| 释义 |
medaln. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French medaille. Etymology: < Middle French medaille, medalle, medale gold coin used in Italy and the Levant (1496), commemorative medal (1536), medal bearing a devotional image (1567) < Italian medaglia coin worth half a denarius (second half of the 13th cent.), commemorative medal (a1519) < post-classical Latin medalia half a denarius (see mail n.4).Compare Spanish medalla (1524 in sense ‘commemorative medal’, as loan < Italian; 11th cent. in sense ‘coin worth half a denarius’, but subsequently in this sense only in form meaja : see mail n.4), Portuguese medalha (1780, < Italian; for earlier meala ‘coin worth half a denarius’ see mail n.4). The post-classical Latin word was borrowed into Old High German as medilla , medele (Middle High German medele ), rendering Latin terms for coins of low denomination (variously as , triens , and minutum ). Middle French medaille , medalle , medale > German Medaille (16th cent.), early modern Dutch medaille , medalie (1567 in form madalie ; Dutch medaille , medalie ), Swedish medalj (1555 in form medalegher (plural); 1563 in form madall ), Danish medalje . In 16th-cent. Europe, Middle French medaille , Spanish medalla , and Italian medaglia were used in learned publications to designate ancient coins, especially those of Greek or Roman origin. The first known instance of a commemorative medal was that made to record the conquest of Padua in 1390 by Francesco da Canosa, and the manufacture of such items became important in Italy in the fifteenth century. It is therefore possible that the word medaglia existed in this sense in Italian prior to the first recorded instance (a1519, Leonardo da Vinci). Old Occitan medalla (1502 in this sense) slightly antedates the Italian, but because of Italy's association with medal-making, Italian is probably more likely to be the source of this sense in other European languages. The -g- and -ȝ- of the β. forms may indicate remodelling after Italian medaglia or (especially in the Scots examples) may be graphic representations of the palatal -l- of French medaille . The form maddle in the following quot. may be an instance of this word in an extended sense ‘nail, stud’ (perhaps with reference to the nail's circular metal head), though neither form nor sense is otherwise attested:1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Stacchétte little round-headded Maddles or Studs. The derivation < classical Latin metallum metal n. given in N.E.D. is now not usually followed. I. A coin-shaped metal object, made esp. for commemorative purposes. (In these senses, the device may have an attached loop or hole for suspension.) the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery of specific shape or form > [noun] 1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver 133 They founde a Turret, whiche was the Fishermans lodging, in the toppe whereof was in forme of a Medall, the portraiture of a Nunne holding a Lanterne. a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1593) iii. sig. Gg2 He gaue Damætas certaine Medailles of gold he had long kept about him. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 309 He that weares her like her Medull, hanging About his neck. View more context for this quotation 1642 J. Howell vi. 54 Lewis..had..an humour of his own, to weare in his hat a Medaille of Lead. 1674 D. Brevint 250 Any Meddal when rightly consecrated can do as much. 1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 90 in III Gnosticks, who all dealt in Magical Medals and freightfull Inscriptions. 1867 Feb. 705 The superior..and presented her..with..a picture of the saint and the miraculous medal or cross of St. Benedict. 1898 July 560 Faith is not a matter of medals, images, and pious pictures. 1922 J. Joyce iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 592 A pious medal he had that saved him. 1972 Feb. 57/2 (advt.) Medals are recognized as a beautiful medium for artistic expression, as will be exemplified in this fine art series. 1990 T. Griggs ix. 73 He enjoyed collecting the medals and holy cards and putting in flawless performances as an altar boy. 2. society > communication > record > memorial or monument > medal > [noun] society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > decorations or orders 1589 G. Puttenham ii. xi. 115 Such were the figures and inscriptions the Romane Emperours gaue in their money and coignes of largesse, and in other great medailles of siluer and gold. 1611 R. Cotgrave at Manieur de sable A Moulder, or caster of Medalls, or prizes in sand. 1625 in R. Sanderson (1726) XVIII. 74 Wee doe..appointe and ordaine to be the Maister Imbosser and Maker of the medales of us our heires and successors. a1657 W. Burton (1658) 142 The Coyns and medaglies of all the Emperours. 1702 I. i. 44 He..had a rare Collection of the most curious Medals. 1709 R. Steele No. 65. ⁋2 Medals had been struck for our General's Behaviour. 1712 J. Swift 48 If any such Persons were above Money,..a Medal, or some Mark of Distinction, would do full as well. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler I. 231 The king had formerly a very valuable collection of medals. 1813 Gen. Order 7 Oct. in 9 Oct. One Medal only shall be borne by each Officer. 1837 A. Alison VI. l. 667 Two medals were unanimously voted to record the memorable acts of Bayonne. 1867 10 Feb. 154 He testified that he was much interested in geology, antiquities, and scientific matters generally, and had collections of fossils, medals, shells, rare animals, and curious plants. 1955 5 Sept. 12/3 The [Africa General Service] medal is in silver and bears on the obverse an effigy of the Queen. 1987 F. Wyndham v. 62 A brand new medal might be struck, to be awarded..to a selection of especially deserving women. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > medal the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > medal > for excellence in any art or subject 1751 G. Berkeley Let. 22 Nov. in (1871) IV. 329 Gold medals for encouraging the study of Greek. 1771 Minutes (Royal & Anc. Golf Club St. Andrew's) 2 Oct. in R. Clark (1875) 75 This day a Gold Medal, value Seven Guineas, given by the Society of Golfers, was played for. 1839 9 p. ix The gold medals, awarded respectively to Dr Rüppell..and Mr. Thomas Simpson. 1852 C. Fox Let. 29 Sept. in (1972) 207 They have not hesitated to give Anna Maria two bronze medals. 1892 16 Apr. 573/2 After the match the Mayor..presented the cup and medals to the winning team. 1908 T. A. Cook i. 16 For all these gold, silver, and bronze prize medals have been allotted. 1973 P. O'Donnell vii. 133 That may not be a hundred percent right, but do I get a bronze medal for trying? 1999 11 Aug. 19/2 After being drawn in lane one, he blasted off positively and even looked like he could get a medal with 50m to go. II. Extended uses. 3. society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation 1608 Bp. J. Hall Premonit. sig. A5 The Diuines of the olde Heathens..bestowed their time in drawing out the true lineaments of euery vertue and vice, so liuely, that who saw the medals, might know the face: which Art they significantly termed Charactery. 1616 T. Overbury et al. Characters in (9th impr.) sig. Rv It [sc. a prison] coms to be a perfect meddal of the Iron age, sythence nothing but Iengling of keyes, rattling of shackles,..are here to be heard. 1653 H. More i. xi. 36 This little Meddal of God, the Soul of Man. 1656 129 Neither the wit nor tongue..can be a mint capable to coyne the least farthing sin, much less so large a piece and medaile as this man pretends to make of any helping our complexion. 1751 Earl of Orrery (1752) 165 As their letters were not intended for the public, perhaps I was unreasonable in looking for medals, and not being contented with the common current species. the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [noun] 1804 J. Parkinson I. ii. 7 The illustrious Bergman elegantly describes fossils as the medals of creation. 1844 G. A. Mantell (title) The medals of creation; or, First lessons in geology, and in the study of organic remains. 1870 G. Molloy 187 They have been aptly called the Medals of Creation; for, stamped upon their surface they bear the impress of the age to which they belong. 1920 3 Dec. 530/1 They [sc. fossilized bryozoa] are thus automatically adapted to become medals of creation, and highly satisfactory time markers for geologists. 1981 G. Daniel ii. 50 [George Cuvier] was nicknamed ‘the pope of bones’ and had a European reputation in the study of fossils—‘the medals of creation’ as he called them. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] > contradictory point c1660 J. Evelyn anno 1641 (1955) II. 29 The Medaill was turning, and our calamities but yet in their infancy. 1690 Dial. in (1812) IX. 455 To show you the reverse of the medal. Is it not a pity that [etc.]. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff 195 Then for the reverse of the medal, you have Mr. Christie's Notes on Brazilian Questions. ?1885 A. Edwardes I. ii. 42 I have listened to Linda Thorne's verdict on you. Now for the reverse of the medal. What do you think of Linda Thorne? 1900 29 Sept. 814/1 Reversing the medal, let us give Dibdin his due as an admirable song writer. 1997 19 Sept. 9/8 The ‘reverse of the medal’ was the high administrative burden and large economic rents associated with production rights. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, objective, etc. (a) 1847 Ld. Lindsay I. p. ccix A complete classification should include artists..in medal-casting, gem and seal-cutting [etc.]. 1893 40 795 The army of exhibition and medal-hunters. 1966 27 Oct. 613/1 Kitchener and others were furious that this medal-hunter should by pulling strings gain chances of active service which other career officers would have given their eye-teeth to have. 1902 L. S. Amery II. 26 It [sc. fighting against inferior foes] conduces to..medal-hunting. 1658 Sir T. Browne ii. 20 As testified by history and medall inscription yet extant. 1764 S. Foote i. 4 What, old Martin, the medal-monger?.. Martin! why he likes no heads but upon coins. 1872 J. A. Symonds 185 No medal-striker ever made his outlines sharper or his shadows deeper. 1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 73 in III Great Brittain has produc'd the fewest of Medal-Tracts and Numismatical Collectors. (b) 1894 Jan. 28/1 There was something more than medal-winning back of that unobtrusive faith in herself. 1969 79 970 American small arms had their medal-winning successes at the international fairs. 1992 Spring 232 This is the first time in the Institution's 166-year history that a medal-winning service has been captured on film. b. 1772 D. Taitt Let. in N. D. Mereness (1916) 518 To the Great and Small medal chiefs. a1816 B. Hawkins Sketch Creek Country 1798 & 1799 in (1848) III. 27 He is one of the great medal chiefs. 1856 C. Lanman II. 181 His kind protector—who was a medal-chief, lived in a log cabin, and worked twenty negroes. 1876 D. G. Brinton (ed. 2) 260 Esau Hajo, great medal chief and speaker for the Creek nation. 1991 57 493 Emistisiguo, the acknowledged ‘mouth’ of the nation, was not a party to the transaction, nor were other great medal chiefs. 1890 Medal-cup, a drinking-vessel of metal, usually silver, in which coins or medallions are incrusted and form a part of the decoration. 1875 E. H. Knight II. 1418/1 Medal-machine, a machine for making copies of medals and raised or sunk works on a scale larger or smaller than the original. the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > ribbon > medal ribbon 1909 4 Oct. 1/3 The medal-ribbon which a soldier tore off his tunic. 1971 16 July (Colour Suppl.) 5/3 The steward..looked too distinguished with his medal ribbons to be tipped. 1998 B. Elton (1999) xxv. 166 His epaulettes glinted, his belt buckle sparkled..and his medal ribbons competed for attention upon his splendid chest. 1886 31 July 165/3 The various opponents received or conceded two-thirds of the difference between their respective handicaps for medal play, an arrangement which worked well. 1887 91 The ordinary Rules of Golf..shall also be applicable on medal days. 1898 W. A. Morgan et al. I. 180 It does not at all follow that the man who can play a match can also play a medal round. 1909 27 Aug. 12/3 It was arranged to play a medal round in the forenoon. 1964 D. Sanders (1967) 6 In professional medal play, if you miss one shot fifteen guys are ahead of you. 1987 June 9/1 Many of our leading amateurs are playing medal play all the time and some of the college boys have played all Fall and all Spring. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). medalv. Inflections: Past tense and past participle medalled, (U.S.) medaled, medalled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: medal n. Etymology: < medal n. Compare French médailler (mid 19th cent., although earlier in past participle: see medalled adj.). the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > award token of victory or supreme excellence [verb (transitive)] > invest with decoration > with a medal 1860 W. M. Thackeray in Feb. 130 Irving went home medalled by the king. 1890 6 Dec. 114/1 In that year it was decided that both crews should be medalled, the winners with silver, the losers with bronze. 1902 Jan. 1/2 This studio..shows some clever work, which has been medalled at English exhibitions. 1973 L. M. Boston ix. 120 Outside it I was introduced to the young illustrator who was also being medalled. 1985 18 Mar. 125/1 He was eulogized..and was renowned and medalled for his war record. 2007 F. Soremekum in E. V. Linden IX. vi. 132 George Tenet, the head of the CIA was medaled and commended by George Bush when he retired. 1865 T. Lyman Let. 13 Mar. in G. R. Agassiz (1922) 320 The medal was of gold, three pounds in weight... ‘I believe, sir, you are the first man who medalled with his battalion.’ 1966 9 June 34 Divers from the Rita Curtis..Club gold-medaled in all of the events but three... In the boys competition the following RCVAC divers medaled:..Phil Loyola, 2nd; [etc.]. 1979 19 June d6/2 Our women are coming along beautifully—they've medaled well recently. 1984 Oct. 18/1 Gabriella Dorio made her break too early, otherwise she could have medalled. 2011 G. Grasso 65 In the South American Championships, they entered 41 of the 43 tournaments and medaled in 38 of them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1578 v.1860 |
