martial lawn.

Brit.

/ˌmɑːʃl ˈlɔː/, U.S.

/ˌmɑrʃəl ˈlɔ/,

/ˌmɑrʃəl ˈlɑ/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: martial adj., law n.¹

Etymology: < martial adj. + law n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin lex martialis (1534 in a British source).In early use frequently taken to be < marshal n., as being law emanating from the lord marshal (compare quot. 1617 at sense 1); compare general discussion of confusion between the two words s.vv. martial adj. and marshal n.

Law.

1. Originally: measures taken within a country for the defeat of rebels or invaders or (more generally) for the maintenance of public order. Subsequently: spec. government of a country or district by military authority, with ordinary civil law suspended, esp. for the purpose of maintaining order in times of war or civil unrest and when ordinary authority is deemed unable to function.In some (esp. early) uses not distinguishable from sense 2.The nature and scope of martial law varies from country to country. In England, martial law was outlawed in time of peace by the Petition of Right in 1628 but was later declared in various regions under British control, such as Ireland (1799) and Jamaica (1865). In the United States, power to declare martial law is not recognized in the Constitution, but discretion may be granted to the president and state governors in matters of security.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > other systems > [noun] > military government

martial law1533

stratocracy1652

sword-law1667

stratarchy1691

statocracya1704

militarism1841

militaryism1848

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lxi Yf the lawe were so that the iudges myght procede and put felons to answere without endyghtementes, as in treason is vsed in thys realme by the lawe marshall vppon warre rered.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxi Accordyng to the law mershal thei wer adiudged to die.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 27 His Lordship had power..to make Martiall Lawes (he being Lord Martiall of England), and to punish the transgressors.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxiv. 251 Wee doe hereby giue, and commit unto you, full power and authority to execute by Marshall Law, all notable and apparent Offenders and Malefactors.

a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) 40 Touching..Martial Law, these Things are to be observed... First, That in Truth and Reality it is not a Law, but something indulged rather than allowed as a Law; the Necessity of..Order and Discipline in an Army, is that only which can give those Laws a Countenance... Secondly, This indulged Law was only to extend to Members of the Army, or to those of the opposite Army.

1706 Boston News-let. 3 June 5/2 In this time of danger..I shall be forced to put Martial Law in practice.

1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 40 [He] protested that he would go as far in punishing the Criminals as the Martial Law would permit.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. iii. 143 Martial law was proclaimed.

1851 Duke of Wellington in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 115 880 Martial law was neither more nor less than the will of the general who commands the army. In fact, martial law meant no law at all.

1900 Daily News 12 Mar. 5/3 Newspapers..published outside the Martial Law districts.

1958 Visct. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 479 It might be necessary to impose martial law over the whole country.

1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 July 21/3 In Poland, Rosenberg's main subject is the attempts to bring General Jaruzelski to book for the imposition of martial law to crush Solidarity in December 1981.

†2. (a) The body of legislation governing an armed force; a law or rule forming part of this; = military law n. at military adj. and n. Compounds 2. Obsolete. (b) The rules and procedures of summary justice applied in courts martial for the trial and execution of offenders. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > branch of the law > [noun] > martial law

martial law1568

1568 in J. Hooker Life Sir P. Carew (1857) 207 Not by martyall lawe, but by veredicte of twelve men, orderly.

1612 W. Strachey Lawes in P. Force Tracts (1844) III. ii. 10 I do strictly commaund and charge all Captaines and Officers..that they call vpon their people to heare sermons..and that such, who shall often and willfully absent themselues, be duly punished according to the martial law in that case prouided.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. viii. 45 Please your Maiestie, let his Neck answere for it, if there is any Marshall [1600 marshals] Law in the World.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 171 The lawes themselves civill as well as martiall, were publish'd and executed in Latine.

1775 J. Warren Speech 6 Mar. in P. Edes Orations (1785) 64 Martial law and the government of a well regulated city, are so entirely different, that it has always been considered as improper to quarter troops in populous cities.

1797 T. Morton Cure for Heart-ache Epil. 87 The needle dropt, the warlike sword I draw, For oft our Sex must yield to martial law.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. v. 259 For this ordinary crime, the queen could hardly be prevented from directing him to be tried instantly by martial law.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	martial law
释义	martial lawn. Brit. /ˌmɑːʃl ˈlɔː/, U.S. /ˌmɑrʃəl ˈlɔ/, /ˌmɑrʃəl ˈlɑ/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: martial adj., law n.¹ Etymology: < martial adj. + law n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin lex martialis (1534 in a British source).In early use frequently taken to be < marshal n., as being law emanating from the lord marshal (compare quot. 1617 at sense 1); compare general discussion of confusion between the two words s.vv. martial adj. and marshal n. Law. 1. Originally: measures taken within a country for the defeat of rebels or invaders or (more generally) for the maintenance of public order. Subsequently: spec. government of a country or district by military authority, with ordinary civil law suspended, esp. for the purpose of maintaining order in times of war or civil unrest and when ordinary authority is deemed unable to function.In some (esp. early) uses not distinguishable from sense 2.The nature and scope of martial law varies from country to country. In England, martial law was outlawed in time of peace by the Petition of Right in 1628 but was later declared in various regions under British control, such as Ireland (1799) and Jamaica (1865). In the United States, power to declare martial law is not recognized in the Constitution, but discretion may be granted to the president and state governors in matters of security. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > other systems > [noun] > military government martial law1533 stratocracy1652 sword-law1667 stratarchy1691 statocracya1704 militarism1841 militaryism1848 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. lxi Yf the lawe were so that the iudges myght procede and put felons to answere without endyghtementes, as in treason is vsed in thys realme by the lawe marshall vppon warre rered. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxi Accordyng to the law mershal thei wer adiudged to die. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 27 His Lordship had power..to make Martiall Lawes (he being Lord Martiall of England), and to punish the transgressors. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia ii. xxiv. 251 Wee doe hereby giue, and commit unto you, full power and authority to execute by Marshall Law, all notable and apparent Offenders and Malefactors. a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) 40 Touching..Martial Law, these Things are to be observed... First, That in Truth and Reality it is not a Law, but something indulged rather than allowed as a Law; the Necessity of..Order and Discipline in an Army, is that only which can give those Laws a Countenance... Secondly, This indulged Law was only to extend to Members of the Army, or to those of the opposite Army. 1706 Boston News-let. 3 June 5/2 In this time of danger..I shall be forced to put Martial Law in practice. 1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 40 [He] protested that he would go as far in punishing the Criminals as the Martial Law would permit. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. iii. 143 Martial law was proclaimed. 1851 Duke of Wellington in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 115 880 Martial law was neither more nor less than the will of the general who commands the army. In fact, martial law meant no law at all. 1900 Daily News 12 Mar. 5/3 Newspapers..published outside the Martial Law districts. 1958 Visct. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 479 It might be necessary to impose martial law over the whole country. 1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 July 21/3 In Poland, Rosenberg's main subject is the attempts to bring General Jaruzelski to book for the imposition of martial law to crush Solidarity in December 1981. †2. (a) The body of legislation governing an armed force; a law or rule forming part of this; = military law n. at military adj. and n. Compounds 2. Obsolete. (b) The rules and procedures of summary justice applied in courts martial for the trial and execution of offenders. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > branch of the law > [noun] > martial law martial law1568 1568 in J. Hooker Life Sir P. Carew (1857) 207 Not by martyall lawe, but by veredicte of twelve men, orderly. 1612 W. Strachey Lawes in P. Force Tracts (1844) III. ii. 10 I do strictly commaund and charge all Captaines and Officers..that they call vpon their people to heare sermons..and that such, who shall often and willfully absent themselues, be duly punished according to the martial law in that case prouided. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. viii. 45 Please your Maiestie, let his Neck answere for it, if there is any Marshall [1600 marshals] Law in the World. View more context for this quotation 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 171 The lawes themselves civill as well as martiall, were publish'd and executed in Latine. 1775 J. Warren Speech 6 Mar. in P. Edes Orations (1785) 64 Martial law and the government of a well regulated city, are so entirely different, that it has always been considered as improper to quarter troops in populous cities. 1797 T. Morton Cure for Heart-ache Epil. 87 The needle dropt, the warlike sword I draw, For oft our Sex must yield to martial law. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. v. 259 For this ordinary crime, the queen could hardly be prevented from directing him to be tried instantly by martial law. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1533
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