Marranon.

Brit.

/məˈrɑːnəʊ/, U.S.

/məˈrɑnoʊ/

Forms: 1500s marrane, 1500s 1900s– maranne, 1500s–1600s maran, 1500s–1600s marane, 1500s–1600s marano, 1500s–1600s morrano, 1600s 1900s– marrano. Plural 1500s marannes, 1500s marrany, 1600s maranes, 1600s maranoes, 1600s marans, 1900s– marranos.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish marrano.

Etymology: < Spanish marrano converted Jew or Muslim (13th cent.), further etymology disputed.Traditionally many lexicographers have accepted the derivation of Spanish marrano converted Jew or Muslim < Spanish marrano hog (10th cent.), assuming use of the latter as a term of abuse. A development of this notion suggests the derivation in turn of Spanish marrano hog < Arabic maḥram (colloquial Spanish Arabic maḥran ) something forbidden or taboo < ḥaruma to be forbidden (compare harem n.). However, other etymologies have been suggested for Spanish marrano hog. Y. Malkiel in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (1948) 68 175–184 argues that Spanish marrano pig is < classical Latin verrēs boar, and that Spanish marrano convert is historically unrelated. He derives Spanish marrano convert < late Arabic (especially Andalusian) barrānī rural, foreign, immigrant < barr land, field, though his reasoning is unconvincing from the point of view of Arabic scholarship. However, his view that the two Spanish words are distinct is plausible, and if it is accepted, the most likely source of Spanish marrano convert is Spanish Arabic muḥarram (colloquial muḥarran ) excommunicated, past participle of the attested ḥarram(a) to excommunicate. Jewish and Muslim converts would, rightly or wrongly, be thought to practise their old religion in private and ipso facto be excommunicates. A further suggested etymology is < post-classical Latin Maran Atha Maranatha adv., interpreted as ‘accursed’. H. and R. Kahane in Harvard Theol. Rev. (1964) 54 23–38 suggest that the Aramaic etymon of this word may first have been used as a curse by Jews of Jews that had newly converted to Christianity, though this has not met with widespread support. The Spanish word was used insultingly of converts to Christianity from Judaism and Islam. By the 16th cent., its derivatives were present in this sense in several Romance languages (quot. 1561 is < Italian marràno (attested from the 15th cent.), quot. 1569 is < post-classical Latin maranus , and quots. 1583 and 1585 are < Middle French maran, marran (attested from the 15th cent.), marrane (attested from the early 16th cent.; by 1584 used as an insulting term for any Spaniard)). The Spanish word ceased to be used as an insult within Spain by the end of the 16th cent. It is uncertain whether an earlier use of the present word is shown by the following quotation (referring to the conduct of imperial forces in Rome):1527 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 583 Agaynst pristes and churchis they have behavyd thaymselfes as it doth become Marranys and Lutherans to do.

Now historical.

In medieval and early modern Spain: a Christianized Jew or Moor, esp. one who professed conversion in order to avoid persecution.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > conversion to Christianity > [noun] > a convert > for improper reasons

Marrano1561

New Christian1612

rice Christian1757

rice convert1827

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. U.i^v Whan an other Spaniarde..had saide, Vino dios (calling for wine) Diego answered hym again: Vino, y nolo conocistes, to nip him for a marrane.

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. lxxxiii. f. 142^v Being of a diuers Religion (as a Jewe or a Marane [L. Maranus]).

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 50 The women, chose rather to drowne them selues..then to be dishonored with so Barbarous a Maran.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xiii. 49 An infinite multitude of Iewes and Marannes driuen out of Spain.

1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 164 A sort of people of the Marrany as they terme them, who are baptized Jews and Moores.

1600 M. Sutcliffe Briefe Replie to Libel ii. 55 Those that will not suffer Christians to liue..dispense with apostataes, maranoes, and rinegued Turkes.

1600 M. Sutcliffe New Challenge iii. 58 in Briefe Replie to Libel They absolue..most wicked rebels, yea Marans and apostataes.

1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 205 A very christened Jew, a Maran.

1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 238 Sixtus V, and Clement VIII, granted Safe-conduct to the Maranes, to remain, and traffick in the Town of Ancona, without being molested or disturbed by the Inquisitors.

1826 tr. J. A. Llorente Hist. Inquisition in Spain v. 31 The converted Jews were named New Christians; they were also called Marranos, or the cursed race, from an oath which the Jews were in the habit of using among themselves.

a1887 E. Lazarus Poems (1889) 52 Their fathers..took the name Marranos the Accursed, whom equally Jew, Moor, and Christian hate, despise, and flee.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 3/1 Two years later the Crypto-Jews or Marranos of London had acquired ‘untrammelled trading rights’.

1921 J. Buchan Path of King vii. 140 Are we two gentlemen, who fear God, to be worsted by a rabble of Papegots and Marannes?

1941 G. G. Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism vii. 240 The beginning of the persecution of the Jews in Spain and the appearance of Marrano Judaism after 1391.

1960 L. P. Gartner Jewish Immigrant i. 16 The mid-seventeenth century, when the earlier flight of Marranos from Spain and Portugal was no longer important.

1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 3/5 Some of their ancestors were Marranos (baptised Jews suspected of secret adherence to Judaism) who were burnt at the stake in Mexico during the 16th century.

1979 Dædalus Summer 135 Everybody knew that Ferdinand the Catholic had a marrano quartering.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	marrano
释义	Marranon. Brit. /məˈrɑːnəʊ/, U.S. /məˈrɑnoʊ/ Forms: 1500s marrane, 1500s 1900s– maranne, 1500s–1600s maran, 1500s–1600s marane, 1500s–1600s marano, 1500s–1600s morrano, 1600s 1900s– marrano. Plural 1500s marannes, 1500s marrany, 1600s maranes, 1600s maranoes, 1600s marans, 1900s– marranos. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish marrano. Etymology: < Spanish marrano converted Jew or Muslim (13th cent.), further etymology disputed.Traditionally many lexicographers have accepted the derivation of Spanish marrano converted Jew or Muslim < Spanish marrano hog (10th cent.), assuming use of the latter as a term of abuse. A development of this notion suggests the derivation in turn of Spanish marrano hog < Arabic maḥram (colloquial Spanish Arabic maḥran ) something forbidden or taboo < ḥaruma to be forbidden (compare harem n.). However, other etymologies have been suggested for Spanish marrano hog. Y. Malkiel in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. (1948) 68 175–184 argues that Spanish marrano pig is < classical Latin verrēs boar, and that Spanish marrano convert is historically unrelated. He derives Spanish marrano convert < late Arabic (especially Andalusian) barrānī rural, foreign, immigrant < barr land, field, though his reasoning is unconvincing from the point of view of Arabic scholarship. However, his view that the two Spanish words are distinct is plausible, and if it is accepted, the most likely source of Spanish marrano convert is Spanish Arabic muḥarram (colloquial muḥarran ) excommunicated, past participle of the attested ḥarram(a) to excommunicate. Jewish and Muslim converts would, rightly or wrongly, be thought to practise their old religion in private and ipso facto be excommunicates. A further suggested etymology is < post-classical Latin Maran Atha Maranatha adv., interpreted as ‘accursed’. H. and R. Kahane in Harvard Theol. Rev. (1964) 54 23–38 suggest that the Aramaic etymon of this word may first have been used as a curse by Jews of Jews that had newly converted to Christianity, though this has not met with widespread support. The Spanish word was used insultingly of converts to Christianity from Judaism and Islam. By the 16th cent., its derivatives were present in this sense in several Romance languages (quot. 1561 is < Italian marràno (attested from the 15th cent.), quot. 1569 is < post-classical Latin maranus , and quots. 1583 and 1585 are < Middle French maran, marran (attested from the 15th cent.), marrane (attested from the early 16th cent.; by 1584 used as an insulting term for any Spaniard)). The Spanish word ceased to be used as an insult within Spain by the end of the 16th cent. It is uncertain whether an earlier use of the present word is shown by the following quotation (referring to the conduct of imperial forces in Rome):1527 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 583 Agaynst pristes and churchis they have behavyd thaymselfes as it doth become Marranys and Lutherans to do. Now historical. In medieval and early modern Spain: a Christianized Jew or Moor, esp. one who professed conversion in order to avoid persecution. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > conversion to Christianity > [noun] > a convert > for improper reasons Marrano1561 New Christian1612 rice Christian1757 rice convert1827 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. U.i^v Whan an other Spaniarde..had saide, Vino dios (calling for wine) Diego answered hym again: Vino, y nolo conocistes, to nip him for a marrane. 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. lxxxiii. f. 142^v Being of a diuers Religion (as a Jewe or a Marane [L. Maranus]). 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 50 The women, chose rather to drowne them selues..then to be dishonored with so Barbarous a Maran. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xiii. 49 An infinite multitude of Iewes and Marannes driuen out of Spain. 1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 164 A sort of people of the Marrany as they terme them, who are baptized Jews and Moores. 1600 M. Sutcliffe Briefe Replie to Libel ii. 55 Those that will not suffer Christians to liue..dispense with apostataes, maranoes, and rinegued Turkes. 1600 M. Sutcliffe New Challenge iii. 58 in Briefe Replie to Libel They absolue..most wicked rebels, yea Marans and apostataes. 1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 205 A very christened Jew, a Maran. 1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 238 Sixtus V, and Clement VIII, granted Safe-conduct to the Maranes, to remain, and traffick in the Town of Ancona, without being molested or disturbed by the Inquisitors. 1826 tr. J. A. Llorente Hist. Inquisition in Spain v. 31 The converted Jews were named New Christians; they were also called Marranos, or the cursed race, from an oath which the Jews were in the habit of using among themselves. a1887 E. Lazarus Poems (1889) 52 Their fathers..took the name Marranos the Accursed, whom equally Jew, Moor, and Christian hate, despise, and flee. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 3/1 Two years later the Crypto-Jews or Marranos of London had acquired ‘untrammelled trading rights’. 1921 J. Buchan Path of King vii. 140 Are we two gentlemen, who fear God, to be worsted by a rabble of Papegots and Marannes? 1941 G. G. Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism vii. 240 The beginning of the persecution of the Jews in Spain and the appearance of Marrano Judaism after 1391. 1960 L. P. Gartner Jewish Immigrant i. 16 The mid-seventeenth century, when the earlier flight of Marranos from Spain and Portugal was no longer important. 1973 Jewish Chron. 2 Feb. 3/5 Some of their ancestors were Marranos (baptised Jews suspected of secret adherence to Judaism) who were burnt at the stake in Mexico during the 16th century. 1979 Dædalus Summer 135 Everybody knew that Ferdinand the Catholic had a marrano quartering. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1561
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