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单词 medio-
释义

medio-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin medius , -o- connective.
Etymology: < classical Latin medius middle (see medium adj.) + -o- connective.Medio- has never been current in Latin as a combining form (with the exception of its use in a few place names, most notably classical Latin Mediolanus Milan). English formations are found from the mid 19th cent. in scientific use. In most cases medio- is combined with a second element of Latin origin, and is equivalent to meso- comb. form, which some writers may have preferred to restrict to use with second elements ultimately of Greek origin. However, in a few scientific compounds in medio-, as mediotarsal, the second element is ultimately of Greek origin. A number of compounds in medio- are paralleled in French, as médiocarpien (1877), médiodorsal (1840), médio-tarsien (1844).
1. Zoology and Botany.
a.
(a) Forming adjectives with the sense ‘in a medial and —— position’.
medio-dorsal adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈdɔːsl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈdɔrs(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals 139 The medio-dorsal intestinal artery.
1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. III. 433 Cerata mediodorsal, retractile or not.
1954 T. L. Peele Neuroanat. Basis Clin. Neurol. xvii. 386/2 The most mediodorsal part of the capsule of the red nucleus.
1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. liii. 425 The mediodorsal zone of endoderm then folds up forming the notochord.
medio-inferior adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪəʊɪnˈfɪərɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊᵻnˈfɪriər/
ΚΠ
1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. (1850) App. i. 698 [The] straight medio-inferior margin, parallel with the dorsal.
1994 Neurology 44 1856 The location of the stimulation site was in the medio-inferior part of the intermedius complex.
medio-lateral adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈlat(ə)rəl/
,
/ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈlat(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈlædərəl/
,
/ˌmidioʊˈlætrəl/
ΚΠ
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 214 The medio-lateral pieces as..developments of the ribs.
1936 J. T. Jenkins Fishes Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 364 (caption) Mediolateral [photophores], 3 in number whose arrangement is very important in telling different species apart.
1991 Lancet 2 Mar. 553/1 There is little interference, assistance usually being limited to artificial rupture of membranes, oxytocin augmentation, and mediolateral episiotomy.
medio-posterior adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)pɒˈstɪərɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊpɑˈstɪriər/
,
/ˌmidioʊpoʊˈstɪriər/
ΚΠ
1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 625 Medio-posterior spine small, very remote from posterior margin.
1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 419 The aquæductus cochleæ is a tunnel in the medio-posterior corner of the cochlear part of the auditory capsule.
1994 Surg. Neurol. 41 45 Angiography of both cases depicted the vertebral artery not passing through the transverse foramen of the Atlas, but running medioposterior to it.
medio-ventral adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈvɛntr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈvɛntrəl/
ΚΠ
1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals 139 The medio-ventral line.
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 40 Reflected upwards from the medio-ventral line.
1961 J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson & J. Sankey Land Invertebr. ii. 29 Males with no medioventral row of accessory copulatory organs and frequently with caudal alae.
1996 Nature 20 June 689/2 A large theropod..with a long and relatively low ilium, the anterior blade of which forms an incipient subhorizontal medioventral shelf.
(b) Also in related adverbs.
mediodorsally adv.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈdɔːsəli/
,
/ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈdɔːsl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈdɔrsəli/
ΚΠ
1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 482 Subspherical, usually somewhat broader than long, and often with a broad shallow constriction medio-dorsally.
1940 Amer. Midland Naturalist 23 359 The median oviduct or vagina receives medio-dorsally the short common duct of a large..accessory gland.
1990 Jrnl. Zool. 220 188 The dorsal bodies are located medio-dorsally on the cerebral ganglia.
medio-laterally adv.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈlat(ə)rəli/
,
/ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈlat(ə)rl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈlædərəli/
,
/ˌmidioʊˈlætrəli/
ΚΠ
1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 188 It is a well-defined group of cells, elliptical in its antero-posterior diameter, flattened medio-laterally.
1988 Nature 25 Feb. 712/2 The centrale of the lemuriform midcarpal joint is relatively wide mediolaterally.
medio-ventrally adv.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈvɛntrəli/
,
/ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈvɛntrl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈvɛntrəli/
ΚΠ
1924 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 212 318 The cochlea is an irregularly oval sac lying medio-ventrally to the sacculus.
1994 Jrnl. Insect Physiol. 40 75 Shorter olfactory hairs, medioventrally located on the flagellar segments.
b. Forming adjectives (and adjectives used as nouns) with the sense ‘of, relating to, or in the middle of an organ or part’.
mediocarpal adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈkɑrp(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Medio-carpal, relating to the middle of the carpus.
medio-colic adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈkɑlɪk/
ΚΠ
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Medio- Mediocolic, of or pertaining to the middle of the colon.
medio-digital adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪdʒᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈdɪdʒᵻd(ə)l/
rare
ΚΠ
1891 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Medio-digital,..relating to the middle of the arm and to the fingers.
medio-frontal adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈfrʌntl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈfrən(t)l/
(also as n.: the medio-frontal suture.)
ΚΠ
1861 T. H. Huxley in Proc. Zool. Soc. 257 The small frontal lobe is divided..into the three infero-frontal, medio-frontal, and supero-frontal gyri.
1865 Nat. Hist. Rev. Apr. 246 The almost infallible closure of the medio-frontal.
1878 R. T. H. Bartley tr. P. Topinard Anthropol. v. 176 Skull triangular at the top anteriorly, supposed to be owing to the medio-frontal synostosis.
1991 Progr. Neuropsychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiatry 15 759 Postmortem neurochemical investigations revealed interhemispheric asymmetry in the mediofrontal region of human brain.
medio-occipital adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪəʊɒkˈsɪpᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˌɑkˈsɪpəd(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Medio-occipital, relating to the middle of the occipital region.
1989 Perception & Psychophysics 46 537 The paradoxical enhancement of the VEP [sc. visual evoked potential] was found..in both the medio-occipital lead and the right temporal lead of a right-handed subject.
medio-palatine adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈpalətʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈpæləˌtaɪn/
(also as n.: the medio-palatine bone.)
ΚΠ
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 173 The most marked medio-palatine ossification... Such are..formations which, like the medio-palatine, serve to bind the palate halves together.
1960 Q. Rev. Biol. 35 217/1 The palatines are separated only by the ossified mediopalatine cartilage.
medio-perforate adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈpəːf(ə)rət/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈpərf(ə)rət/
,
/ˌmidioʊˈpərf(ə)ˌreɪt/
ΚΠ
1879 W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora (ed. 3) 516 Medio-perforate, perforated in the centre.
medio-pontine adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈpɒntʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈpɑnˌtaɪn/
ΚΠ
1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Medio-pontine, relating to the middle of the pons varolii.
1978 Endocrinology 102 1019 Circadian LH variations were measured in castrated, estradiol-implanted female rats bearing..mediopontine transections.
medio-stapedial adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)stəˈpiːdɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊstəˈpidiəl/
,
/ˌmidioʊˌsteɪˈpidiəl/
(as n. in quots.)
ΚΠ
1875 W. K. Parker in Encycl. Brit. III. 702/2 The bar itself is the ‘medio-stapedial’..; it will soon segment itself off from the ear-capsule.
1936 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 226 27 In the Therocephalians there is a rod-like bony mediostapedial passing from the fenestra ovalis to the inner process of the quadrate.
medio-tarsal adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈtɑːsl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈtɑrs(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 121 A bird's ankle-joint is..between proximal and distal series of tarsal bones, and therefore medio-tarsal as in reptiles.
c.
medio-depressed adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)dᵻˈprɛst/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊdəˈprɛst/
,
/ˌmidioʊdiˈprɛst/
(of a lichen thallus) having a depression in the centre.
ΚΠ
1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora 78 Subpeltate, medio-depressed, margin white crenulate [etc.].
2.
medio-palatal adj.
Brit. /ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)ˈpalətl/
,
/ˌmiːdɪə(ʊ)pəˈleɪtl/
,
U.S. /ˌmidioʊˈpæləd(ə)l/
[compare French médiopalatal (1899)] Phonetics articulated with the tongue against the middle part of the hard palate; designating this part of the palate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > palatal
palatine1656
linguapalatal1668
palatal1668
palatic1669
linguopalatal1818
anterior1830
soft1832
mouillé1833
palato-dental1844
palatalized1872
palato-velar1895
postpalatal1898
medio-palatal1900
clear1918
alveolo-palatal1928
lamino-palatal1966
1900 Mod. Lang. Notes 15 27/2 Does it help the already sadly befogged nomenclature of palatals to use the name ‘prepalatal’ for a palatal before e, i; medio-palatal for a palatal before a; post-palatal before o, u?
1902 E. W. Scripture Elements Exper. Phonetics xvii. 297 Roof articulations are indicated by the names..pre-, medio-, postpalatal.
1949 R.-M. S. Heffner Gen. Phonetics vi. 148 In Midwest American pronunciations of English there is an open r sound, which is formed by raising the middle region of the dorsum of the tongue towards the mediopalatal junction between the hard palate and velum.
1962 O. L. Chavarria-Aguila & H. Penzl in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. iv. 241 A contrasting pair of voiced and voiceless medio-palatal fricatives occur.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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