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单词 masterless
释义

masterlessadj.

Brit. /ˈmɑːstələs/, /ˈmastələs/, U.S. /ˈmæstərləs/
Forms: see master n.1 and -less suffix.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: master n.1, -less suffix.
Etymology: < master n.1 + -less suffix. In sense 3 perhaps after master v.
1.
a. Deprived of a master (formerly applied esp. to soldiers and servants, and tamed animals). Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of power > [adjective] > without lord, master, or mistress
lordlessOE
masterlessc1425
captainless1586
mistressless1873
c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 4953 (MED) Many a stede aboute strayed..Maystirles.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 4192 (MED) Many a feire stede went a-stray, Mastirles that same day.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 881 Full lothe they were to be mastyrles.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11131 Þai mellit with the mirmydons þat maisturles were.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. G His siluer shield, now idle, maisterlesse.
a1600 Floddan Field (1664) iv. 34 And many a servant masterless.
1673 Lady's Call. i. ii. §12 God sets not the same value upon their [sc. widows] being masterless, which some of them do.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2196/1 The Grand Signior..has..turned loose his Greyhounds to run up and down the Streets masterless.
1834 G. P. R. James John Marston Hall xiv The Count's horse, masterless and foaming, darted into the courtyard.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 582 Yielded towns were set aflame; For all the land was masterless.
1887 C. T. Martin in Dict. National Biogr. IX. 59/2 Being again left masterless, he [sc. Carew] went over to the enemy's camp.
1924 D. Hammett Nightmare Town in Argosy All-Story Weekly 27 Dec. 503/1 His machine..now shook and clattered as if in panic at finding itself masterless.
1967 R. Ellman Eminent Domain iv. 77 Technical mastery offers the man of his phase his only refuge from masterless anarchy.
1985 P. L. Cuyler Sumo 57 These ronin, or masterless samurai, were forbidden by law to join the ranks of the lower classes.
b. Of unknown authorship or provenance. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > anonymity or lack of a name > [adjective] > of unknown authorship or provenance
nameless1529
fatherless1541
authorless1613
anon.?1696
unassigned1868
masterless1899
unattributable1967
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] > of unknown origin
masterless1899
1899 A. Lang tr. Homeric Hymns 6 The conventional attribution of the Hymns to Homer..is merely the result of the tendency to set down ‘masterless’ compositions to a well-known name.
1903 Library 4 397 It has become possible to assign to..Peter von Olpe a small group of books hitherto masterless.
2. Of a person: having no reputable means of living; vagrant, vagabond, unemployed. Now historical.Notable as a term used in statutes of the 16th and 17th centuries. Quot. 1471 may properly belong with sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed
servicelessc1450
unlabouredc1450
masterless1471
unwrought1550
unplaced1558
labourless1576
flag-fallen1609
unlabouring1619
disemployed1651
hireless1651
unengaged1654
unemployed1667
unworking1696
untoiling1748
workless1758
occupationless1822
placeless1828
out of work1833
non-working1841
unhired1852
jobless1862
out of (or in) collar1862
non-employed1876
spare1919
on the beach1923
in dry dock1927
off-the-job1950
on (also upon) the street(s)1980
unwaged1981
1471 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 279 Like maysterles men, away thay wente.
a1516 H. Medwall Godely Interlude Fulgens sig. biiv This felowe and I be maysterles And lyue moste parte in ydelnes.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 563/2 I loyter as an ydell or masterlesse person dothe.
1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 25 Such ruffelers..as..shall frequent hunt or loyter masterles and out of seruice.
1555 Act 2 & 3 Ph. & Mary c. 16 §1 Watermen..for the most parte been masterles men.
1569 J. Stow Survey of London (1720) II. v. xxxi. 431/2 Thear to watche the coming of all Vagabonnds, Beggars, Children, and Masterles Men and Women.
1582 in Recusant Hist. (1962) 253 A vayne man..whithout any livelyhood to maynteyne himselfe withall A masterles man.
1626 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 474 All idle and maisterlesse personnes and such others as shall not finde maisters or men of quallitie to undertake for them.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 94 That dissolute condition of masterlesse men.
1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (new ed.) I. xvii A number of vagrant and masterless people.
1967 Century-Daily Star (Toronto) 13 Feb. 10/2 By 1510 runaways from fishing ships—the Masterless Men, as they are known in tradition—had spread like a slow, silent tide into remote Newfoundland bays.
1969 F. Mowat Boat who wouldn't Float (1976) iv. 37 The interior of the peninsula became the Country of the Masterless Men. Only the best-armed bands of King's men dared enter their domain.
3. Unable to be mastered or controlled; ungovernable. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > uncontrollable or ungovernable
steerlessc888
rebelc1400
untemperable?1571
effrenated1587
incontrollable1605
unrepressable1607
commandless1609
unmasterable1618
masterless1619
effrenable1621
uncontrollable1648
unrulable1672
ungovernable1673
governless1679
unrepressible1776
incoercible1804
irrepressible1811
bronco1866
intemperable1898
1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. 290 Their power masterlesse on earth, makes them forget that they also haue a Master and Iudge in heauen.
1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. 127 The King..yeilded up his Power to his Queen, (A Masterlesse and proud Woman..).
1687 London Gaz. No. 2275/2 The flame grew at last masterless.
1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 20 Such vast heath-fires are lighted up, that they often get to a masterless head.
1797 J. Boaden Ital. Monk i. i. 6 Underneath this icy outside, glows As fierce a flame of masterless ambition, As e'er informed the conquerors of earth.

Derivatives

ˈmasterlessness n.
ΚΠ
1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 257 For Johnson to make such a parade of masterlessness as he does by prefixing these lines to the Rambler!
1985 D. Underdown Revel, Riot, & Rebellion ii. 37 Poverty, vagrancy, masterlessness, landlessness: all seemed to strike at the very foundations of order.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.c1425
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