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单词 marshal
释义

marshaln.

Brit. /ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˈmɑrʃəl/
Forms:

α. late Old English merescald, Middle English marechal, Middle English marescal, Middle English marescall, Middle English mareschale, Middle English mareschall, Middle English mareshalle, Middle English maresschall, Middle English maresshale, Middle English maresshall, Middle English–1600s mareshall, Middle English–1800s mareschal, 1500s mareschalle, 1500s marishall, 1600s–1700s marishal, 1700s mareschall; also Scottish pre-1700 marachall, pre-1700 marascal, pre-1700 mareschall, pre-1700 mareschaul, pre-1700 mareschell, pre-1700 mareschile, pre-1700 mareshal, pre-1700 mariscall, pre-1700 marischale, pre-1700 marischeall, pre-1700 1700s maraschal, pre-1700 1700s marichal, pre-1700 1700s marischall, pre-1700 1700s– marischal (now historical).

β. Middle English marchal, Middle English marchale, Middle English marchall, Middle English marchalle, Middle English marchel, Middle English marscal, Middle English marschal, Middle English marschale, Middle English marshale, Middle English marshalle, Middle English marsshal, Middle English marsshall, Middle English mershalle, Middle English–1500s marschall, Middle English–1500s mershall, Middle English– marshal, Middle English– marshall (now chiefly U.S.); also Scottish pre-1700 mairchall, pre-1700 mairschal, pre-1700 mairshaell, pre-1700 mairshall, pre-1700 marchaele, pre-1700 marcheil, pre-1700 marchell, pre-1700 marschael, pre-1700 marschail, pre-1700 marschalle, pre-1700 marschaul, pre-1700 marschel, pre-1700 marschell, pre-1700 marshaul, pre-1700 marshell, pre-1700 merchal, pre-1700 merchale, pre-1700 merchall, pre-1700 merchel, pre-1700 merchell, pre-1700 merschal, pre-1700 merschale, pre-1700 merschall, pre-1700 merschell, pre-1700 mersel, pre-1700 mersell, pre-1700 mersshall.

γ. late Middle English marcial, late Middle English marcialle, late Middle English–1500s marciall, 1500s–1600s martiall, 1600s 1800s martial; also Scottish pre-1700 marcheal, pre-1700 marcheall, pre-1700 marchiale, pre-1700 marchiaul, pre-1700 marscheal, pre-1700 marscheall, pre-1700 marschiall, pre-1700 marsheall, pre-1700 marshial, pre-1700 marshiale, pre-1700 marshiall, pre-1700 merscheall, pre-1700 merschiale, pre-1700 merseaill.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French marescal.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman marescal, mareschal, marschal, Old French marescal, mareschal farrier (1086 as a surname in the Domesday Book), commander of an army (1213) < post-classical Latin mariscalcus groom (6th cent.), commander of an army (9th cent.), court dignitary responsible for requisitions and housing (1047; attested from 12th cent. in British sources in all three senses) < a Germanic compound represented by Middle Dutch marscalc , maerschalc (Dutch maarschalk ), Old Saxon maraskalk (compare Middle Low German marschalk ; > Old Swedish marskalk (Swedish marskalk ), Danish marskal ), Old High German marahscalc , marscalc (Middle High German marschalc ; German Marschall is influenced in form by French) < the Germanic base of mare n.1 + the Germanic base of shalk n. Attested in Old English only as a very late borrowing; the usual Old English word was the compound horsþegn, with a similar range of senses.Originally simply ‘a person in charge of the upkeep of horses’ (compare branch I.), the word developed gradually into a title of various high offices in the royal household (compare branch II.) and in the army (compare branch III.). This development reflected the importance of the horse in the medieval state, especially the importance of cavalry in medieval warfare (compare the parallel semantic development of constable n.), and had already taken place before the word was borrowed into English. French maréchal has been used exclusively as a title since the early 19th cent. (but compare maréchal-ferrant farrier, blacksmith, maréchalerie farriery, smithy); in the Germanic languages the sense ‘farrier’ has long been obsolete, and the word is now exclusively used to denote officials or officers of various kinds. Italian has tended to use variants in man- (after derivatives of classical Latin manus hand) to mean ‘farrier’: Italian manescalco (13th cent.), maniscalco (14th cent.) vet, beside marescalco commander of the army (13th cent.; compare Spanish mariscal , (c1400), Portuguese mariscal (15th cent.) commander; Italian maresciallo (c1427) and Portuguese marechal are from French); compare also Old Occitan manescal commander (1210), vet (14th cent.), marescal vet (1218). With Marshal of England (see sense 2a), compare post-classical Latin marescallus Anglie (from 1260 in British sources). With Marshal of Scotland (see sense 2b), compare post-classical Latin marascallus Scotie , marscallus Scotie (1314, 1461 respectively in Scottish sources; also simply marescallus , 12th cent. in a Scottish source). With Marshal of France (see sense 9b), compare post-classical Latin marescallus Franciae (1382), Old French marichauz de France (1263, probably with reference to the Ile de France), French mareschal de France (1617). With marshal of the camp (see sense 9a), compare Middle French, French maréchal du camp (1549), French maréchal de camp (1617). With marshal of the hall (see sense 4), compare post-classical Latin marescallus aule (c1250, c1330, 1453 in British sources). Attested as an occupational surname in England in the sense ‘farrier’ (compare sense 1) from 1086 onwards (chiefly in Latin sources), but it is unclear whether such examples are English or French. In quot. lOE at sense 1 the word is used descriptively, rather than as a surname (in the manuscript it has been added, like the other descriptive words, above the line). With the α. forms compare Anglo-Norman marescal , marescalle , mareschal , marreschal , and post-classical Latin mariscalcus (c1081), mareschalchus , marescalcus , marescal' (1086; the latter with mark of suspension), marescaldus (c1131), marescalus (1151), marascallus (c1192), mariscaldus (1199), marescallus (12th cent.), mareschalcus (c1210), mareschallus (a1212), mariscallus (1219), maresscallus (1247) all in British sources; with the β. forms compare Anglo-Norman marchal , marchall , marschal , marschall , and post-classical Latin marscallus (c1136 onwards in British sources). The overlap between the forms of this word and those of martial adj. and n. (compare the γ. forms) has been encouraged both by the military application of this word in English and by the homophony of the two since at least the middle of the 17th cent.: see the note s.v. martial adj. and n. The forms marshal and marshall are both given in current editions of Webster; Webster's Dict. Eng. Usage (1989), however, recommends s.v. use of the spelling marshal for both noun and verb.
I. As an occupational term.
1. A person who tends horses, esp. one who treats their diseases, a farrier. Cf. horse marshal n. at horse n. Compounds 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > one who
marshallOE
ferrer1426
shoer1483
farrier1562
horse-smith1580
horse-shoer1591
shoesmith1625
shoeing smith1809
smithy1847
lOE Manumission, Exeter (Exeter 3501) in J. Earle Hand-bk. Land-charters (1888) 257 Ðar to is iwitnis Reinald preost, ..& Willelm merescald, & Ricard a cuic, & Wulfricc wig, [etc.].
1350–1 Freeman's Rolls in Kent Rec. (1964) XVIII. 203 (MED) Willelmus de Charryng, mareschal.
1428 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 1 Burn, smyth in Bouthum, and John Holgate, marsshall.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 85 All maner of werkemen, as goldsmithes, marchallis, smithes of all forges.
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 216 A horse marschall thou call the at the mute And with that craft convoy the throu the land.
1588 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 256 (note) I have made an estatt unto Robert Selbye,..of my tenement..now in the tenure of Mr. Wedrington, mershall, and of the housses, stables, and grownde ower agaynst yt.
1618 Sir W. Hope (title) The Parfait Mareschal, or, Compleat Farrier.
1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. ii. 45 Skilfull Ferrier or Marshall he shall never be.
c1720 W. Gibson Farriers New Guide ii. xxii. 84 Such Remedies as the Practice of the best Marishals has warranted.
II. A person holding an official post.
2. A chief official of a royal household or court; a high officer of state.Such offices have varied considerably in function depending on historical circumstance, being in some places and periods important military or administrative appointments, and in others effectively titular.
a. In England: = Earl Marshal n. Formerly also †Marshal of England, †High (also King's, Lord) Marshal.Now only a ceremonial office.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun]
heretogac900
marshal1258
chevetaine1297
chieftainc1330
arrayerc1370
governora1382
master of (the) chivalrya1382
leadera1387
war-headlinga1400
emperorc1400
captain1450
conductor1483
grand captain1531
commendador1580
lodesman1581
conducta1592
commander1598
induperator1599
war-captain1610
war-chief1610
war-leader1610
most mastera1616
commandant1687
commandant-general1827
baron1919
society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > marshal or earl marshal
marshal1258
Earl Marshalc1325
Earl Marshal of Ireland1577
1258 Proclam. Henry III (Bodl.) in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1880–1 (1883) *174 Rog' Bigod, eorl on Northfolk' and Mareschal on Engleneloand.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10081 (MED) Þe king..Þut lond..tok to loke william þe mareschal, Þat was erl of penbroc.
c1330 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Auch.) (1952) 434 Tholomen, mi marchal, Þou schalt haue Portingal And Egypt to Flumiordan.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 4002 (MED) Tholomeus þe mareschal vp stood, Wiȝth in bataile, in conseil good.
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 139 Before the queue..the Erle of Worceter Marchalle of Inglonde.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xiij The erle of Westmerland his high Marshal.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 142 The Duke of Norfolkis sone, cheif Tresurer and Merchall in Jngland.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iv. 2 Beare this sealed briefe With winged haste to the Lord Marshall . View more context for this quotation
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 322 Mars-like Essex, Englands Marshall-Earle.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. i. i. 27 His Lordship had power..(he being Lord Martiall of England)..to punish the transgressors.
1756 T. Francklin Orphan of China Ded. p. xi To the Lord Marshal Duke of Richelieu, Peer of France.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. iv. 107 But High Marshal of England! that is indeed a prize worth playing for.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 447/2 One of the principal officers of state is the king's marshal, which office is now held hereditarily by the duke of Norfolk.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 20/2 Thomas Holland..nephew of Richard II and marshal of England.
b. (Usually in form marischal.) In Scotland. Obsolete.The office was hereditary in the family of Keith, and from 1458 the holder had the peerage title of Earl Marischal. The office became extinct in 1716 by the attainder of George, 10th Earl Marischal, for his part in the Jacobite Rebellion of the previous year.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house
marshal of the King's (also Queen's) house (also household)1433
marshalc1478
knight marshal1556
marshal1617
c1478 Liber Pluscardensis (Glasg.) (1877) I. 328 Comes Eril Marschail [v.r. Marschael, Marchiale] nominatus.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 302 That in perpetuall ane of that surname [sc. Keith] sal be Mareschall in the kingis hous.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) xi. xix. f. 447v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Marschal(l Narracions following sall declare how fra the samyn stok [sc. Keith] sprang the grete mareschellis of Scotland.
1660 Preserv. Honours Scotl. in Diary Ld. Wariston (1896) 133 His majestie hath therfore..mad..the said John Keith Knight Marischal of the kingdom of Scotland.
1675 in M. Wood Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1950) X. 245 In publict papers granted be the king sometyme the marishall is placed before the constable.
1682 in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 18 The lords found the title of nobility and office of marshall was annexed to the blood.
1715 Earl of Mar Proclamation in C. Innes Bk. Thanes Cawdor (1859) 411 Some of his faithful subjects and servants met here, viz. the Lord Huntley, the Lord Tullybardine, the Earl Marischal [etc.].
1872 C. Innes Lect. Sc. Legal Antiq. 142 Admittance [sc. to Parliament]..without vote or voice, is allowed to..the Marischal, to the Lyon's ushers.
c. In full Marshal of Ireland; also marshal of the (king's, queen's) army in Ireland. A high officer of state or military administrator appointed by the king or queen of England to hold authority in Ireland. Now historical.The title of marshal (or lord marshal) of Ireland was held by John Marshal, 1st Baron Marshal of Hingham, and his descendants from 1207 until Edward Parker, 8th Baron Morley, resigned it in the late 16th cent. By this time a distinct military appointment of ‘marshal of the (king's or queen's) army in Ireland’ had been revived under the Tudor monarchs. See also Earl Marshal n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house
marshal of the King's (also Queen's) house (also household)1433
marshalc1478
knight marshal1556
marshal1617
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 12 Sir Henrie Bagnoll, Marshall of Ireland, had formerly exhibited to the State diuers articles of treason practised by the Earle of Tyrone, who now would not come to the State without a protection.
1886 Dict. National Biogr. V. 53/1 In September 1598 Bingham left England with five thousand men to assume the office of marshal of Ireland, vacated by the death in battle at Blackwater of Sir Henry Bagnall.
1894 Dict. National Biogr. XXXVII. 5/2 Massey..died a full general, colonel of the 27th Inniskilling foot, marshal of the army in Ireland..on 7 May 1804.
3.
a. An officer of a court of law responsible for the custody of prisoners and for the keeping of order, and frequently entrusted with the keeping of a prison. Also Marshal of the Exchequer, Marshal of the King's (also Queen's) Bench. Now historical.Such officers obtained the title as being deputies of the Marshal of England (see sense 2a).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > officer who has charge of prisoners
marshalc1300
to go by baston1449
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 802 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 129 Oþur is [the king's] Marschales scholden swiþe anon is bodi to prisone take... Þe Marchales [c1300 Harl. marschals] i-redie weren to prisone him lede a-non.
1437 Rolls of Parl. IV. 509/2 Thomas Stamford..was committed to the Marchall, in prison to abide.
1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 291/2 The same William, was late Marshall of the Marshallsie of the Kings Bench.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Gen. Table sig. Lvi And therfore I call him cheffe marshall an officer as is the lefetenaunte of the toure, or master of the marshalsye.
1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 56 The..Lords..awarded him to the custody of the Marshall.
1674 W. Lloyd Difference Church & Court of Rome 9 He that..goes at large on his Parole.., is..no less a Prisoner, than when under Guard, and in the Marshals custody.
1690 London Gaz. No. 2541/2 William Lenthall Esq; now Marshal of the King's Bench.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 285 When once the defendant is taken into custody of the marshall, or prison-keeper of this court [of king's bench].
1831–2 in T. Chitty Archbold's Pract. Court Queen's Bench (1838) II. 915 All prisoners who have been..in the custody of the marshal or warden for the space of one calendar month after they are supersedeable, although not superseded, shall be forthwith discharged.
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxxii. 281 The Marshal of the Marshalsea..had got him hard and fast.
1933 Speculum 8 9 The Marshall is ordered February 4, 1454, to keep Malory securely in the prison of the Marshalsea.
1991 H. Barty-King Worst Poverty (BNC) The warden of the Fleet and the marshal of the King's Bench Prison..should be compensated.
b. marshal of the King's (also Queen's) house (also household) n. an official of the royal household who adjudicated in the Marshalsea court; = knight marshal n. (b) at knight n. Compounds 2. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house
marshal of the King's (also Queen's) house (also household)1433
marshalc1478
knight marshal1556
marshal1617
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 447/1 The Steward and Marshall of the Kynges houshold.
1543 tr. Act 2 Hen. IV c. 23 The mareschal of the mareschalsye of the court of our soueraygne lord the kinges house.
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 45 That the Marshall of the Kings House, have the place of the King to heare, and determine Pleas of the Crowne within the Verge.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 200v The Marshall of the K. house.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Marshal of the Queen's House, whose Office is to hear and determine Pleas of the Crown within the Queen's Palace... Clerk Marshal of the Queen's House, an Officer that attends the Marshal [of the Queen's House] in his Court.
1959 Earl Jowitt & C. Walsh Dict. Eng. Law II. 1149/2 The office of Marshal of the King's Household no longer exists.
c. In full Marshal of the (†Court of) Admiralty; also admiralty marshal. Originally: a principal officer of the Court of Admiralty under the authority of the Lord High Admiral of England. Subsequently: the holder of an equivalent post in the modern court system; (in wider use) an officer empowered to carry out the orders of a maritime court, including the arrest of vessels.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > naval officials > [noun] > officer of court of admiralty
Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts
alderman1275
steward of the manor1303
Queen's (also King's) Proctor?a1425
remembrancer1451
augmentationer1550
associate1552
procurator-fiscal1564
proctor-fiscal1565
chafer1587
custos brevium1589
examiner1594
chafe-wax1607
exceptor1728
procurator general1740
Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769
Pundit of the Supreme Court1827
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > officers with police duties
ship's corporal1626
master-at-arms1732
marshal1769
jaunty1902
crusher1908
1679–88 in J. Y. Akerman Moneys Secret Services Charles II & James II (1851) 29 Daniel Gyles, Marshall of the Vice Admiralty of Southampton and the Isle of Wight.]
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Admiral Vice-Admiral is also a civil officer appointed by the lords-commissioners of the admiralty. There are several of these officers..in different parts of Great-Britain, with judges and marshals under them.
1770 Ann. Reg. 1769 102 From the marshal of the admiralty in Holderness.
1774 in 14th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1896) App. X. 211 The humble Memorial of James Ferguson,..Marshal of the Court of Admiralty in West Florida.
1802 Naval Chron. 8 423 The Deputy Marshal of the Admiralty.., with his silver oar.
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 162 The marshal is now paid by a salary of £500, in addition to his travelling expenses.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 205/1 The High Court of Admiralty of Ireland..having a judge, a registrar, a marshal and a king's or queen's advocate.
1975 Times 4 July 4/8 The Admiralty Court yesterday granted..an order that the tall ship, Regina Maris, be appraised and sold by the Admiralty marshal to pay a debt.
1999 MLAANZ Jrnl. (Maritime Law Assoc. Austral. & N.Z.) 14 i. 26 A ship is arrested by the Marshal acting as an officer of the court... Once arrested, a ship cannot be moved from the place of arrest without the authority of the Marshal.
d. An official (latterly usually a barrister) who accompanies a judge on circuit to act as secretary and personal assistant. More fully judge's marshal.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > attendant on judge or magistrate
lictorc1384
porter1607
javelin-man1705
judge's marshal1830
javelin1849
javelineer1879
1830 C. Lyell Let. 28 June in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) I. 124 Judge Richardson introduced me to his marshal, Bosanquet, a barrister.
1861 M. Arnold Let. 20 Mar. My brother-marshal, young Thesiger,..is a very good fellow.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 770/1 The official known as a judge's marshal, whose office is of considerable antiquity, and whose duties consisted of making abstracts of indictments and pleadings for the use of the judge, still survives, but no longer exercises the above functions. He accompanies a judge of assize on circuit.
1959 Earl Jowitt & C. Walsh Dict. Eng. Law II. 1149/1 Marshall,..He is personal officer of the judge and performs the duties of secretary.
4. A person (originally in a royal or noble house) responsible for arranging or supervising ceremonies, esp. a person responsible for the arrangement, etc., of guests at a banquet or other formal occasion (formerly often †marshal of the hall). Also figurative. archaic.In the English royal household the Marshal of the ceremonies was an official of the Lord Chamberlain's department, ranking below the Master of the ceremonies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > veterinarian > farrier
marshalc1387
horse-leech1493
horse marshal1508
farrier1562
horse-doctor1672
mule-doctor1678
hippiatrica1690
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 752 A semely man oure hoost was with alle For to been a marchal in an halle.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2662 (MED) Youthe..Of Loves Court was Mareschal.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 10961 Þer maistres, marschalles ferd aboute, delyuerd stedes within, withoute.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 1199 (MED) Abak stood idilnesse ferr from the laboreer, Discrecioun marchall at dyneer & sopeer, Content with mesour.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) 1543 Hys mareschal swythe com hym too: ‘Sere, he sayde, hou schal we doo? Swylk fowayle as we bought yistyrday, For no catel gete I may’.
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 185 The office of a connynge vschere or marshalle with-owt fable must know alle estates of the church goodly & greable.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 4 He callit his marschall till him tyt And bad him luk on all maner That he ma till his men gud cher.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 33 §14 John Hanley Squyer, oon of the Marshallis of oure Hall.
1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. B.ii After that ye marshall [1611 King James Bible John ii. 9, ruler of the feast] dyd tast of the water tourned in to wyne.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 259 Schir Dawid Lyndsay..and Johnne Inglische the mairchall quho war..spetiall serwandis to the Kingis grace.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 126 Reason becomes the Marshall to my will, And leads mee to your eyes. View more context for this quotation
1631 T. Fuller Davids Sinne xxxvi. sig. B3v Others strive, Like sturdy Martialls, far away to drive The drowsy Droanes, that harbour in the hiue.
1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica iii. 31 They..send their Harbingers before to take up lodgings, and Martials to make way.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Marshal of the Ceremonies, an Officer whose Business it is in all things, to receive Commands from the Master of the Ceremonies..for the Queen's Service.
1761 J. Hall-Stevenson Fables for Grown Gentlemen v. 22 Oft, like a blundering marshal at a feast, Joining a scoundrel to his grace.
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xiv. 74 A shrilly trumpet shook the ground, And marshals cleared the ring.
1836 in J. Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) II. 647 Robert C. Winthrop acted as Chief Marshal of the Day, and the following gentlemen as Assistant Marshals.
1884 Leisure Hour June 374/1 The marshal of the hall..bearing the grace-cup and spice-plate of his lord.
1991 W. H. C. Smith Napoleon III (BNC) Vaillant had been..Grand Marshal of the palace, and as such..responsible for the day-to-day running of the Household.
5.
a. An officer responsible for public order; cf. provost marshal n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > officer in charge of discipline or prisoners
provost marshal1535
provost1590
marshala1599
provost sergeant1825
Jack1854
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 57 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) That were a harder course Eudoxus, to redresse every abuse by a marshall.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. vii. 54 A Controversie did arise betweene Moroghe Mac Shihy, Marshall to James Fits Thomas, and the Marshall of Dermond.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxi. 233 Himselfe accompanied with the President, and the Marshall advanced forwards towards the Scout.
b. Nautical. An officer on board ship responsible for ensuring the proper carrying out of punishments. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > officer supervising punishment
marshal1626
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > sailors with other specific duties on ship
sounder1575
carpenter1626
marshal1626
mastman1649
master of voyage1771
tierer1825
legger1831
call boy1835
bellboy1851
paymaster1852
snubber1853
leadsman1857
lamps1866
berther1867
bailer1883
waistboater1891
tanky1909
planesman1945
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 4 The Marshall is to punish offendors, and to see Iustice executed according to directions, as ducking at Yards arme.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xv. 73 In English ships they seldome vse any Marshall.
c. = city marshal n. at city n. Compounds 1a(b). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > specific officials of City of London
secondary1603
marshal1905
1905 Whitaker's Almanack 356 Officers of the City of London..Marshal, Capt. E. J. T. Kearns.
6.
a. At Oxford University: the chief of the proctors' attendants, who heads the University police.The authority of the office-holder originally extended beyond members of the University (see first quot.). Cf. sense 6b.
ΚΠ
1607 Oxf. Univ. Arch. (MS) WP B/5/1/1 Paid by the University for the maintainance of the Workmaster and Marshall of the Beggars Anno Domini 1607.
1810 Oxf. Univ. Cal. p. xvii University Officers, &c...Belman…Marshal.
1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green xi. 103 The proctor with his marshal and bull-dogs.
1935 L. H. D. Buxton & S. Gibson Oxf. Univ. Ceremonies 46 The Marshal's duties are to attend and ring a hand-bell at funerals, to supervise the University police, and to assist the Proctors in their relations with undergraduates.
1995 Oxf. Handbk. 1996 19/1 They [sc. the Proctors] are assisted by the University Marshal, and the Bulldogs, who are only ever seen hanging around..after exams to stop everyone from spraying champagne all over each other.
b. At Cambridge University: an official appointed by the Council of the Senate to act as an administrative officer to the Vice-Chancellor, to attend the Vice-Chancellor on ceremonial occasions, and to assist in the presentation of graduands.The office was instituted in its original form in 1620, as a joint appointment made by the Vice-Chancellor and the Mayor of Cambridge, principally to apprehend vagrants and to give them over to the town constables. From 1858 to 1885 there were two University marshals.
ΚΠ
1620 Tabor's Precedents in Cambr. Univ. Arch. (Collect. Admin. 40.) 25 Samuel Marde..of the Universitie of Cambridge, And Richard Howton Maior of the Towne of Cambridge..appoynte William Walton..Officer & Martiall.
1800 Cambr. Univ. Cal. 6 Yeoman Bedell, John Lawton. Marshall, John Taylor. School-keeper, John Marshall. Printer, John Burges.
1996 Notes for Praelectors (Univ. Cambr.) 14 The graduands are arranged behind in the order in which they are to be presented... The exact position will be indicated by the Marshal.
c. In various other (esp. U.S.) universities: an official appointed to regulate or assist in ceremonial events.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > ceremonial officials > [noun] > official who organizes ceremonies > of a body or society
marshal1969
1969 M. K. Gunn Guide to Academic Protocol vi. 65 Marshals..are usually younger faculty members who wear their academic gowns, and aiguillettes for identification...They also organize the various sections of the academic procession.
1984 Currents May 20/3 Although the duties vary greatly from campus to campus, the chief marshal is usually the chief protocol officer for an institution's ceremonial occasions.
7.
a. In colonial America: an officer having various judicial and administrative duties, as the serving of writs, levying and collection of fines, etc. Also (High) Marshal of the Colony. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > other specific officers of justice
exactora1425
marshal1611
centgrave1647
custos rotulorum1683
custos1739
awarder1826
protocol1865
1611 T. de la Warre Relations in Narr. Early Virginia (1907) 212 I made choise of Captaine George Pearcie..to remain Deputie Governour, untill the comming of the Marshall, Sir Thomas Dale.
1615 R. Hamor True Disc. Present Estate Virginia p. iv It hath thriued vnder the cammaund both of Sir Thomas Gates Knight, Gouernor, and Sir Thomas Dale Knight, and Marshall of the Collonie, these three yeeres and more.
1642 in Suffolk Deeds (Suffolk County, Mass.) (1880) I. 37 To the marshall or his deputy. By vertue hereof you are required to levy of the lands of John Samms to the Valew of fifty pounds and eighteene shillings.
1662 in J. C. Frost Rec. Town of Jamaica, Long Island, N.Y. (1914) I. 14 Richard Brutnell shall bee marshall ffor ys year.
1684 J. Moodey in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1861) 4th Ser. V. 119 He ordered the Marshal to drop me at Captain Stileman's.
1888 Dict. National Biogr. XIII. 385/2 In 1609, he was sent out to Virginia as marshal of the colony, the government of which was then reorganised on a military footing under Lord De la Warr.
1995 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 16 Apr. 1 In May 1611, Sir Thomas Dale was appointed High Marshal of the colony of Virginia.
b. Chiefly U.S. A legal officer appointed to a judicial district, responsible for executing court precepts, and having duties similar to those of a sheriff.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S.
sheriff1662
federal agent1781
marshal1789
marshal1830
federales1958
1789 Ann. 1st Congr. (U.S.) I. 86 I also nominate, for District Judges, Attorneys, and Marshals, the persons whose names are below.
1793 T. Jefferson Let. 1 Sept. in Papers (1997) XXVII. 6 Rescuing a vessel out of the hands of the marshal who had arrested her by process from a court of justice.
1800 J. Adams Let. 13 Aug. in Wks. (1854) IX. 76 I have agreed to the appointment of Major David Hopkins to be marshal of Maryland.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 513 By the returns of the South Carolina marshals, the cash value of land, in the State, appears to be $5.08 an acre.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 107 The aggregate production [of bullion] was reported by the assistant marshal as follows.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 770/1 There are United States marshals also in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines.
1946 Chicago Daily News 19 Dec. 5/1 [He] surrendered to the U.S. marshal today on draft evasion charges.
1974 Times 20 Feb. 1/5 They would be housed in a hotel in the custody of United States marshals, and would not be allowed to communicate with any non-jurors.
1984 New Yorker 12 Nov. 47/2 He was..a United States marshal,..he had been appointed to carry out the wishes of the judicial district in which he lived, and had duties similar to those of a sheriff.
c. U.S. marshal-at-arms n. a sergeant-at-arms in the House of Representatives (see sergeant n. 5). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in U.S.A. > lower house > official of
marshal-at-arms1792
1792 M. Cutler Let. 5 Mar. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 483 The Speaker of the House sent the Marshal-at-Arms to summon them to attend the House.
d. U.S. A law-enforcement officer appointed by the federal government, the governor of a state or territory, or the people of a city.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S.
sheriff1662
federal agent1781
marshal1789
marshal1830
federales1958
1830 E. Williams N.-Y. Ann. Reg. 283 Common Council of Troy. Samuel McCoun, Mayor, Daniel Gardner, Recorder..Justin Kellogg, Marshal.
1866 in E. E. Dale & J. L. Rader Readings in Oklahoma Hist. (1930) 363 [The governor of the territory of Oklahoma] shall have authority to appoint a marshal of said territory.
1908 W. H. Davies Autobiogr. Super-tramp 48 With that the marshal of the town stood before the open door, showing the star of his authority on his dark clothes.
1990 New Yorker 5 Feb. 54/2 Hamer then became a ‘town tamer’—in a town, Navasota, that was very tough to tame. When he pinned on the city marshal's badge there, Navasota was a boomtown in which shootouts on the main street were so frequent that in three years at least a hundred men had died.
8. An official (often one of several) at a sporting event responsible for supervising arrangements for competitors, controlling spectators, etc. Now also in more general use: an official with supervisory or organizational duties at any event or in any situation where many people are gathered; an attendant, usher.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > judging or umpiring > [noun] > official
marshal1927
1927 Autocar 19 Aug. 339/1 Two particularly drenched pit marshals' lives were saved by whisky sent out by their friends.
1934 B. Lyndon Circuit Dust i. 10 The Fascisti proved willing to act as marshals along the course, obliging non-competitors to keep to the correct side of the road.
1940 New Statesman 19 Oct. 372/2 Lord Horder's Committee attaches much importance to the shelter marshals, who should be paid, whole-time officials, chosen from the wardens' service..and given a status which would entitle them to the help of the police and authority over the shelterers.
1962 Track & Field Guide (Amer. Assoc. Health) 75 Suggested officials for a meet... 1 clerk of course, 1 marshal, 1 scorer, [etc.].
1975 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 2 June 45 Some 300 U.S. Park Police and scores of volunteer ‘marshals’ found themselves unable to protect the relatively few whites among the predominantly black crowd, or to catch many offenders.
1992 Bicycle Feb. 63/3 You will have a whirlwind affair with a race marshal which will cause..your marriage to go down the pan.
III. A person holding a military post.
9.
a. Originally: any senior army officer; a commander, a general. Later (esp. in marshal of the field, marshal of the camp): an officer of a definite rank, which varied according to period and country; see also field marshal n. Also figurative. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > ceremonial officials > [noun] > official who organizes ceremonies
heraldc1384
marshala1400
marshaller1616
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > quartermaster-general
marshal of the field?a1560
camp-mastera1569
field marshal1614
quartermaster general1616
marshal of the campa1628
tent-master1648
camp-marshal1670
camp-master-general1693
QMG1758
D.A.Q.M.G.-
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > officer of other specific ranks > specifically in foreign armies
turcopolier1481
marshal?a1560
sergeant-general of battle1685
anspessade1697
regimentary1731
sub-commandant1798
sotnik1799
bimbashi1819
toxarch1828
Junker1843
Standartenführer1933
Reichsführer1935
Sturmbannführer1955
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7630 (MED) Saul..made him [sc. David] ledder and marscal.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. 200 Had I ben Marschal of his men.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 16 The king of Hungry is of right marschall of cristendom in the werres ayenst the hethen.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 105 The ledare of the bataill, yat men callis now Constable, or marschall, jn his absence.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts xxiii. 9–10 The marciall [L. tribunus] fearyng lest that Paul [etc.].
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) Pref. sig. A ijv The Marshall of the fielde shall..appoynt place conuenient for his Campe.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 11 Ouid the high Martial of Venus feeld plantethhis [sic] mayn battell in publike assemblies.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. C3 The Marshall generall of the field.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 86 That an Army of infinite small portions or seeds vnplaced, should haue produced this order, and beauty without a diuine Marshall.
a1628 F. Greville Life of Sidney (1651) xii. 143 Meeting the Marshall of the Camp lightly armed.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Marshals are also Military Officers, as the Camp-Marshal, who is the next Officer to the Lieutenant General.
1698 in Harleian Misc. (1809) III. 343 The marshals du camp ran away with it clearly to raise the siege.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xii. 242 The marshals of the field surveyed their ranks with the utmost exactness.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xvi. 177 Aulus rides, with him; legates then of legions, His marshals of the camp and of the horse.
b. An officer of the highest rank in any of various armies. Often as a prefixed title. (In the 18th cent. usually in form mareschal, the standard form of the French word until the middle of the century.) Cf. maréchal n.The full designation Maréchal de France in the French army is rendered in English as Marshal of France.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > marshal
marshala1470
maréchal1841
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 205 Evyn at the mete-whyle come two messyngers, that one was the Marchall of Fraunce.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xviii. 473 Off Fraunce..knychtis twa;..The tothyr wes the merschell Bretayn That wes a wele gret lord at hame.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxxijv There were manye of the Nobilitie taken, amonges whome was the hyghe Mareshall of Fraunce.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 157 For the Marshals of France, 18000 [crowns] apeece, when they were but foure; for now it is a Title only, without either pension or command, save only in the foure chiefe.
1675 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir (1858) 507 Marachall de Coiquie his armie..are..cut off.
1689 Bp. G. Burnet Tracts I. 25 Had a brevet to be a Marischal of France.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 174. ⁋11 He and the Duke of Berwick are to command the French Army, the rest of the Mareschals being only to assist in Council.
1745 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 27 Jan. (1966) II. 349 It is reported here that the takeing of Mareschall Bell lisle will make the residence of France very unsafe to all the English.
1751 D. Hume Enq. Princ. Morals vi. 123 Such is the Excellence which St. Evremond ascribes to Mareschal Turenne.
1783 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener (1931) 187 At St Germains the Marichal de Noel..has a very curiouss gardin.
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. lxi Some of our Marshals have been invited to visit the Allied lines.
1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 80 What might be the Marshal's next move, what Gambetta's counter-play.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 513/1 The victory gained..by the British, Portuguese and Spaniards, under Marshal Beresford, over the French army commanded by Marshal Soult.
1954 Life 19 Apr. 30/2 It was started by Marshall Alphonse Juin.., who is France's first soldier.
1993 Newsweek 19 Apr. 31/1 The Germans, Italians and the Ustashe were harassed by..Marshal Tito's Communist partisans.
c. An officer in a military order (see quots.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > member of order of knights, etc. > [noun] > master of
Master of Pruce1442
Great Masterc1480
grand master1563
marshal1615
master1654
Master of the Temple1706
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 230 The Martiall, the Maister of the Hospitall, the Admirall, the Chancelor, &c. [of the Knights of Malta].
1899 N.E.D. at Hospitaller Grand Hospitaller, the third dignity of the order, after the Grand Commander and the Grand Marshal.
10. An officer of any of several high ranks in the Royal Air Force, as Marshal of the Air, Marshal of the Royal Air Force; also Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice-Marshal (see air n.1 Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > airman > [noun] > officer in air force > marshal
marshal1919
1919 Times 4 Aug. 12/6 His Majesty..has approved of new titles for the commissioned ranks of the Royal Air Force. These are..Marshal of the Air, Air Chief-Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice-Marshal...It will probably be some time before we have a Marshal of the Air, as at present there is no officer of the rank of either Air Chief-Marshal or Air Marshal.
1919 Times 7 Aug. 14/6 Air Vice-Marshal Trenchard..made the Air Force become the powerful and formidable fighting machine that it was.
1919 Times 19 Aug. 10/4 The King has been pleased to approve the promotion of Air Vice-Marshal Sir H. Trenchard, K.C.B., to Air-Marshal.
1922 Man. Seamanship (Admiralty) I. 11 Marks of Rank...R.A.F. Marshal of the Air. R.N. Admiral of the Fleet.
1943 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning 141 Most of the air-marshals, the leading men in the Air Force, think little of dive bombers.
1968 Who's Who 1331/2 (heading) Harris, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Travers.
1989 Aircraft Illustr. Feb. 65/4 ACM Sir David Craig has been promoted to the rank of Marshal of the RAF.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

marshalv.

Brit. /ˈmɑːʃl/, U.S. /ˈmɑrʃəl/
Forms: late Middle English marchal, late Middle English–1600s 1800s– marshall (chiefly U.S.), late Middle English– marshal, 1500s– martial (now rare), 1600s marshial; Scottish pre-1700 marchel, pre-1700 marchell, pre-1700 marschal, pre-1700 marschall, pre-1700 marschel, pre-1700 marschell, pre-1700 merchal, pre-1700 merchell, pre-1700 merschal, pre-1700 merschall, pre-1700 merschel, pre-1700 merschele, pre-1700 merschell, pre-1700 1700s– marshal, 1800s mershall.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: marshal n.
Etymology: < marshal n. Compare post-classical Latin marescallare to shoe or doctor (a horse) (from 13th cent. in British sources).For U.S. spelling see note s.v. marshal n.
I. Senses relating to farriery.
1. transitive. To tend (a horse) as a farrier. Also: to conceal a defect in (a horse); = fake v.2 4c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > practise veterinary medicine and surgery [verb (transitive)] > treat as farrier
marshalc1450
farry1807
farrier1814
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)] > material things
counterfeitc1386
marshalc1450
falsify1601
water1646
to quack titles1715
distress1943
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 150 This hand marchaleth hors and maketh the badde seeme good to hem that wolen bigge hem.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 762 With his gud suerd the captayn has he tayn Quhill hors agayne he marscheld neuir nayn.
1506 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 202 Item, to deif Andro that marshalit foure hors to the King xiiijs.
1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 307 To merschele and mend the Kingis hors.
II. To arrange, draw up, usher, etc.
2.
a. transitive. To arrange, place, or rank (a person) at a banquet, table, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast on [verb (transitive)] > arrange places at feast
marshala1475
a1475 [implied in: J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 194 Thus may ye devise youre marshallynge..to þe honoure and worshippe of youre souereyn euery where. (at marshalling n.)].
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dv The meryest on mold marschalit at mete.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 693 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 116 All war merschalit to meit meikly & myth.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. vjv The Kyng caused the Quene to kepe the estate, and then satte the Ambassadours and Ladies, as thei were Marshalled by the kyng, who would not sit, but walked from place to place.
1654 Trag. Alphonsus ii. 23 I hope to Marshal them to th' Devils Feast.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 96. ⁋1 It has cost me very much Care..to marshal and fix the People under their proper Denominations.
1756 S. Foote Englishman return'd from Paris i. 26 Next proceeds the Master, to marshal the Guests, in which as much Caution is necessary, as at a Coronation.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. vi. 49 And there he marshall'd them their place, First of that company.
1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zicci 76 The guests were marshalled to the board.
1843 T. B. Macaulay Madame D'Arblay in Eclectic Mag. Apr. 468/2 In order that we may..marshal her to the exact seat to which she is entitled, we must carry our examination somewhat further.
1896 J. Todhunter Three Irish Bardic Tales 48 Rank and order due Were kept between them all, each Bard, or Chief, or King Being marshalled to his place by stewards of the feast.
b. transitive. To classify or count with or among a group of people. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > count in or include among
reckona1382
numberc1384
accountc1390
musterc1425
counta1530
adnumber?1531
marshal1559
recount1564
calculate1643
1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 587 in Wks. (1931) I. 73 The Erle of Marche wes merschellit yam amang.
1583 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1728) III. 183 The painful Pastors and Ministers of the Word..are marshalled with the worst Malefactors.
c. transitive. To arrange (a banquet). Also with up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > entertain with food > give or arrange a feast or dinner
makeOE
marshal1587
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1434/1 The vshers marshalled the feast.
1613 T. Dekker Strange Horse-race sig. F3v These Bankrouts..Martiald vp a Banquet, rellishing likewise of their name, carriage, and condition.
1684 J. Arrowsmith tr. Plutarch Lives II. 229 There was the same Spirit shown in Marshalling a Banquet as an Army, whilst the one was to be rendred very dreadful to the Enemy, the other very acceptable to the Guests.
1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil Æneid I. i. 43 A hundred Boys and Virgins stood around, The Banquet marshal'd, and the Goblet crown'd.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. v. 112 The numerous and contradictory commands of her mistress, concerning..the mode of marshalling and dishing the dinner.
1832 W. Wordsworth tr. Virgil Æneid i, in Philol. Museum I. 384 While a hundred more..Marshal the banquet, giving with due grace To cup or viand its appointed place.
3.
a. transitive. To arrange or draw up (armed forces) for fighting, exercise, or review; to arrange or organize in a body or procession.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)] > specific people
marshal1543
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > arrange in (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (transitive)] > specific people
rangea1460
arrange1487
marshal1543
rank1573
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array
setc1275
host1297
ordainc1300
devisec1325
battle1330
arraya1375
stuffc1390
addressa1393
embattle1393
fit?a1400
stedilla1400
fewterc1440
to pitch (also set) a fielda1500
order1509
pitcha1513
deraign1528
marshal1543
re-embattle1590
size1802
form1816
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 113 (MED) So I shall vs marshall as I can, A fore a Bryton a Saxon sette full rife.
1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. Kv A day of battell was set, wherein when both the armies were martialed..in their seuerall ranckes.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 49 To commaund the men to be marshalled into the order that shall bee appointed.
1601 S. Daniel Ciuill Warres (rev. ed.) iv. xviii. f. 53, in Wks. Those..troupes so marshaled..That euen his soule seemd onely to direct So great a body, such exploytes t'effect.
1611 Bible (King James) Josh. i. 14 Ye shall passe before your brethren armed [Margin] marshalled by fiue.
1725 R. Wolcott Poet. Meditations 69 The General Commands the Officers with speed, To see his Men drawn up and Martialed.
1760 S. Fielding Ophelia I. xxvi. 215 A new Way of martialing his Army.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 271 Marshalling his numerous host.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xii. 75 The duke..had marshalled his forces in a very different order.
1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxv. 113 We were marshalled in order and soon started.
1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. viii. 255 King Henry and Duke William..were now marshalling their troops.
1959 G. Mattingly Defeat of Spanish Armada 115 Meanwhile the local gentry were martialling the Portuguese militia.
1982–3 18th-cent. Stud. 16 211 All the powers had professed desire for a ‘free’ election, but did not hesitate to buy votes and to marshal their troops.
b. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). To take up position in or as in a military array or a procession. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > get or fall into arrangement [verb (intransitive)]
marshal1583
arrange1805
form1821
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (reflexive)]
rengec1330
marshal1583
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 115 The three Horatii marshalling together in the combat, queld their countermarching enemies, but seperated and disioyned, were all one after an other slaine.
1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 124 They busie were in marshalling, Themselues to fight within the meddowes faire.
a1640 P. Massinger Guardian iv. i, in Three New Playes (1655) 64 They are come, I know it by the Cornet that I plac'd On the hill to give me notice: Marshal your selves I'the Rear.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 44 These new diminutive Particles should again assemble and marshal themselves into corpuscles.
1709 J. Reynolds Death's Vision vii. 18 See, How they Marshall! How their Forces Join!
1736 S. Wesley Poems 326 The Seats of Heav'n, at Jove's commanding Nod, Marshall'd themselves, miraculous to view!
1806 A. Duncan Life Nelson 37 The procession was marshalling.
1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxviii. 190 Her serving men..marshal mutely round, and look from each to each with eye-lids red.
1903 F. C. Montague Macaulay's Ess. III. 1 His ideas marshal themselves in an unbroken rhetorical order.
1986 R. Thomas White Dove vii. 170 Adeline marshalled herself to dissuade Amy..but..the battle was already lost.
1993 C. MacDougall Lights Below 63 Some of the men refused to marshal till they'd had their dinner and we had to carry the banner till they were ready.
c. transitive. To draw up or deploy soldiers along (a street). Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1332/1 Ten others [sc. ensigns] which had marshalled the streets vnto the market place.
4.
a. transitive. To arrange or set (things, material or immaterial) in methodical order; to assemble and put in order. (Now usually with military overtones; see sense 3a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)]
stightc825
fadec1020
orderc1225
adightc1275
dightc1275
castc1320
raila1350
form1362
stightlea1375
rayc1380
informa1382
disposea1387
throwc1390
addressa1393
shifta1400
rengea1425
to set forth?c1450
rule1488
rummage1544
marshalc1547
place1548
suit1552
dispone1558
plat1587
enrange1590
draw1663
range1711
arrange1791
to lay out1848
c1547 Vox Populi iv, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 405 Then showld ye se the trade That marchantmen frist mayde, Whyche wysse men dyd marshall, For a welth vnyversall.
1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. D3 Noble men and other great landed ones..in their vsuall conveighances do marshall the fal of theyr inheritances by limitation vpon limitation euen to the tenth son of theyr body begotten.
1586 I. Rosse Pref. Verses in J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie sig. Aixv In like sort shall you see How states of men are martialed, and placed in degree.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xxviii. §4. 636 These narrations of Herodotus may, euery one of them, bee true; though not in such order of time as he hath marshalled them.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 21 Dec. (1972) VII. 417 So to the office in the evening to marshall my papers.
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 249 With feeble steps from marshalling his Vines Returning.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 472 Having thus marshalled the several species of corporations, let us [etc.].
1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 293 Mrs. Bennet, milliner..who..marshalled a compter full of caps and bonnets at one side of the shop.
1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems ii. 276 Ye stars, Who slowly begin to marshal..Your distant, melancholy lines!
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 226 The hostile Senate..had even then marshalled against him a long array of omens and portents.
1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child i. vi. 76 He annoys me. I cannot marshal my thoughts in his presence.
1965 J. A. Michener Source (1967) 463 He acted as if he could persuade any man to his conviction, if only he could talk with him long enough; like a clever Greek he could marshal facts to support any position he had taken.
1992 Economist 11 July 109/2 The exhibition has also marshalled an interesting array of memorabilia.
b. transitive. Law. To arrange (assets or securities), either in order to give effect to the priority of debts in the administration of the estates of the dead, or, where several creditors have competing claims against a debtor's property, to allow as many creditors as possible to enforce their rights.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > other money-dealing operations
to part stakes (also shares)1553
marshal1771
float1872
squeeze1885
hedge1909
block1932
to lock in1950
divest1962
reintermediate1971
launder1973
wash1973
1771 F. Vesey Cases High Court Chancery 2 5 Though the court will help her by marshalling assets.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 178 [The court's] rules for marshelling [sic] assets.
1862 in Jrnl. Econ. Hist. (1989) 49 976 The Assets shall be marshalled for the Benefit of the general Creditors.
1902 H. G. Newton in Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 136/1 In partnership cases the creditors of the partnership elect the trustee... The assets are marshalled, partnership assets being applied first to partnership claims and individual assets to individual claims.
1951 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 45 197 The United States is engaged in marshalling assets in order to create a pool out of which all American creditors of Russia might satisfy their claims pro-rata.
1993 R. C. C. Cuming & R. J. Wood Brit. Columbia Personal Property Security Act Handbk. (ed. 2) vi. lxviii. 441 The court may marshal the funds so that the senior creditor must first resort to the fund in which the junior creditor has no interest.
c. transitive. To arrange (the carriages, trucks, etc., of a goods train) in the correct order. Cf. quot. 1884 at marshalling n.
ΚΠ
1919 Westm. Gaz. 9 Sept. These forty trains marshalled per hour..by which 2400 containers would be marshalled and ready for loading per hour.
1986 H. I. Andrews Railway Traction iv. 71 Different motor-coach sets may be marshalled in the same train.
5. transitive. Heraldry. To combine (two or more coats of arms) in one escutcheon, so as to form a single composition; to associate (accessories) with a coat of arms, so as to form a complete achievement.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > exhibit armorial bearings [verb (transitive)] > combine coats of arms
marshal1572
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 121v I haue omitted to marshal the same [coat] either with helme, wreathe, or mantle.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie vi. i. 256 If a bordured Coat be to be Marshalled amongst other Coats quarterly.
1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xv. 129 The arms of a Husband and Wife are marshalled in a single Shield.
1889 C. N. Elvin Dict. Heraldry 88/1 Marshalling, a Grand Quartering..unites the two associated coats so inseparably, that if they come to be Marshalled with other quarterings..they still remain together as a Grand Quartering.
1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry ii. 15 When several arms were marshalled on the same shield each corresponding crest was placed on a helmet on top.
1991 Antiquaries Jrnl. 70 96 The quarters include those appearing on the Warwick Plate, but in addition there is marshalled that of Grey.
6. transitive. To usher or guide (a person) on his or her way; to lead or conduct ceremoniously. Also: to point out (the way) (rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide
leada900
conduec1330
conductc1400
convey14..
condc1460
conducec1475
convoyc1480
carrya1522
wain1540
train1549
marshal1590
gallant1806
usha1824
trot1888
get1984
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. C8 Our conquering swords shall marshal vs the way We vse to march vpon the slaughtered foe.
1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vi. sig. F1v Mark in what triumphant and proud manner, he is marshalled through Newgate.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 42 Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going. View more context for this quotation
a1764 R. Lloyd Prol. 10 Himself shall marshal out the way to taste.
1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari iv. i, in Sardanapalus 275 Each night I see them Stalk frowning round my couch, and, pointing towards The ducal palace, marshal me to vengeance.
1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous iv, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 132 The abbot marshalled him to the door of Augustine's chamber.
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxiii. 211 Mr. Crawley had marshalled him into the room.
1923 ‘R. Crompton’ William Again iv. 85 Eglantine saw a hedge with a gate in it and marshalled her party through that.
1935 I. Compton-Burnett House & its Head ii. 16 Gretchen marshalled her flock out of church directly the service concluded.
1992 M. S. Weaver My Father's Geogr. 26 You lumbered along the stadium like a sinner being marshaled to baptism.
7. transitive. To order or regulate (participants) in a race or competition. In more general use: to supervise at any public event. Also intransitive.
ΚΠ
1971 K. Foreman & V. Husted Track & Field Techniques for Girls & Women (ed. 2) xvii. 251 All runners are marshaled along the chute by ‘controllers’ until their tags have been received by the official recorder.
1985 Trucking Internat. May 32/1 In between marshalling competitors and checking off results..Bill Toms told me how pleased he was that so many clubs had managed to put in an appearance.
1987 Sunday Express 7 June 78/1 I used to marshal at race meetings just to be near the cars.
1992 Wildlife News (Berks., Bucks. & Oxon. Naturalists' Trust) Sept. 12/1 Thank you to everyone who helped to make the day such a success—the volunteers who organised registration, served refreshments and marshalled as well as the walkers themselves.

Derivatives

ˈmarshalling adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [adjective] > arranging
marshalling1855
1855 E. Bulwer-Lytton Clytemnestra 329 All the orient skies Are husht, and breathing out a bright surprise Round morning's marshalling star.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxvii. 457 The first scouts of the marshalling forces of the clouds came up in flying shreds.
1908 J. Miller Poems 229 No marshaling troop, no bivouac song; No banners to gleam and wave.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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