maximalistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmaksᵻml̩ɪst/,

/ˈmaksᵻməlɪst/, U.S.

/ˈmæksəmələst/

Forms: 1900s– Maximalist, 1900s– maximalist.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Russian lexical item. Etymons: maximal adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < maximal adj. + -ist suffix, after Russian maksimalist (1906 or earlier in this sense). Compare Italian massimalista (1908), French maximaliste (1910; 1917–18 as adjective), and also minimalist n. and adj.

A. n.

1. Politics.

a. Usually with capital initial. A member of the extreme left faction of the Russian Social Revolutionary Party, which broke away in 1904 (becoming the Union of Social Revolutionary Maximalists in 1906) and was characterized by its advocacy of terrorist tactics against the Tsarist regime. Also (quot. 1917): a Bolshevik. Now historical.The sense of quot. 1917 is due to a mistranslation of Russian bol′ševik (Bolshevik n. and adj.), taking bol′še- as representing ‘maximum’ rather than ‘majority’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > Bolshevism > Bolshevik

maximalist1907

Bolshevik1917

Bolshevist1917

Bolo1919

bolshie1920

1907 I. Zangwill Ghetto Comedies 468 ‘Ah, you're a Maximalist,’ said the beadle. ‘No, I am only a Minimalist.’

1909 Westm. Gaz. 23 Dec. 7/4 He is said to have joined the ‘Maximalists’ in 1907.

1917 Nation (N.Y.) 15 Nov. 530/1 The Bolshevik or Maximalist thus appeared as the peace-at-any-price man.

1932 M. Eastman tr. L. Trotsky Hist. Russ. Revol. II. xiii. 309 While on the right the ‘democracy’ was competing with the Bolsheviks, on the left too there were the anarchists, the Maximalists, the Left Social Revolutionaries, trying to crowd them out.

1953 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 25 32 (note) Two prominent SR leaders..went part of the way with the Maximalists.

1991 Russ. Rev. 50 331 It [sc. the expression ‘uprising’] also gained acceptance from elements of the political opposition—for example, the SR–Maximalists.

b. A member of a similar group outside the Soviet Union, or of any extremist political group.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > other types of socialism > adherents of

Saint-Simonist1829

Saint-Simonian1831

Saint-Simonite1831

Christian Socialist1838

societarian1842

democratic socialist1848

social democrat1848

utopian socialist1849

scientific socialist1852

state socialist1879

champagne socialist1906

guild socialist1913

state capitalist1915

maximalist1918

1918 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 15 69 These maximalists with their narrowly economic standpoint imagine that when they have overthrown the existing governments of the world, there will then be no reason for establishing new ones.

1921 Glasgow Herald 14 Oct. 9 Forty out of 100 Deputies are Reformists..headed by some of the best brains in the country, like Signore Turati..and Modigliani. To them are opposed an equal number of Maximalists.

1969 D. M. Smith Italy (ed. 2) vii. xxvii. 216 The maximalists were made strong and uncompromising by the belief that history was on their side.

1992 New Republic 16 Nov. 22/2 They are politically divided, between Arafat's Fatah and all its rivals within or outside the plo, including the Islamic maximalists.

2. gen.

a. A person who holds out for the maximum in his or her demands and is not prepared to compromise. Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1933 Mind 42 181 The rule..of always acting so as to produce the greatest amount of good, which latter rule the ‘Maximalists’ say we ought always to follow.

1954 Ann. Reg. 1953 153 There were the ‘maximalists’..who wanted a real surrender of sovereignty, and the ‘minimalists’.

1988 New Scientist 28 Apr. 112/3 If you wanted to know the time, you could always ask a policeman, or..there is probably an uncompromising maximalist somewhere in the vicinity, one of those persons who have watches with digital display and one with hands and figures on the same face.

b. A proponent of extreme or maximum expression in art, literature, design, etc. Opposed to minimalist.

ΚΠ

1982 R. Pincus-Witten in Arts Mag. Mar. 137/2 The Postminimalists and Maximalists..‘need to cover their sense of shame about tradition through visual sarcasm’.

1991 New Republic 6 May 37/2 He is less like Oates..and more like Anthony Burgess. Both writers are maximalists.

1999 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 19 June If you're a minimalist, you'll love this house, and if you're a maximalist, you'll love it just as much. If you like low-key, understated interiors, you'll want to move in, and if you adore richly-decorated homes with bold and confident colour schemes then you'll never want to leave.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or characteristic of maximalists or maximalism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [adjective] > other political theories or doctrines

radical1783

progressive1830

progressist1843

abstentionist1857

restrictionist1858

communalist1871

mutualistic1874

militant1876

possibilist1881

productivist1892

radical feminist1905

rejectionist1909

minimalist1917

pan-Asian1917

maximalist1918

one-world1919

Eurasian1922

gradualistic1926

Europasian1928

gradualist1931

social revolutionary1931

renovationist1934

restrictivist1936

identitarian1943

cultural Marxist1949

1918 Polit. Sci. Q. 33 54 The soviet attempt to establish maximalist government in Finland, Poland, Ukraine, and the other surrendered territories led to civil war between ‘red’ and ‘white’ guards.

1933 Mind 42 181 The ‘Maximalist’ Theory (this designation suggests quantity better than ‘Optimific’) concentrates generally upon the consideration, not of individual situations, but of what happens when a general practice, custom or institution is dropped and replaced by another.

1955 D. W. Treadgold Lenin & Rivals iv. xi. 212 They were bitterly denounced by orthodox SR's, who took fright..at ‘their own reflection in the Maximalist mirror’.

1966 Economist 5 Nov. 568/1 We have moved from a position of protest to one of responsibility and have put behind us the old maximalist dreams and illusions.

1984 J. Brodsky in Less than One (1986) 302 Some may find these notes maximalist and biased.

1994 Rolling Stone 16 June 21/1 Groove Collective's multiculti makeup..is mirrored in the Polyglot sound: maximalist, freewheeling and highly refined.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maximalist
释义	maximalistn.adj. Brit. /ˈmaksᵻml̩ɪst/, /ˈmaksᵻməlɪst/, U.S. /ˈmæksəmələst/ Forms: 1900s– Maximalist, 1900s– maximalist. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Russian lexical item. Etymons: maximal adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < maximal adj. + -ist suffix, after Russian maksimalist (1906 or earlier in this sense). Compare Italian massimalista (1908), French maximaliste (1910; 1917–18 as adjective), and also minimalist n. and adj. A. n. 1. Politics. a. Usually with capital initial. A member of the extreme left faction of the Russian Social Revolutionary Party, which broke away in 1904 (becoming the Union of Social Revolutionary Maximalists in 1906) and was characterized by its advocacy of terrorist tactics against the Tsarist regime. Also (quot. 1917): a Bolshevik. Now historical.The sense of quot. 1917 is due to a mistranslation of Russian bol′ševik (Bolshevik n. and adj.), taking bol′še- as representing ‘maximum’ rather than ‘majority’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > Bolshevism > Bolshevik maximalist1907 Bolshevik1917 Bolshevist1917 Bolo1919 bolshie1920 1907 I. Zangwill Ghetto Comedies 468 ‘Ah, you're a Maximalist,’ said the beadle. ‘No, I am only a Minimalist.’ 1909 Westm. Gaz. 23 Dec. 7/4 He is said to have joined the ‘Maximalists’ in 1907. 1917 Nation (N.Y.) 15 Nov. 530/1 The Bolshevik or Maximalist thus appeared as the peace-at-any-price man. 1932 M. Eastman tr. L. Trotsky Hist. Russ. Revol. II. xiii. 309 While on the right the ‘democracy’ was competing with the Bolsheviks, on the left too there were the anarchists, the Maximalists, the Left Social Revolutionaries, trying to crowd them out. 1953 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 25 32 (note) Two prominent SR leaders..went part of the way with the Maximalists. 1991 Russ. Rev. 50 331 It [sc. the expression ‘uprising’] also gained acceptance from elements of the political opposition—for example, the SR–Maximalists. b. A member of a similar group outside the Soviet Union, or of any extremist political group. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > other types of socialism > adherents of Saint-Simonist1829 Saint-Simonian1831 Saint-Simonite1831 Christian Socialist1838 societarian1842 democratic socialist1848 social democrat1848 utopian socialist1849 scientific socialist1852 state socialist1879 champagne socialist1906 guild socialist1913 state capitalist1915 maximalist1918 1918 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 15 69 These maximalists with their narrowly economic standpoint imagine that when they have overthrown the existing governments of the world, there will then be no reason for establishing new ones. 1921 Glasgow Herald 14 Oct. 9 Forty out of 100 Deputies are Reformists..headed by some of the best brains in the country, like Signore Turati..and Modigliani. To them are opposed an equal number of Maximalists. 1969 D. M. Smith Italy (ed. 2) vii. xxvii. 216 The maximalists were made strong and uncompromising by the belief that history was on their side. 1992 New Republic 16 Nov. 22/2 They are politically divided, between Arafat's Fatah and all its rivals within or outside the plo, including the Islamic maximalists. 2. gen. a. A person who holds out for the maximum in his or her demands and is not prepared to compromise. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1933 Mind 42 181 The rule..of always acting so as to produce the greatest amount of good, which latter rule the ‘Maximalists’ say we ought always to follow. 1954 Ann. Reg. 1953 153 There were the ‘maximalists’..who wanted a real surrender of sovereignty, and the ‘minimalists’. 1988 New Scientist 28 Apr. 112/3 If you wanted to know the time, you could always ask a policeman, or..there is probably an uncompromising maximalist somewhere in the vicinity, one of those persons who have watches with digital display and one with hands and figures on the same face. b. A proponent of extreme or maximum expression in art, literature, design, etc. Opposed to minimalist. ΚΠ 1982 R. Pincus-Witten in Arts Mag. Mar. 137/2 The Postminimalists and Maximalists..‘need to cover their sense of shame about tradition through visual sarcasm’. 1991 New Republic 6 May 37/2 He is less like Oates..and more like Anthony Burgess. Both writers are maximalists. 1999 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 19 June If you're a minimalist, you'll love this house, and if you're a maximalist, you'll love it just as much. If you like low-key, understated interiors, you'll want to move in, and if you adore richly-decorated homes with bold and confident colour schemes then you'll never want to leave. B. adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of maximalists or maximalism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific political theories or doctrines > [adjective] > other political theories or doctrines radical1783 progressive1830 progressist1843 abstentionist1857 restrictionist1858 communalist1871 mutualistic1874 militant1876 possibilist1881 productivist1892 radical feminist1905 rejectionist1909 minimalist1917 pan-Asian1917 maximalist1918 one-world1919 Eurasian1922 gradualistic1926 Europasian1928 gradualist1931 social revolutionary1931 renovationist1934 restrictivist1936 identitarian1943 cultural Marxist1949 1918 Polit. Sci. Q. 33 54 The soviet attempt to establish maximalist government in Finland, Poland, Ukraine, and the other surrendered territories led to civil war between ‘red’ and ‘white’ guards. 1933 Mind 42 181 The ‘Maximalist’ Theory (this designation suggests quantity better than ‘Optimific’) concentrates generally upon the consideration, not of individual situations, but of what happens when a general practice, custom or institution is dropped and replaced by another. 1955 D. W. Treadgold Lenin & Rivals iv. xi. 212 They were bitterly denounced by orthodox SR's, who took fright..at ‘their own reflection in the Maximalist mirror’. 1966 Economist 5 Nov. 568/1 We have moved from a position of protest to one of responsibility and have put behind us the old maximalist dreams and illusions. 1984 J. Brodsky in Less than One (1986) 302 Some may find these notes maximalist and biased. 1994 Rolling Stone 16 June 21/1 Groove Collective's multiculti makeup..is mirrored in the Polyglot sound: maximalist, freewheeling and highly refined. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1907
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