Martellon.

Brit.

/mɑːˈtɛləʊ/, U.S.

/mɑrˈtɛloʊ/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymon: proper name Mortella.

Etymology: Alteration of the name of Cape Mortella in Corsica (probably < Italian mortella wild myrtle), after Italian martello hammer (see martel n.¹).A small circular fort on Cape Mortella was captured with some difficulty by the British fleet on 8 Feb. 1794 (it had been captured by the British and then abandoned in Sept. 1793). The tower was of a type common in the Mediterranean; the stout resistance which it was able to make with a small force led to a belief among British military experts that the construction had great defensive value, and the erection of such towers was therefore strongly urged on the British government. Construction of such towers was begun by the British in Canada in 1796 and Minorca in 1798; the earliest such fortifications in the British Isles date from 1804. (An alternative explanation is that the name is after Italian Torri di Martello , lit. ‘hammer towers’ (variously explained), denoting various defensive towers on the Italian coast; however, this seems unlikely, especially in view of quot. 1803 at sense 1.)

1. In full Martello tower. A small circular fort with thick stone walls, esp. any of those erected in the British Isles as a coastal defence during the Napoleonic Wars.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower

towerc897

bastillec1400

bastillion1525

cavalier1562

commander1572

torrion1572

mount1590

sentinel1600

sentry1611

cat1628

torne1637

rondel1686

rounder1774

Martello tower1803

1794 D. Dundas Dispatch 21 Feb. in Ann. Reg. App. to Chron. 101*/1 Expecting little opposition from Mortella tower.

1794 D. Dundas Dispatch 21 Feb. in Ann. Reg. App. to Chron. 101*/1 The same day we began to batter the tower of Mortella.]

1803 W. Windham Speeches Parl. 9 Dec. (1812) II. 140 What were known to our officers under the name of Martello Towers, a species of edifice so called from a memorable instance of one at Martello, in Corsica; where, by a tower of this sort, garrisoned by some ten or a dozen men, and mounted with about two guns, a ship of the line of ours, and a frigate, were, during the last war, completely foiled and driven off.

1813 J. Lambert Trav. L. Canada & U.S. (ed. 2) 41 Four martello towers are erecting on the heights [of Quebec].

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 470 A martello is built circular, and thus difficult to hit.

1883 W. Black Shandon Bells xxvii The wide water, the Martello tower.

1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island iv. 30 Kingsport..has in its park a martello tower, autographed all over by tourists.

1978 A. Ritchie & G. Ritchie Anc. Monuments Orkney 81 The impressive Martello Towers, built to guard the deepwater inlet of Longhope between North Walls and South Walls at the SE end of the island of Hoy.

1982 G. M. Fraser Flashman & Redskins 122 There were two huge towers, like martellos, at opposite corners.

2. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1828 J. W. Croker Diary 11 Jan. in Croker Papers (1884) I. xiii. 405 I..told him [sc. Herries] that in quitting his finance he had surrendered his Martello-tower.

1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. iv. 60 I esteem my ignorance of other languages as a kind of Martello-tower, in which I am safe from the furious bombardments of foreign garrulity.

1982 Atlantic Sept. 46/1 A cube of concrete with an Air Force radar antenna sweeping the long horizon... A Martello tower of the twentieth century.

1995 Irish Voice (Electronic ed.) 20 June Everyone who has cracked open James Joyce's Ulysses..and, faced with a Martello tower of frustration in place of an epiphany of beauty and hilarity, opted for the relative safety of the TV remote control.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	martello
释义	Martellon. Brit. /mɑːˈtɛləʊ/, U.S. /mɑrˈtɛloʊ/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymon: proper name Mortella. Etymology: Alteration of the name of Cape Mortella in Corsica (probably < Italian mortella wild myrtle), after Italian martello hammer (see martel n.¹).A small circular fort on Cape Mortella was captured with some difficulty by the British fleet on 8 Feb. 1794 (it had been captured by the British and then abandoned in Sept. 1793). The tower was of a type common in the Mediterranean; the stout resistance which it was able to make with a small force led to a belief among British military experts that the construction had great defensive value, and the erection of such towers was therefore strongly urged on the British government. Construction of such towers was begun by the British in Canada in 1796 and Minorca in 1798; the earliest such fortifications in the British Isles date from 1804. (An alternative explanation is that the name is after Italian Torri di Martello , lit. ‘hammer towers’ (variously explained), denoting various defensive towers on the Italian coast; however, this seems unlikely, especially in view of quot. 1803 at sense 1.) 1. In full Martello tower. A small circular fort with thick stone walls, esp. any of those erected in the British Isles as a coastal defence during the Napoleonic Wars. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower towerc897 bastillec1400 bastillion1525 cavalier1562 commander1572 torrion1572 mount1590 sentinel1600 sentry1611 cat1628 torne1637 rondel1686 rounder1774 Martello tower1803 1794 D. Dundas Dispatch 21 Feb. in Ann. Reg. App. to Chron. 101/1 Expecting little opposition from Mortella tower. 1794 D. Dundas Dispatch* 21 Feb. in Ann. Reg. App. to Chron. 101/1 The same day we began to batter the tower of Mortella.] 1803 W. Windham Speeches Parl.* 9 Dec. (1812) II. 140 What were known to our officers under the name of Martello Towers, a species of edifice so called from a memorable instance of one at Martello, in Corsica; where, by a tower of this sort, garrisoned by some ten or a dozen men, and mounted with about two guns, a ship of the line of ours, and a frigate, were, during the last war, completely foiled and driven off. 1813 J. Lambert Trav. L. Canada & U.S. (ed. 2) 41 Four martello towers are erecting on the heights [of Quebec]. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 470 A martello is built circular, and thus difficult to hit. 1883 W. Black Shandon Bells xxvii The wide water, the Martello tower. 1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island iv. 30 Kingsport..has in its park a martello tower, autographed all over by tourists. 1978 A. Ritchie & G. Ritchie Anc. Monuments Orkney 81 The impressive Martello Towers, built to guard the deepwater inlet of Longhope between North Walls and South Walls at the SE end of the island of Hoy. 1982 G. M. Fraser Flashman & Redskins 122 There were two huge towers, like martellos, at opposite corners. 2. In extended use. ΚΠ 1828 J. W. Croker Diary 11 Jan. in Croker Papers (1884) I. xiii. 405 I..told him [sc. Herries] that in quitting his finance he had surrendered his Martello-tower. 1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. iv. 60 I esteem my ignorance of other languages as a kind of Martello-tower, in which I am safe from the furious bombardments of foreign garrulity. 1982 Atlantic Sept. 46/1 A cube of concrete with an Air Force radar antenna sweeping the long horizon... A Martello tower of the twentieth century. 1995 Irish Voice (Electronic ed.) 20 June Everyone who has cracked open James Joyce's Ulysses..and, faced with a Martello tower of frustration in place of an epiphany of beauty and hilarity, opted for the relative safety of the TV remote control. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1803
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