meiosisn.

Brit.

/mʌɪˈəʊsɪs/, U.S.

/maɪˈoʊsəs/

Forms:

α. 1500s– meiosis, 1500s– miosis, 1600s meiösis, 1900s– maiosis (irregular).

β. 1500s meiosie, 1600s mejosie.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μείωσις.

Etymology: < ancient Greek μείωσις lessening, in Hellenistic Greek as a rhetorical term (and as a loanword in at least one 15th–cent. manuscript and numerous 15th–cent. editions of Quintilian) < μειοῦν to lessen ( < μείων less: see meio- comb. form) + -ωσις -osis suffix.

1. Rhetoric.

a. A figure of speech by which something is intentionally presented as smaller, less important, etc., than it really is; understatement (frequently ironic). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > underestimation or undervaluing > understatement or underplaying

diminution1303

meiosis1550

extenuation1589

liptote1589

meiosis1642

litote1645

litotes1656

understatement1799

underplaying1896

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > understatement

meiosis1550

disabler1589

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Dvii Miosis. Diminutio, when greate matters are made lyghte of by wordes.

1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Niiii^v Meiosie,..when we vse a lesse word for a greater, to make the matter much lesse then it is.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xvii. 154 If you diminish and abbase a thing by way of spight.., such speach is by the figure Meiosis or the disabler spoken of hereafter.

1653 W. Master Λόγοι Εὔκαιροι To Rdr., f. A4^v If these modest mejosies were converted into the plain sense of their secret thoughts they would salute the Readers eare in another style.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 37 The foresaid Author..termeth Him..Pedantick enough, that is too much, to such as understand his Miosis.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 32 Their whole Discourse being one continued Meiosis to diminish, lessen, and debase the great Things of the Gospel.

a1773 A. Butler Lives Saints (1779) III. 101 What he says, that he himself received no good by visiting the holy places, must be understood to be a Miosis, or extenuation to check the monks too ardent passion for pilgrimages.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 17 July 2/1 When he [sc. a painter] approaches a somewhat scabrous subject..he always employs the figure which the grammarians call meiosis.

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon vi. 134 He..poured a small quantity..for his wife, who accepted it with the remark: ‘You are a master of meiosis.’

1970 ‘A. Cross’ Poetic Justice i. 17 The head of the Graduate English Department, a man for whom..the term ‘longsuffering’ was meiosis.

b. = litotes n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > underestimation or undervaluing > understatement or underplaying

diminution1303

meiosis1550

extenuation1589

liptote1589

meiosis1642

litote1645

litotes1656

understatement1799

underplaying1896

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > expression by negative of opposite

liptote1589

meiosis1642

litote1645

litotes1656

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 73 Some condemne Rhetorick as the mother of lies, speaking more then the truth in Hyperboles, lesse in her Miosis.

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 434 The Words are a Meiosis, and import much more than they express.

1903 Speaker 16 May 159/1 Self-assertiveness, Mr. Sheppard observes with a pleasing meiosis, is not required.

†2. Pathology. The stage of a disease in which the symptoms begin to disappear. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Meiosis, the period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin to diminish.

1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Meiosis, the status decrementi of a disease, or that period during which the symptoms abate.

3. Biology. The division of a diploid cell nucleus into four haploid nuclei, during which recombination of chromosomes usually occurs, and which (with the accompanying division of the cell cytoplasm) gives rise to gametes or (in some organisms) to a haploid generation. Cf. mitosis n. meiosis I n. the first stage of meiosis, in which homologous chromosomes replicate, pair, exchange material, and separate, one of each pair going to each of two daughter nuclei within the same cell. meiosis II n. the second stage of meiosis, in which each daughter nucleus divides as in mitosis, followed by cytoplasmic division.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > meiosis

meiosis1905

1905 J. B. Farmer & J. E. S. Moore in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 48 489 We propose to apply the terms Maiosis or Maiotic phase to cover the whole series of nuclear changes included in the two divisions that were designated as Heterotype and Homotype by Flemming.

1907 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 689 There is reason to believe that a sorting of the chromosomes, analogous to that seen in meiosis, takes place in the third division of the ascus.

1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) vi. 576 Meiosis brings about two additional results... One is to establish new haploid combinations of the original maternal and paternal chromosomes in the germ-cells... Not less important is the reorganization of the chromosomes, individually considered, that takes place during meiosis, by means of ‘crossing-over’.

1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 250 For convenience the two meiotic mitoses will be referred to frequently in subsequent pages as I and II.]

1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 254 Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions but only one chromosomal division.

1949 C. D. Darlington & K. Mather Elements of Genetics i. 34 Since crossing-over can probably take place between any two chromomeres, it will be rare indeed for two identical haploid nuclei to be produced from different meioses.

1957 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics iii. 73 The terms meiosis I and meiosis II are also used to designate the two divisions.

1969 W. V. Brown & E. M. Bertke Textbk. Cytol. xx. 436 Previously, meiosis I was called the heterotypic mitosis, implying that it is an atypical mitosis, which it certainly is; and meiosis II was called the homeotypic mitosis, implying that it is a fairly typical mitotic division, which it is.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xv. 839 Through cycles of haploidy, fusion, diploidy, and meiosis, old combinations of genes are broken up and new combinations are created.

1991 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2865/2 The maternal cyclin B protein pool does not appear to be significantly depleted after meiosis I in contrast to anaphase of meiosis II, when it is degraded.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	meiosis
释义	meiosisn. Brit. /mʌɪˈəʊsɪs/, U.S. /maɪˈoʊsəs/ Forms: α. 1500s– meiosis, 1500s– miosis, 1600s meiösis, 1900s– maiosis (irregular). β. 1500s meiosie, 1600s mejosie. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μείωσις. Etymology: < ancient Greek μείωσις lessening, in Hellenistic Greek as a rhetorical term (and as a loanword in at least one 15th–cent. manuscript and numerous 15th–cent. editions of Quintilian) < μειοῦν to lessen ( < μείων less: see meio- comb. form) + -ωσις -osis suffix. 1. Rhetoric. a. A figure of speech by which something is intentionally presented as smaller, less important, etc., than it really is; understatement (frequently ironic). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > underestimation or undervaluing > understatement or underplaying diminution1303 meiosis1550 extenuation1589 liptote1589 meiosis1642 litote1645 litotes1656 understatement1799 underplaying1896 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > understatement meiosis1550 disabler1589 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Dvii Miosis. Diminutio, when greate matters are made lyghte of by wordes. 1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Niiii^v Meiosie,..when we vse a lesse word for a greater, to make the matter much lesse then it is. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xvii. 154 If you diminish and abbase a thing by way of spight.., such speach is by the figure Meiosis or the disabler spoken of hereafter. 1653 W. Master Λόγοι Εὔκαιροι To Rdr., f. A4^v If these modest mejosies were converted into the plain sense of their secret thoughts they would salute the Readers eare in another style. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 37 The foresaid Author..termeth Him..Pedantick enough, that is too much, to such as understand his Miosis. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 32 Their whole Discourse being one continued Meiosis to diminish, lessen, and debase the great Things of the Gospel. a1773 A. Butler Lives Saints (1779) III. 101 What he says, that he himself received no good by visiting the holy places, must be understood to be a Miosis, or extenuation to check the monks too ardent passion for pilgrimages. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 17 July 2/1 When he [sc. a painter] approaches a somewhat scabrous subject..he always employs the figure which the grammarians call meiosis. 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon vi. 134 He..poured a small quantity..for his wife, who accepted it with the remark: ‘You are a master of meiosis.’ 1970 ‘A. Cross’ Poetic Justice i. 17 The head of the Graduate English Department, a man for whom..the term ‘longsuffering’ was meiosis. b. = litotes n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [noun] > underestimation or undervaluing > understatement or underplaying diminution1303 meiosis1550 extenuation1589 liptote1589 meiosis1642 litote1645 litotes1656 understatement1799 underplaying1896 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > expression by negative of opposite liptote1589 meiosis1642 litote1645 litotes1656 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 73 Some condemne Rhetorick as the mother of lies, speaking more then the truth in Hyperboles, lesse in her Miosis. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 434 The Words are a Meiosis, and import much more than they express. 1903 Speaker 16 May 159/1 Self-assertiveness, Mr. Sheppard observes with a pleasing meiosis, is not required. †2. Pathology. The stage of a disease in which the symptoms begin to disappear. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Meiosis, the period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin to diminish. 1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Meiosis, the status decrementi of a disease, or that period during which the symptoms abate. 3. Biology. The division of a diploid cell nucleus into four haploid nuclei, during which recombination of chromosomes usually occurs, and which (with the accompanying division of the cell cytoplasm) gives rise to gametes or (in some organisms) to a haploid generation. Cf. mitosis n. meiosis I n. the first stage of meiosis, in which homologous chromosomes replicate, pair, exchange material, and separate, one of each pair going to each of two daughter nuclei within the same cell. meiosis II n. the second stage of meiosis, in which each daughter nucleus divides as in mitosis, followed by cytoplasmic division. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > meiosis meiosis1905 1905 J. B. Farmer & J. E. S. Moore in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 48 489 We propose to apply the terms Maiosis or Maiotic phase to cover the whole series of nuclear changes included in the two divisions that were designated as Heterotype and Homotype by Flemming. 1907 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 689 There is reason to believe that a sorting of the chromosomes, analogous to that seen in meiosis, takes place in the third division of the ascus. 1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) vi. 576 Meiosis brings about two additional results... One is to establish new haploid combinations of the original maternal and paternal chromosomes in the germ-cells... Not less important is the reorganization of the chromosomes, individually considered, that takes place during meiosis, by means of ‘crossing-over’. 1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 250 For convenience the two meiotic mitoses will be referred to frequently in subsequent pages as I and II.] 1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 254 Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions but only one chromosomal division. 1949 C. D. Darlington & K. Mather Elements of Genetics i. 34 Since crossing-over can probably take place between any two chromomeres, it will be rare indeed for two identical haploid nuclei to be produced from different meioses. 1957 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics iii. 73 The terms meiosis I and meiosis II are also used to designate the two divisions. 1969 W. V. Brown & E. M. Bertke Textbk. Cytol. xx. 436 Previously, meiosis I was called the heterotypic mitosis, implying that it is an atypical mitosis, which it certainly is; and meiosis II was called the homeotypic mitosis, implying that it is a fairly typical mitotic division, which it is. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xv. 839 Through cycles of haploidy, fusion, diploidy, and meiosis, old combinations of genes are broken up and new combinations are created. 1991 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2865/2 The maternal cyclin B protein pool does not appear to be significantly depleted after meiosis I in contrast to anaphase of meiosis II, when it is degraded. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1550
随便看	come up to a person's expectation come up to a person's expectations come up to expectation come up to expectations come up to scratch come up to the rack come up to the scratch come up to time come up with come up with the goods come up with the rations come upon come upon one's own legs come upon the town come well to our pass come well to pass come what may come what might come what will come with come with a wet sail come with cap in hand come with the arm come with the territory come yorkshire on one