| 释义 |
masonn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French maciun, mason. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maciun, machoun, mascun and Anglo-Norman and Old French mason, masson, mazoun, maisoun (1155; French maçon ; compare Old Occitan masson (13th cent.)), probably < a Gallo-Romance base giving also post-classical Latin macio , machio (from 6th cent.), matio (from 8th cent. in glossaries), and Old High German mezzo mason (German -metz in Steinmetz stonemason), probably ultimately < the Germanic base of make v.1 Some later post-classical Latin forms, e.g. mazo, mazunus, maso (a1166, 1221, 1276, all in British sources), are from Old French and Anglo-Norman.Attested as surname from early 12th cent., as e.g. Macun , le Mazun , Machun , le Mason' (compare also the modern surname Machin beside Mason ). For development of sense 2 see discussion s.v. Freemason n. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with stone > [noun] α. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 15465 Machunnes heowen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 15478 Of machunes [c1300 Otho machuns] þer wes wunder fif and twenti hundred; A dæi heo leiden þene wal. c1300 St. Wulstan (Laud) 33 in C. Horstmann (1887) 71 (MED) Machouns..Bi laddren cloumben up and doun. c1300 (c1250) (Cambr.) (1966) l. 326 Ber wiþ þe squire [c1330 Auch squir, a1400 Egerton squyer] & schauntellun, Also þu were a gud mascun. society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > the Freemasons > member 1652 Kelso Presbytery in F. L. Pick & G. N. Knight (1953) 172 There is neither sinne nor scandale in that word, because in the purest tymes of this kirke, maisons haveing that word have been ministers. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i, in (1873) III. 55 As those that have the Mason's word, secretly discern one another. 1731 1 431 The Author tells us, that a Mason is obliged by his Tenure, to obey the Moral Law. 1772 J. Wesley 22 Apr. (1827) III. 446 I preached..in the Masons' Lodge. 1776 A. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams (1876) 151 The Dr. was buried on Monday; the Masons walking in procession from the State House. 1846 D. Jerrold viii. 24 Do you suppose I'd ever suffered you to go and be made a mason, if I didn't suppose I was to know the secret, too? 1890 W. D. Howells 118 On the Fourth of July..the Sons of Temperance walked in the procession with the Masons and the Odd-Fellows. 1929 R. S. Lynd & H. M. Lynd xix. 307 In the main, business men join lodges today for business reasons—a gentile business man of any local standing can hardly afford to stay out of the Masons. 1995 21 Jan. 1/4 There is nothing to stop the committee..examining the role of the masons and their alleged grip on the Establishment. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] 1412 Catterick Church Contract in L. F. Salzman (1992) App. B. 487 For to make the kirke of Katrick newe als werkemenschippe and masoncrafte. 1573 in (1888) 1st Ser. 1 25 To..instruct the said Androw..in the haill poyntis of the masoune croft. 1834 T. Carlyle ii. ii. 34/2 Bright, nimble creatures [sc. swallows], who taught you the mason-craft. 1985 6 No. 8. 5/1 Masoncraft is certainly not a lost art. 1504 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett (1889) XII. 205 Domus lathamorum vocate masonluge. 1797 3 215/1 In some Mason Lodges in his neighbourhood, Burns had soon the fortune..to gain the notice of several gentlemen [etc.]. 1833 T. Carlyle (1847) III. 319 Mason-lodges have long ears. (b) Formerly also designating things belonging to a mason (the attributive use taking the place of the possessive mason's). 1370 in J. Raine (1854) 52 (MED) ij stane axes, iij mason axes. 1412–13 in J. T. Fowler (1901) III. 610 (MED) Pro factura de masonaxes, pickes, [etc.]. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 687/31 Hec Iatomega, a mason ax. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 687/32 Hic petro, a mason schype. 1509–10 in J. Raine (1859) 95 Pro cariagio lyme,..mason chippes and fier erth. c1540 (?a1400) 1645 Toures..Made all of marbyll with mason deuyse. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 687/35 Hec amussis, a mason lyne. 1616 in J. Imrie & J. G. Dunbar (1982) II. 16 For maissone lynes sent to Falkland. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 687/33 Hec regula, a mason rewlle. b. society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > [noun] > a mason's sign 1697 E. Lhuyd Let. 22 Sept. in (Royal Soc.) (1712) 27 503 The Masons Marks on the Stones. 1888 11 Aug. 7/6 Each man as he finishes his work at the banker, places his mark upon the stone before it leaves the shed. The banker is the stone bed or bench upon which a mason works... These marks have hence been called banker marks, and perhaps the name is more appropriate than that of masons marks. 1990 R. Castleden (1993) (BNC) 112 The impressive remains of the..temple of Zeus Thanatos stand on foundation courses of large blocks of stone which look like Minoan masonry: certainly many of them have distinctive Minoan ‘mason's marks’, the branch, the star and the trident. 1638 H. Adamson 32 For we be brethren of the Rosie Crosse; We have the Mason word, and second sight, Things for to come we can foretell aright. 1766 A. Nicol 83 The Mason-word, (says one) I know as plain As any Brother in the Mason's train. 1939 D. Knoop & G. P. Jones (title) The Scottish Mason and the Mason Word. 1987 30 June 17/4 All the early references to the Mason Word, the collective name for the rituals which form the basis of modern craft Masonry, came from Scotland. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry a1450 in S. A. Moore (1871) 141 (MED) Whiche brigge is..of the same mason werk as London brigge, housyng apon excepte. 1497 in C. Rogers (1879) I. 309 To wyrk..profitably the masonwerk of our forsaid abbay, bayth ennow and wtow quhen and quhar we charge hym. 1629 in J. D. Marwick (1876) I. 370 For working of the meason work..of the liberarie hous. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in 101 It look'd a tower of ruin'd masonwork. 1896 53 39 Detached blocks of stone, presenting well-marked indications of mason-work. 1997 21 Nov. 8/1 In the island there is not one man who has served a time to mason work, yet for amateurs they seem to do good work. C2. In the names of animals, esp. insects that live or nest in sand, mud, etc. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence (1818) II. xvii. 97 M. Huber..speaking of a mason-ant, not found with us. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > member of family Anthophoridae the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > member of family Megachilidae (leaf-cutter) > of genus Osmia or Chalicidoma (mason-bee) 1774 O. Goldsmith VIII. 93 Mason Bees make their cells with a sort of mortar, made of earth. 1867 No. 60. 415 Mason-bees of the genus Anthophora. 1891 28 Dec. 6/1 Processional caterpillars,..mason bees, carpenter bees, and such small fry. 1991 B. Anderson (1992) viii. 89 She stared at the structured groups of white cells in the corners of the unlined walls.—Mason bees, she gulped. 1750 G. Hughes 83 It is called a Mason-fly from the great quantity of mire and mortar which it carries into houses and elsewhere, wherewith to build its nests. 1896 B. Spencer I. 98 A black and white mason fly was making persistent efforts to drag a heavy spider..to its nest. 1949 K. Patchen 35 O the wonderful wonderful wonderful careless careful quietude of the mason-fly. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Littorinidae > member of genus Phorus 1884 (1888) I. 326 The..genus..Phorus, which embraces the carrier or mason-shells of the eastern seas. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Arachnida > [noun] > order Aranea > division Tetrapneumones > family Mygalidae > member of 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence III. xxxiv. 492 The trapdoor or mason spider (Mygale cœmentaria). 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon ii. v. ii. 260 The Mygales (Crab Spiders and Mason Spiders). the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > member of family Eumenidae 1792 M. Riddell 73 The free mason wasp is so domestic as to build its nest, which is made of mud or clay, in the inhabited chambers of houses.] 1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence (1818) I. 449 One species called by Reaumur the mason-wasp (Odynerus muraria, Latr.). 1894 9 27 Alastor eriurgus, a very common ‘mason wasp’ in the neighbourhood of Sydney. 1994 P. J. Gullan & P. S. Cranston xi. 294 In some subsocial nesters, many individuals of one species may aggregate, building their nests close together as in mason wasps (Eumeninae). Derivatives 1387 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 35 Tha ylk men sal mak..a wyndow with thre lychtys in fourme masonnelyke. 1651 D. Dickson (ed. 3) Ep. Ded. sig. A3 The mason-like-looks of his Conscience, levelling its eye, to each action. 1800 J. Hurdis iv. 184 Whence drew the marten his superior skill To knead and temper, mason-like, the slime Of street or stagnant pool. 1991 M. Smith (BNC) 105 The early bull-running was administered by a secret guild of mason-like bull priests. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † masonn.2Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown; compare mace n.4, masoning n.2, and masoner n.2 slang. Obsolete. 1753 (ed. 2) 27 Fourth, is the Dealers call'd Masons, that is, giving you Notes for Money, and never to pay it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online September 2021). Masonn.3 Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mason. Etymology: < the names of Miles Mason (1752–1822), English china manufacturer based in Staffordshire, and of his sons William (1785–1855), George Miles (1789–1859), and Charles James (1791–1856). I. Compounds. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [adjective] > types of English pottery 1804 15 Oct. 1/1 Mason's China... Miles Mason..has established a Manufactory at Lane Delph... The articles are stamped on the bottom of the large pieces, to prevent imposition. 1863 W. Chaffers 127 Mason's Iron Stone China. Staffordshire. Leek. A recent manufacture belonging to Mr. Mason. 1875 L. Troubridge Jrnl. 18 Jan. in J. Hope-Nicholson (1966) 104 Vi bought a very handsome large Mason Ironstone plate for two shillings. 1920 G. W. Rhead x. 189 In the British Museum..is a plate of white ware blue printed, stamped ‘Masons Cambrian Argil,’ referring to the body being of Welsh clay. 1960 H. Hayward 176/2 Mason's bone china: Miles Mason..started to make porcelain at a factory in Market Street, Fenton, in 1800. 1988 R. Feild & C. Dale (rev. ed.) 89/1 Mason's Patent Ironstone China was extremely popular, mass-produced, brought pseudo-Oriental polychromatic designs to the general public who had only been able to buy monochrome transfer-printed wares. II. Simple uses. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > English pottery > by other named persons 1911 O. Onions 16 The tall lattice-paned china cupboard with its Derby and Mason and Spode. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Masonn.4Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mason. Etymology: < the name of John Landis Mason, U.S. inventor (d. 1902), who was granted a U.S. patent on 30 Nov. 1858 for this kind of glass jar. Originally U.S.the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > jam or preserving jar 1885 6 Aug. 13/2 The Illinois Agricultural Society calls attention to the fact that Mason fruit-jars have been sent to that State packed in straw foul with Canada thistle. 1888 L. Hargis 472 Quince and apple butter... Put a little of the mixture in a plate and invert, if it adheres the butter is done. Fill Mason jars and seal. 1920 W. S. Walbridge 49 Until 1857, the date of the advent of the Mason screw top jar, the only method was by sealing a jar by any process which happened to appeal to the housewife. 1947 June 822/1 His annual cherry crop amounted to one forlorn little cherry which he covered with a mason jar. 1950 Jan. 51/3 2-pint mason jar feeders..were placed in the group of hives. 1993 S. King 26 That dumb hunky that always wore his pants tight enough to show the world he had balls as big as Mason jars. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). masonv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: mason n.1 Etymology: < mason n.1, perhaps after Old French, Middle French, French maçonner (c1200). Compare post-classical Latin massonare (1259 in a British source), macienare (1274 in a British source). 1. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (intransitive)] society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 7 She hadde founded þilke hous and masowned it..xiiij C yer and xxx. 1480 (Caxton) (1964) 37 Laurence the masone Hath take to masone [Fr. a pris a machonner]. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan ii. xiv. 117 With certain yssues and steppes welle massonned. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. i. 1 Al buyldynges are masoned and wroughte of dyuerse stones. 1682 G. Wheler iv. 295 A round Temple of Brick, masoned together with a very hard cement. 1703 Chatsworth Building Accts. in (1881) 3 31 For masoning, raising and setting upp 4 other urnes. 1801 S. De Witt in 385 The inner part of the wall is made of brick, masoned up between the posts, so as to leave some inches between it and the outer inclosure. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham iii. xviii. 412 About fifty yards south from the temple were five tumuli, masoned on every side. 1881 Apr. 510 The watercourse beneath it is masoned out with solid stone. 1976 10 Apr. 21/5 The stranger and the cowboy are propped before an unlit fireplace in the main house (Graves hauled and masoned the stone himself). 1994 C. McCarthy 255 They watered the horses at an abrevadero masoned up out of hewn limestone. 1561 R. Norvell f. 55 The high Alpes..And their great craigges, massoned by Natour. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > provide with wall(s) > build into wall 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig sig. Biv A trevet in the middest of the fornys with the iii fete masoned in the wall of it. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes vi. xii. 237 He caused also to be masoned into the wall a great number of iron speares. 1851 H. Melville vii. 38 These silent islands of men and women sat steadfastly eyeing several marble tablets..masoned into the wall on either side the pulpit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1c1275 n.21753 n.31804n.41885 v.c1450 |
