516 H. Medwall Godely Interlude Fulgens sig. bii^v This felowe and I be maysterles And lyue moste parte in ydelnes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 563/2 I loyter as an ydell or masterlesse person dothe. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 25 Such ruffelers..as..shall frequent hunt or loyter masterles and out of seruice. 1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & Mary c. 16 §1 Watermen..for the most parte been masterles men. 1569 J. Stow Survey of London (1720) II. v. xxxi. 431/2 Thear to watche the coming of all Vagabonnds, Beggars, Children, and Masterles Men and Women. 1582 in Recusant Hist. (1962) 253 A vayne man..whithout any livelyhood to maynteyne himselfe withall A masterles man. 1626 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 474 All idle and maisterlesse personnes and such others as shall not finde maisters or men of quallitie to undertake for them. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 94 That dissolute condition of masterlesse men. 1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. xvii A number of vagrant and masterless people. 1967 Century-Daily Star (Toronto) 13 Feb. 10/2 By 1510 runaways from fishing ships—the Masterless Men, as they are known in tradition—had spread like a slow, silent tide into remote Newfoundland bays. 1969 F. Mowat Boat who wouldn't Float (1976) iv. 37 The interior of the peninsula became the Country of the Masterless Men. Only the best-armed bands of King's men dared enter their domain. †3. Unable to be mastered or controlled; ungovernable. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > uncontrollable or ungovernable steerlessc888 rebelc1400 untemperable?1571 effrenated1587 incontrollable1605 unrepressable1607 commandless1609 unmasterable1618 masterless1619 effrenable1621 uncontrollable1648 unrulable1672 ungovernable1673 governless1679 unrepressible1776 incoercible1804 irrepressible1811 bronco1866 intemperable1898 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. 290 Their power masterlesse on earth, makes them forget that they also haue a Master and Iudge in heauen. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 127 The King..yeilded up his Power to his Queen, (A Masterlesse and proud Woman..). 1687 London Gaz. No. 2275/2 The flame grew at last masterless. 1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 20 Such vast heath-fires are lighted up, that they often get to a masterless head. 1797 J. Boaden Ital. Monk i. i. 6 Underneath this icy outside, glows As fierce a flame of masterless ambition, As e'er informed the conquerors of earth. Derivatives ˈmasterlessness n. ΚΠ 1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 257 For Johnson to make such a parade of masterlessness as he does by prefixing these lines to the Rambler! 1985 D. Underdown Revel, Riot, & Rebellion ii. 37 Poverty, vagrancy, masterlessness, landlessness: all seemed to strike at the very foundations of order. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1425
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