melaniann.¹adj.²

Brit.

/mᵻˈleɪnɪən/, U.S.

/məˈleɪniən/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Melania , -an suffix.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Melania, genus name (Lamarck 1799, in Mém. de la Soc. d'Hist. Naturelle 75; < ancient Greek μελαν- , μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + scientific Latin -ia -ia suffix¹) + -an suffix, after French mélanien ( Lamarck Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres (1822) VI. ii. 163).The genus was named from the dark colour characteristic of these snails' shells.

Zoology. Now rare.

A. n.¹

A freshwater snail of the former family Melaniidae (now separated into the Melanopsidae, Pleuroceridae, and Thiaridae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Melaniidae > member of

melanian1839

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 76 Melanians, Lamarck's name for a family of fluviatile, testaceous, operculated Mollusks.

1855 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. III. 754 Melanopsis, a genus of fresh-water Testaceous Turbinated Mollusca, to which Lamarck assigns a position among his family of Melanians.

1882 G. Tyron Conchol. I. 256 The Melanians of North America.

1913 Science 6 June 877/2 Special mention may be made of..the really beautiful lithographs by Ibbotson of Isaac Lea's Melanians and Unios.

1954 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 103 357 (title) The relationships of Old and New World Melanians.

B. adj.²

Of or relating to the former family Melaniidae.

ΚΠ

1876 J. H. Simpson Rep. Explor. Great Basin Utah (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 364 The specimens do not show the columella very clearly, and I have not been able to see on it the characteristic fold of Limnœa quite satisfactorily; but, on re-examination, I am more inclined to believe that it belongs to that genus than to any of the Melanian groups.

1954 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 103 357 Recent anatomical observations on the reproductive systems of certain so-called ‘melanian’ fresh-water snails..have clarified..the supergeneric relationships of these fresh-water forms.

1981 Physiol. & Ecol. Japan 18 7 A comparative study of the life history characteristics of two melanian snails.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Melanianadj.¹n.²

Brit.

/mᵻˈleɪnɪən/, U.S.

/məˈleɪniən/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mélanien.

Etymology: < French mélanien ( J. B. G. M. Bory de Saint-Vincent L'homme(1827) I. ii. 83) < ancient Greek μελαν- , μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + French -ien -ian suffix. Compare ancient Greek μελανία blackness, used in Hellenistic Greek of black people.

Cultural Anthropology. Now historical.

Originally: = Negrito adj. Later: = Negroid adj. Also as n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective]

blackOE

Morian1504

African1548

Negro1593

black Morian1631

neger1657

Ethiopian1684

nigger1689

Hubshee1698

Kaffir1731

Nigritian1757

Ethiopic1778

dingy1785

blackamoor1813

nigger-looking1837

darkie1840

Negroid1844

Negroloid1844

dinge1848

Melanian1861

negroish1861

Negroidal1878

Africanoid1885

chocolate?1886

melanodermic1924

nigra1938

tan1950

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] > negrito

Melanian1861

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. i. vi. 36 This species [sc. Homo sapiens] presents three varieties or principal races (Caucasian, Mongolian, and Ethiopian), and eight sub-varieties or secondary races (Alleghanian, American, Hyperborean, Malay, Australian, Melanian [Fr. mélanienne], Hottentot, and Caffre).

1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 145 We know not the size of brain in the Melanian inventor of the ‘throwing-stick’.

1885 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 14 381 To begin with the Ethiopian, Negroid or Melanian, or ‘black’ type.

1916 Man 16 7 The area to which Mr. Perry's survey is confined..includes both Indo- and Austro-Malaya, peopled largely also by Mongols and Melanians (Papuans and Melanesians).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	melanian
释义	melaniann.¹adj.² Brit. /mᵻˈleɪnɪən/, U.S. /məˈleɪniən/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Melania , -an suffix. Etymology: < scientific Latin Melania, genus name (Lamarck 1799, in Mém. de la Soc. d'Hist. Naturelle 75; < ancient Greek μελαν- , μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + scientific Latin -ia -ia suffix¹) + -an suffix, after French mélanien ( Lamarck Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres (1822) VI. ii. 163).The genus was named from the dark colour characteristic of these snails' shells. Zoology. Now rare. A. n.¹ A freshwater snail of the former family Melaniidae (now separated into the Melanopsidae, Pleuroceridae, and Thiaridae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Holostomata > family Melaniidae > member of melanian1839 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 76 Melanians, Lamarck's name for a family of fluviatile, testaceous, operculated Mollusks. 1855 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Nat. Hist. III. 754 Melanopsis, a genus of fresh-water Testaceous Turbinated Mollusca, to which Lamarck assigns a position among his family of Melanians. 1882 G. Tyron Conchol. I. 256 The Melanians of North America. 1913 Science 6 June 877/2 Special mention may be made of..the really beautiful lithographs by Ibbotson of Isaac Lea's Melanians and Unios. 1954 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 103 357 (title) The relationships of Old and New World Melanians. B. adj.² Of or relating to the former family Melaniidae. ΚΠ 1876 J. H. Simpson Rep. Explor. Great Basin Utah (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 364 The specimens do not show the columella very clearly, and I have not been able to see on it the characteristic fold of Limnœa quite satisfactorily; but, on re-examination, I am more inclined to believe that it belongs to that genus than to any of the Melanian groups. 1954 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 103 357 Recent anatomical observations on the reproductive systems of certain so-called ‘melanian’ fresh-water snails..have clarified..the supergeneric relationships of these fresh-water forms. 1981 Physiol. & Ecol. Japan 18 7 A comparative study of the life history characteristics of two melanian snails. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Melanianadj.¹n.² Brit. /mᵻˈleɪnɪən/, U.S. /məˈleɪniən/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mélanien. Etymology: < French mélanien ( J. B. G. M. Bory de Saint-Vincent L'homme(1827) I. ii. 83) < ancient Greek μελαν- , μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + French -ien -ian suffix. Compare ancient Greek μελανία blackness, used in Hellenistic Greek of black people. Cultural Anthropology. Now historical. Originally: = Negrito adj. Later: = Negroid adj. Also as n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] blackOE Morian1504 African1548 Negro1593 black Morian1631 neger1657 Ethiopian1684 nigger1689 Hubshee1698 Kaffir1731 Nigritian1757 Ethiopic1778 dingy1785 blackamoor1813 nigger-looking1837 darkie1840 Negroid1844 Negroloid1844 dinge1848 Melanian1861 negroish1861 Negroidal1878 Africanoid1885 chocolate?1886 melanodermic1924 nigra1938 tan1950 the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] > negrito Melanian1861 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. i. vi. 36 This species [sc. Homo sapiens] presents three varieties or principal races (Caucasian, Mongolian, and Ethiopian), and eight sub-varieties or secondary races (Alleghanian, American, Hyperborean, Malay, Australian, Melanian [Fr. mélanienne], Hottentot, and Caffre). 1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 145 We know not the size of brain in the Melanian inventor of the ‘throwing-stick’. 1885 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 14 381 To begin with the Ethiopian, Negroid or Melanian, or ‘black’ type. 1916 Man 16 7 The area to which Mr. Perry's survey is confined..includes both Indo- and Austro-Malaya, peopled largely also by Mongols and Melanians (Papuans and Melanesians). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.²1839adj.¹n.²1861
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melaniann.1adj.2

Melanianadj.1n.2

melaniann.¹adj.²

Melanianadj.¹n.²