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单词 mele
释义

melen.1

Forms: late Middle English mele, late Middle English melo.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin melum.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin melum apple, apple tree (4th cent.) < ancient Greek μῆλον (see male n.2). Compare Italian melo apple tree (1342), mela apple (1353).In form melo after post-classical Latin melo, dative of melum.
Obsolete.
An apple; an apple tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple
appleeOE
malec1384
pome?1435
mele?1440
maiden's blush1803
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree
apple treeOE
malec1384
mele?1440
applea1500
paradise stock1706
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 768 (MED) Ther is also graffyng in trees seer, As melo, almaunde, & thorn.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 891 (MED) The meles round, ycald orbiculer..a yer may keped be.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 518 (MED) In mele also; ek graffe hym in the pere.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

melen.2

Brit. /ˈmeɪleɪ/, U.S. /ˈmeɪˌleɪ/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, meles.
Origin: A borrowing from Hawaiian. Etymon: Hawaiian mele.
Etymology: < Hawaiian mele song, chorus.
In Polynesia, esp. Hawaii: a chant with a unique vocal melody, composed and performed by a professional chanter, often to commemorate a significant cultural event or to praise a leader.
ΚΠ
1851 H. T. Cheever Life in Sandwich Islands x. 181 The first teacher at Lahainaluna..has in his possession a mass of old Hawaiian meles... They are somewhat after the style of the old Greek Rhapsodists.
1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 28 299 Once get the exact sounds recorded on the wax cylinder, and the task of the philologist becomes tenfold easier; cf. the Hawaiian word Mele, a song, and the Pelew word Moloik, dancing and singing.
1923 Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 868/1 The eyes of the Tahitians grew dull; they ceased to chant their native meles; they watched the sharks.
1974 J. Brennan Parker Ranch of Hawaii ii. 17 We have to rely upon their meles and chants passed on down from mouth to mouth over the years.
1991 Aloha Aug. 23/2 The Hawaiians, whose mele told of nature's impact on their consciousness, had little to say about eclipses.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

melev.

Forms:

α. Old English mædlan (rare), Old English mæðlan, Old English meðlan, Middle English medele, Middle English medle.

β. Old English mælan, Middle English mælenn ( Ormulum), Middle English meale, Middle English meile, Middle English meill, Middle English meille, Middle English mele; Scottish pre-1700 meile, pre-1700 meill, pre-1700 meille, pre-1700 mele.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon mahlian to speak (Middle Low German mālen (rare) to take as wife), Old High German mahalen to speak, promise, take as wife (Middle High German mahalen , mehelen , mālen , mēlen to interrogate, accuse, promise, take as wife, German -mählen , only in the compound vermählen to marry, give in marriage), Old Icelandic mæla to speak, stipulate, Old Swedish mäla , mela to speak, promise (Swedish mäla (archaic)), Danish mæle to speak, Gothic maþljan to talk, hold formal discussions < a Germanic verbal derivative (a parallel formation to the base of mathel v.) < the Germanic base of Old English mæþel speech, assembly (see mallum n.). Compare mell v.2The β. forms show loss of ð before l , and compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel (compare parallel formations among the Germanic cognates; compare also mail n.1, stalworth adj. and n.). The isolated Middle English forms medele , medle may be genuine reflexes of Old English mæðlan , meðlan , but are perhaps errors arising from confusion with meddle v. In Old English occurring chiefly in poetic texts.
Obsolete.
1. intransitive. To speak, talk. Also (of a bird): to sing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)]
matheleOE
speakc888
spellc888
yedc888
i-quethec900
reirdOE
meldOE
meleOE
quidOE
i-meleOE
wordOE
to open one's mouth (also lips)OE
mootOE
spellc1175
carpa1240
spilec1275
bespeakc1314
adda1382
mella1400
moutha1400
utter?a1400
lalec1400
nurnc1400
parlec1400
talkc1400
to say forthc1405
rekea1450
to say on1487
nevena1500
quinch1511
quetch1530
queckc1540
walk1550
cant1567
twang1602
articulate1615
tella1616
betalk1622
sermocinate1623
to give tongue1737
jaw1748
to break stillness1768
outspeaka1788
to give mouth1854
larum1877
to make noises1909
verbal1974
α.
OE Crist III 1337 Þær he fore englum ond fore elþeodum to þam eadgestum ærest mædleð.
OE Crist III 1363 Onginneð þonne to þam yflum ungelice wordum mæðlan..alwalda god.
OE Genesis B 523 Þonne ic sigedrihten, mihtigne god, mæðlan gehyrde strangre stemne.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. 93 (MED) He bicom so confoundet he couþe not medle [a1400 Trin. Cambr. mele], And as doumbe as a dore drouȝ him asyde.
β. OE Andreas (1932) 767 Se scyna stan mælde for mannum.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2919 Off all þatt tatt he wile don & tatt he wile mælenn.c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1243 Þow schelt me swere, þat þow ne schelt wiþ noman mele.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 821 (MED) Þe þrusch & þe þrustele..Meleden ful merye in maner of here kinde.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27214 (MED) Þar him-self wit word he meild Bath of his youthed and his eild.1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 229 The merle melit with all hir mycht.
2. transitive. To say, tell; to speak, utter; to discuss; to address; to account for.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
queatheOE
forthdoc900
i-seggenc900
sayeOE
speak971
meleOE
quidOE
spella1000
forthbringc1000
givec1175
warpa1225
mootc1225
i-schirea1250
upbringa1250
outsay?c1250
spilec1275
talec1275
wisea1300
crackc1315
nevena1325
cast1330
rehearsec1330
roundc1330
spend1362
carpa1375
sermona1382
to speak outc1384
usea1387
minc1390
pronouncea1393
lancec1400
mellc1400
nurnc1400
slingc1400
tellc1400
wordc1400
yelpc1400
worka1425
utterc1444
outspeakc1449
yielda1450
arecchec1460
roose?a1475
cutc1525
to come forth with1532
bubble1536
prolate1542
report1548
prolocute1570
bespeak1579
wield1581
upbraid1587
up with (also mid) ——1594
name1595
upbrayc1600
discoursea1616
tonguea1616
to bring out1665
voice1665
emit1753
lip1789
to out with1802
pitch1811
go1836
to open one's head1843
vocabulize1861
shoot1915
verbal1920
be1982
α.
OE Andreas (1932) 1440 Ær awæged sie worda ænig þe ic þurh minne muð meðlan onginne.
a1500 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Oriel) (1869) B. iii. 36 (MED) Medelede [c1400 Laud To Mede þe mayde he mellud þis wordes].
β. OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxxiv. 7 Syþþan ic gehyre, hwæt me halig god on minum modsefan mælan wille.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1238 (MED) Hwil þis eadi meiden motede ant mealde þis.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 621 (MED) What man so ich mete wiþ or mele wiþ speche.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2268 (MED) Þar war al þe speces delt Þat now ouer-alle þe werld er melt.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 1077 Off king Eduuard ȝeit mar furth will I meill.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1933 He loues þe full litull..To make þe þis message for to mele here.

Derivatives

meling n. rare talking, conversation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun]
speechc725
spellc888
tonguec897
spellingc1000
wordOE
mathelingOE
redec1275
sermonc1275
leeda1300
gale13..
speakc1300
speaking1303
ledenc1320
talea1325
parliamentc1325
winda1330
sermoningc1330
saying1340
melinga1375
talkingc1386
wordc1390
prolationa1393
carpinga1400
eloquencec1400
utteringc1400
language?c1450
reporturec1475
parleyc1490
locutionc1500
talk1539
discourse1545
report1548
tonguec1550
deliverance1553
oration1555
delivery1577
parling1582
parle1584
conveying1586
passage1598
perlocution1599
wording1604
bursta1616
ventilation1615
loquency1623
voicinga1626
verbocination1653
loquence1677
pronunciation1686
loquel1694
jawinga1731
talkee-talkee?1740
vocification1743
talkation1781
voicing1822
utterancy1827
voicing1831
the spoken word1832
outness1851
verbalization1851
voice1855
outgiving1865
stringing1886
praxis1950
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 760 William to þe window witterli miȝt sene ȝif meliors wiþ hire maydenes in meling þere sete.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1?1440n.21851v.OE
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